scholarly journals How Much Does Water Management Cost? The Case of the Water Market in the Ñuble River of South-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Bratian Buzolic ◽  
José Luis Arumí ◽  
Jorge Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
South Central

Economic and population growth has increased the demand for freshwater worldwide, generating pressure on the environment and creating conflicts among users. Water markets have emerged as a solution for managing this resource, and Chile has been a pioneer in implementing this approach. However, most Chilean water markets are inefficient due to incomplete information, the poor flexibility of the water distribution system, and high transaction costs. This study analyzes the Ñuble River water market and estimates the economic and social costs of its inefficiencies through a methodology based on the marginal profitability of water, which simulates the operation of a perfect market for the Ñuble River irrigation system. Net benefit losses from market inefficiencies were estimated at 7.6 million dollars annually, which is equivalent to a 25% increase in the net returns of the current river water distribution strategy. Losses of economic benefits are even greater as the availability of water flow decreases. This is important considering that in the last decade the water flows of the Ñuble River have decreased by more than 30% compared to their historical average.

scholarly journals Catchworks: A Historical Water-Distribution System on Mountain Meadows in Central Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Martina Slámová ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Henrich Grežo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Narrow Channels

Water meadows or flooded meadows are known from many European countries. A historical irrigation system—catchworks—was identified in only one locality in Slovakia. This article brings a methodical approach to the identification of catchworks on mountain slopes. The main aim was to delineate catchworks using terrain and land use geospatial data intended to supplement existing data on catchworks from the field survey. The identification of shallow and narrow channels in the field is difficult, and their detection in a digital terrain model (DTM) and orthomosaic photos is also challenging. A detailed DTM elaborated from laser scanning data was not available. Therefore, we employed break lines of a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model created by EUROSENSE Ltd. 2017, Bratislava, Slovakia. to determine microtopographic features on mountain slopes. Orthomosaics with adjusted red (R) green (G) and blue (B) band thresholds (digital numbers) in a time sequence of 16 years (2002–2018) and the Normalized Green-Red Difference Index (NGRDI) (2018) determined vital herbaceous vegetation and higher biomass. In both cases, the vegetation inside wet functional catchworks was differently coloured from the surroundings. In the case of dry catchworks, the identification relied only on microtopography features. The length of catchworks mapped in the field (1939.12 m; 2013) was supplied with potential catchworks detected from geospatial data (2877.18; 2018) and their total length in the study area increased above 59.74% (4816.30 m). Real and potential catchworks predominantly occupied historical grassland (meadows and pastures) (1952–1957) (4430.31; 91.99%). This result corresponds with the findings of foreign studies referring that catchworks on mountain slopes were related to livestock activities. They are important elements of sustainable land use with a water retention function in traditional agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Design of Water Distribution System: Appropriateness of Structured System in Large Irrigation Projects in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Basistha Adhakari
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Structured System ◽  
Large Irrigation ◽  
Area Development

Many large irrigation projects in Nepal operate under command area development works that emphasize on-farm water distribution and management. These projects have specific design characteristics that were planned to comply with available water resources, climatic conditions, soil type, and water distribution technology. The water distribution technologies differ based on the design needs of each individual project and the design preferences of various foreign consulting firms. This article focuses on the issues of planning and designing water distribution systems of large irrigation systems at the irrigation service delivery level. The layout planning of an irrigation system is an important aspect of design for water distribution, typically guided by hierarchical system. This article also highlights the existing canal hierarchy of these systems and their appropriateness for efficient water distribution. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the structured system is also examined in the Sunsari Morang Irrigation Project. The article concluded with some suggestions for planning and designing command area development works of forthcoming large irrigation projects such as the Sikta Irrigation Project, the Babai Irrigation Project, and the Mahakali Irrigation Project Stage-III.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 25-30

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

Reaching economic leakage level through pressure management

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gonelas ◽  
V. Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
System Input ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Break Even Point

High non-revenue water (NRW) values as a percentage of system input volume form a serious problem that many water utilities worldwide have to confront nowadays. There are ways to mitigate the effect by adopting strategies with short- and long-term results. Water pressure management (PM) is one of the most efficient and effective NRW reduction strategies. To calculate pressure management of economic level of leakage (ELL), several steps have to be taken, such as full water costing, calculation of economic benefits and losses of PM interventions and definition of the related investment's break-even point. In this paper, the results of these three procedures required to define the ELL level are analyzed, in order to present the way they are linked together. The water distribution system of Kozani city (in Northern Greece) is used as the case study network. The results of both the net present values PM implementation results and the investment's break-even estimation are analyzed.

Implementasi Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) pada Sistem Irigasi Lahan Tadah Hujan

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Trisma Juwita ◽  
Rosida Nur Aziza ◽  
Hengki Sikumbang ◽  
Riki Ruli A. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to produce an optimal water distribution system for irrigation of rainfed land. The problem with conventional irrigation systems is that the water distribution process cannot be controlled and monitored automatically and in real time. The impact on water distribution becomes ineffective. The implementation of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is used in research as a method to determine the location or node based on the pheromone pattern of the soil dryness level at the sprinkler nodes to be distributed by the water flow, taking into account the criteria level on the soil as a trend of probability values ​​and determining the nodes according to the needs in the flow water. The results obtained from this study indicate that the data displayed is the level of dryness of each node, the volume of water in the reservoir, and the flow of water flowing. The ACO test shows the sequence of nodes that will be passed after the optimization process of water distribution in a rainfed irrigation system using the ACO method gets an error value calculated by the MAPE method of 43% so that it gets an accuracy value of 57%.

scholarly journals Optimal energy recovery by means of pumps as turbines (PATs) for improved WDS management

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tricarico ◽  
Mark S. Morley ◽  
Rudy Gargano ◽  
Zoran Kapelan ◽  
Dragan Savić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Uncertain Variables ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Future Demands

Abstract In water networks characterized by a significant variation in ground elevations the necessity of pumping water in some areas is complicated by a conflicting requirement to reduce excess pressures in other areas. This and the increasing cost of electricity has led to the use of Pumps-operating-As-Turbines (PATs) devices that can reduce pressure (and leakage) whilst harvesting energy. This paper presents a methodology for optimal water distribution system (WDS) management, driving the optimization by minimizing the surplus pressure at network nodes and the operational pumping costs and maximizing the income generated through energy recovery. The method is based on a highly parallelized Evolutionary Algorithm, employing an hydraulic solver to evaluate hydraulic constraints. Water demands at network nodes are considered as uncertain variables modelled by using a probabilistic approach in order to take into account unknown future demands. The approach is demonstrated in different case studies. Results obtained highlight that the economic benefits of installing PATs for energy recovery in conjunction with a combined pump-scheduling and pressure management regime is especially related to the input network characteristics. Further analysis of the importance of the probabilistic approach and of the influence of the interval time step adopted for the optimization has been evaluated.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Pemberian Air Pada Jaringan Irigasi Way Bini Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Ar Assagaf ◽  
Charles Silahooy ◽  
Pieter J Kunu ◽  
Silwanus Talakua ◽  
Rudi Soplanit
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement

Dams irrigation system is important facility to ensure the water availability during rice cultivation. The aim of this study was to verify the condition of Way Bini irrigation system in providing irrigation water and water distribution system to meet the needs of rice cultivation in Savana Jaya Village, Waeapo Subdistrict, Buru District. The research used survey method. The results showed that the irrigation water debit required for appropriate rice cultivtion was 677.16 L/sec (0.68 m3/sec) which was smaller than that of the Way Bini dam; 750 L / s (0.75 m3 / s), while the efficiency of the irrigation water requirement was 70% which was categorized as good to excellent.

scholarly journals Irrigation Water Use Services Model Based on the Water Optimizatio

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746-2753
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Various efforts to improve the welfare of the community have become the priority of government programs currently, especially in providing food by encouraging the development of the irrigation sector. The decline in water resources both in terms of quantity and quality also make a triggers the problem of water distribution when there is an imbalance between demand and supply. The desire among farmers to obtain water immediately may cause problems in how to distribute water fairly and equally. Sempor Irrigation System (5.888 ha) also deal with water distribution problems especially during the dry season. The purpose of this research is to determine the water distribution system based on water optimization therefore the irrigation performance can be measured more precisely. Meanwhile, the methodology is uses descriptive research method on fields’ irrigation research. The results of this study will be obtained a irrigation water use services model.

scholarly journals Manajemen Irigasi Tradisional pada Sistem Subak Umaya di Desa Talibeng Kecamatan Sidemen Kabupaten Karangasem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAHYUNI YUSMITA ◽  
I GEDE SETIAWAN ADI PUTRA ◽  
I WAYAN BUDIASA
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Traditional Irrigation ◽  
The Government

Traditional Irrigation Management at Subak Umaya System at Talibeng Village, Sub-district of Sidemen, KarangasemSubak Umaya has a traditional irrigation system of water distribution system called bumbung. Subak generally faces problems of land use, loss of Tri Hita Karana elements and limitations of water. It is interesting to examine these conditions amid the problems of Subak irrigation system. On the initial observation at Subak Umaya showed that not all members use bumbung. The aim of research was to find out the traditional irrigation systems and irrigation water distribution to each member in the Subak Umaya. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. The research results indicate that the distribution of water in the form of water control system by using a tube/bumbung and cakangan. The rights to water is based on the size of land area. The water needs is based on the cropping pattern of rice - crops - crops. Ngulu-ngasep planting system. Subak implements the system of continuous flow and intermittent flow to water the plant. Conflict over water has never happened. Canals that are the responsibility of Subak begin from the tunnel after Yeh Masin river to tertiary canals. The rituals are held collectively and individually. Sources of funding come from active members and the government. The Subak structure are: pekaseh/ subak’s chief, vice of pekaseh, secretary, treasurer, kelian tempek, and assistant to kelian tempek. Members who use bumbung are 18%, and 82% were taking cakangan. Many members use cakangan for their leniency rules. The specialty of the bumbung is to prevent flooding, because it has a measurable hole. Subak Umaya is expected to save funds to repair the broken channel. Subak should provide intermittent water flow and reapply the bumbung system in order to grow rice simultaneously. Additionally, Subak may make strict rules regarding the use of langki and cakangan.

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