scholarly journals Optimal energy recovery by means of pumps as turbines (PATs) for improved WDS management

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tricarico ◽  
Mark S. Morley ◽  
Rudy Gargano ◽  
Zoran Kapelan ◽  
Dragan Savić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Uncertain Variables ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Future Demands

Abstract In water networks characterized by a significant variation in ground elevations the necessity of pumping water in some areas is complicated by a conflicting requirement to reduce excess pressures in other areas. This and the increasing cost of electricity has led to the use of Pumps-operating-As-Turbines (PATs) devices that can reduce pressure (and leakage) whilst harvesting energy. This paper presents a methodology for optimal water distribution system (WDS) management, driving the optimization by minimizing the surplus pressure at network nodes and the operational pumping costs and maximizing the income generated through energy recovery. The method is based on a highly parallelized Evolutionary Algorithm, employing an hydraulic solver to evaluate hydraulic constraints. Water demands at network nodes are considered as uncertain variables modelled by using a probabilistic approach in order to take into account unknown future demands. The approach is demonstrated in different case studies. Results obtained highlight that the economic benefits of installing PATs for energy recovery in conjunction with a combined pump-scheduling and pressure management regime is especially related to the input network characteristics. Further analysis of the importance of the probabilistic approach and of the influence of the interval time step adopted for the optimization has been evaluated.

Reaching economic leakage level through pressure management

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gonelas ◽  
V. Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
System Input ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Break Even Point

High non-revenue water (NRW) values as a percentage of system input volume form a serious problem that many water utilities worldwide have to confront nowadays. There are ways to mitigate the effect by adopting strategies with short- and long-term results. Water pressure management (PM) is one of the most efficient and effective NRW reduction strategies. To calculate pressure management of economic level of leakage (ELL), several steps have to be taken, such as full water costing, calculation of economic benefits and losses of PM interventions and definition of the related investment's break-even point. In this paper, the results of these three procedures required to define the ELL level are analyzed, in order to present the way they are linked together. The water distribution system of Kozani city (in Northern Greece) is used as the case study network. The results of both the net present values PM implementation results and the investment's break-even estimation are analyzed.

Supporting Design of Combined Energy Recovery and Pressure Control in a Water Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele B. Laucelli ◽  
Stefano Di Spiridione ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Francesco Ciliberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Pressure Control

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different probability distributions of random parameters in the assessment of water distribution system reliability

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Darvini
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
The Impact

During recent years, several methods based on the probabilistic approach have been proposed for the analysis of the performance of water distribution systems (WDSs). Uncertain elements are described by probabilistic laws chosen and parameterised on the basis of the network characteristics. However, the choice of the most suitable probabilistic distribution and of the statistical parameters can be difficult because of the lack of information about the WDSs. Among the stochastic parameters that affect the network performance, a fundamental role is played by the times to failure and repair of the system components. The impact of the chosen probability distributions of these fundamental variables on the evaluation of water distribution network reliability is analysed. The study is performed by using a technique capable of considering the mechanical failure of the network components, the spatial and temporal variations of the water demand and the uncertain distribution of the pipe roughness. This analysis allows quantification of the effect of any inaccuracy that may occur in the probabilistic characterisation of the random parameters.

scholarly journals Water Distribution in a Socio-Technical System: Resilience Assessment for Critical Events Causing Demand Relocation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2062
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Logan ◽  
Michaela Leštáková ◽  
Nadja Thiessen ◽  
Jens Ivo Engels ◽  
Peter F. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Component Failures ◽  
The City ◽  
Resilience Assessment

This study presents an exploratory, historically-informed approach to assessing resilience for critical events that cause demand relocation within a water distribution system (WDS). Considering WDS as an interdependent socio-technical system, demand relocation is regarded as a critical factor that can affect resilience similarly to the more commonly analyzed component failures such as pipe leaks and pump failures. Critical events are modeled as events during which consumer nodes are evacuated within a perimeter varying in size according to a typical length scale in the studied network. The required demand drops to zero in the evacuated area, and the equivalent demand is relocated according to three sheltering schemes. Results are presented for analyzing the effect of the size of the evacuated area, the feasibility of sheltering schemes, vulnerability of particular parts of the city as well as the suitability of network nodes to accommodate relocated demand using a suitable resilience metric. The results provided by this metric are compared with those drawn from common graph-based metrics. The conclusions are critically discussed under the consideration of historical knowledge to serve as a basis for future research to refine resilience assessment of socio-technical systems.

scholarly journals Optimal Time Step Length to Minimize Uncertainty of Zonal Water Balance Calculation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

10.29007/5r9x ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bibok ◽  
Roland Fülöp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Water balance calculation is a well-known and adapted method to analyze district-metered areas (DMAs) of drinking water distribution system. Other application of water balance results can be training dataset for consumption forecast, monitoring and managing water loss. The vast amount of application makes it a very powerful tool, which is in contrary sensitive to the accuracy of the calculation. The uncertainty of flow metering decreases as the length of the time step decreases, however, the uncertainty of stored volume measurement in tanks increases. Investigation of the limitations of water balance calculation in regard to uncertainty is necessary to develop an analytical solution for optimal calculation time step.

scholarly journals How Much Does Water Management Cost? The Case of the Water Market in the Ñuble River of South-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Bratian Buzolic ◽  
José Luis Arumí ◽  
Jorge Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
South Central

Economic and population growth has increased the demand for freshwater worldwide, generating pressure on the environment and creating conflicts among users. Water markets have emerged as a solution for managing this resource, and Chile has been a pioneer in implementing this approach. However, most Chilean water markets are inefficient due to incomplete information, the poor flexibility of the water distribution system, and high transaction costs. This study analyzes the Ñuble River water market and estimates the economic and social costs of its inefficiencies through a methodology based on the marginal profitability of water, which simulates the operation of a perfect market for the Ñuble River irrigation system. Net benefit losses from market inefficiencies were estimated at 7.6 million dollars annually, which is equivalent to a 25% increase in the net returns of the current river water distribution strategy. Losses of economic benefits are even greater as the availability of water flow decreases. This is important considering that in the last decade the water flows of the Ñuble River have decreased by more than 30% compared to their historical average.

Numerical Modelling of a Town Water Distribution Network Optimum location of quality sensors

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Gheorghe I. Lazar ◽  
Albert Titus Constantin ◽  
Marie Alice Ghitescu ◽  
Serban Vlad Nicoara
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contaminant Release

The analysis following a numerical simulation aims to establish the water distribution system vulnerability to a contaminant release and so to estimate the optimum locations of several quality sensors to warn against the pollution effects. The TEVA-SPOT software toolkit (as specific EPANET extension) was engaged upon a study case regarding the water distribution network of Ortisoara Town in Timi� County (4385 inhabitants). Five sets of sensors were consecutively considered for the numerical modelling, the engaged sensors being set for three values of the detection limit and of the response time. Assumed as a possible scenario, the designed sensors had to monitor the impact of injecting (at different given moments and network nodes) two types of contaminants (chemical and biological).

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