scholarly journals Filtration Process and Alternative Filter Media Material in Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Anna Cescon ◽  
Jia-Qian Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Full Scale Tests

In drinking water treatment, filtration plays an important role in the multi-barrier approach employed for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. Therefore, high performance in the removal of particles achieved by granular filtration can increase the disinfection efficiency. Although sand is one of the major filter media, alternative media have been developed and used in recent years. In this review, the performance of alternative media is compared with traditional sand/anthracite for drinking water treatment. Advantages in the use of alternative media, especially glass media, have been found, including high filtration performance in removing residual particles and turbidity, minor modification requirements to the existing filtration configuration and slow head loss development. However, before the employment of them in industry, additional tests are recommended. In particular, full scale tests with variations in the operating conditions and analyses of pathogen removal should be performed. Moreover, this paper reviews the filtration processes and operating configurations which provide overall references to those who are studying and working in the field of water technology and treatment. In this paper, legislations/standards of safe drinking water are summarized as they are the driving force of developing new treatment technologies; mathematical modules for predicting the media filtration performance are briefed. Finally, future work on the application of alternative filter media is recommended.

scholarly journals The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Beltrán ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Olga Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Radiation Sources

Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment (DWT) as a result of pathogen removal has always been an issue of special attention in the preparation of safe water. DBPs are formed by the action of oxidant-disinfectant chemicals, mainly chlorine derivatives (chlorine, hypochlorous acid, chloramines, etc.), that react with natural organic matter (NOM), mainly humic substances. DBPs are usually refractory to oxidation, mainly due to the presence of halogen compounds so that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recommended option to deal with their removal. In this work, the application of catalytic ozonation processes (with and without the simultaneous presence of radiation), moderately recent AOPs, for the removal of humic substances (NOM), also called DBPs precursors, and DBPs themselves is reviewed. First, a short history about the use of disinfectants in DWT, DBPs formation discovery and alternative oxidants used is presented. Then, sections are dedicated to conventional AOPs applied to remove DBPs and their precursors to finalize with the description of principal research achievements found in the literature about application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this sense, aspects such as operating conditions, reactors used, radiation sources applied in their case, kinetics and mechanisms are reviewed.

scholarly journals Occurrence and removal of acesulfame and sucralose in the drinking water treatment plants along the Yangtze River

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1312
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqiu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Carbon Filtration

Abstract Acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) are ideal sewage markers for drinking water. In this paper, 33 samples were collected from eight cities' drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) along the Yangtze River to analyse the occurrence and removal of ACE and SUC. These two compounds were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for ACE and SUC were 1.75 ng/L and 0.03 ng/L, respectively. The results showed that ACE and SUC existed widely in DWTPs along the Yangtze River. The concentration of ACE was 13–320 ng/L and the concentration of SUC was 200–1,592 ng/L. In general, the concentrations of ACE and SUC increased from upstream to downstream but decreased after water treatment procedures at every DWTP. In most DWTPs, a 9–30% removal of ACE and SUC was achieved using traditional chlorination disinfection technology. Ozonation combined with granular activated carbon filtration techniques had a high removal efficiency (63.8% for ACE and 50.2% for SUC).

Evaluation of drinking water treatment processes focusing on natural organic matter removal and on disinfection by-product formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption

The aim of this study was to characterize and compare natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in the drinking water treatment train that can give valuable information, while optimizing the treatment process. In this study, the determination of the hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (THP) and hydrophilic (HPI) NOM distribution was used in parallel with more related drinking water parameters to compare the selected waters. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was applied to evaluate the relative changes of molecular size distribution of NOM in different treatment steps and source waters. This showed that the quantity, speciation and activated carbon adsorption of DBPs could vary not only by water quality, but also by the distribution and properties of the organic molecules that comprise NOM.

Study on veterinary and human antibiotics in raw and treated water from a French basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1284
Author(s):  
A. Guillon ◽  
N. Noyon ◽  
C. Gogot ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
A. Bruchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Livestock Density

The aims of this work are to evaluate the presence of antibiotics in surface waters in a French water basin, where the presence of livestock is relatively important, and to understand the behaviour of antibiotics in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Two sampling sites were chosen because of their livestock density and the presence of DWTPs in areas where urban activities are different. A large range of veterinary and human antibiotics were analysed in raw and treated water from the French Seine-Normandy Basin, based on the development of two analytical methodologies using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clorsulon (an anthelmintic), fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides (such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine), tetracyclines and trimethoprim were detected in raw surface water. Regarding the efficiency of drinking water treatment, an ozone/granular activated carbon combination proved to be effective in removing most antibiotics except danofloxacin and enrofloxacin which have an ionisable character and insufficient ozonation kinetic constant. Chlorination proved to be ineffective in removing antibiotics passing through the previous stages.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Investigation of estrogen activity in the raw and treated waters of riverbank infiltration using a yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Plutzer ◽  
Péter Avar ◽  
Dóra Keresztes ◽  
Zsófia Sári ◽  
Ildikó Kiss-Szarvák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Estrogen Activity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals

Abstract Exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can lead to adverse effects on reproductive physiology and behavior in both animals and humans. An adequate strategy for the prevention of environmental contamination and eliminating the effects of them must be established. Chemicals with estrogenic activity were selected, and the effectiveness of their removal during the purification processes in two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) using riverbank infiltrated water was determined. Thirty-five water samples in two sampling campaigns throughout different seasons were collected and screened with a yeast estrogen test; furthermore, bisphenol A (BPA), 17ß-estradiol (E2) and ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) content were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Our results confirm that estrogenic compounds are present in sewage effluents and raw surface river water of DWTPs. Very low estrogen activity and pg/L concentrations of BPA and E2 were detected during drinking water processing and occasionally in drinking water. Based on this study, applied riverbank filtration and water treatment procedures do not seem to be suitable for the total removal of estrogenic chemicals. Local contamination could play an important role in increasing the BPA content of the drinking water at the consumer endpoint.

Polar Organic Pollutants on Their Way from Waste Water to Drinking Water

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fr. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
On Line

The examination of pollutants in waste-, surface- and drinking water by sum parameters like COD, BOD or TOC gives no information about their toxicity or behaviour in the drinking water treatment process. As many pollutants leaving sewage treatment plants are polar and/or thermolabile, gas Chromatographic (GC) separation coupled on-line with a mass spectrometer (MS) is not applicable to this problem. Newly established analytical methods like high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in on-line combination with mass- (MS) or tandem mass spectrometers (MS/MS) using soft ionization techniques like thermospray (TSP) would help to solve these problems. The comparison of GC- and LC/MS-spectra demonstrates increasing polarity beginning at the waste water treatment and ending at the drinking water treatment. It was possible to identify and quantify selected compounds, and elimination efficiency could be reviewed by comparing overview spectra. The knowledge about the existence of these compounds in waste-, surface- and drinking water requires strategies for elimination, avoidance or degradation.

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