scholarly journals Investigation of estrogen activity in the raw and treated waters of riverbank infiltration using a yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Plutzer ◽  
Péter Avar ◽  
Dóra Keresztes ◽  
Zsófia Sári ◽  
Ildikó Kiss-Szarvák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Estrogen Activity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals

Abstract Exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can lead to adverse effects on reproductive physiology and behavior in both animals and humans. An adequate strategy for the prevention of environmental contamination and eliminating the effects of them must be established. Chemicals with estrogenic activity were selected, and the effectiveness of their removal during the purification processes in two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) using riverbank infiltrated water was determined. Thirty-five water samples in two sampling campaigns throughout different seasons were collected and screened with a yeast estrogen test; furthermore, bisphenol A (BPA), 17ß-estradiol (E2) and ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) content were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Our results confirm that estrogenic compounds are present in sewage effluents and raw surface river water of DWTPs. Very low estrogen activity and pg/L concentrations of BPA and E2 were detected during drinking water processing and occasionally in drinking water. Based on this study, applied riverbank filtration and water treatment procedures do not seem to be suitable for the total removal of estrogenic chemicals. Local contamination could play an important role in increasing the BPA content of the drinking water at the consumer endpoint.

scholarly journals Occurrence and removal of acesulfame and sucralose in the drinking water treatment plants along the Yangtze River

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1312
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqiu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Carbon Filtration

Abstract Acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) are ideal sewage markers for drinking water. In this paper, 33 samples were collected from eight cities' drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) along the Yangtze River to analyse the occurrence and removal of ACE and SUC. These two compounds were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for ACE and SUC were 1.75 ng/L and 0.03 ng/L, respectively. The results showed that ACE and SUC existed widely in DWTPs along the Yangtze River. The concentration of ACE was 13–320 ng/L and the concentration of SUC was 200–1,592 ng/L. In general, the concentrations of ACE and SUC increased from upstream to downstream but decreased after water treatment procedures at every DWTP. In most DWTPs, a 9–30% removal of ACE and SUC was achieved using traditional chlorination disinfection technology. Ozonation combined with granular activated carbon filtration techniques had a high removal efficiency (63.8% for ACE and 50.2% for SUC).

Evaluation of drinking water treatment processes focusing on natural organic matter removal and on disinfection by-product formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption

The aim of this study was to characterize and compare natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in the drinking water treatment train that can give valuable information, while optimizing the treatment process. In this study, the determination of the hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (THP) and hydrophilic (HPI) NOM distribution was used in parallel with more related drinking water parameters to compare the selected waters. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was applied to evaluate the relative changes of molecular size distribution of NOM in different treatment steps and source waters. This showed that the quantity, speciation and activated carbon adsorption of DBPs could vary not only by water quality, but also by the distribution and properties of the organic molecules that comprise NOM.

Study on veterinary and human antibiotics in raw and treated water from a French basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1284
Author(s):  
A. Guillon ◽  
N. Noyon ◽  
C. Gogot ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
A. Bruchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Livestock Density

The aims of this work are to evaluate the presence of antibiotics in surface waters in a French water basin, where the presence of livestock is relatively important, and to understand the behaviour of antibiotics in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Two sampling sites were chosen because of their livestock density and the presence of DWTPs in areas where urban activities are different. A large range of veterinary and human antibiotics were analysed in raw and treated water from the French Seine-Normandy Basin, based on the development of two analytical methodologies using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clorsulon (an anthelmintic), fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides (such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine), tetracyclines and trimethoprim were detected in raw surface water. Regarding the efficiency of drinking water treatment, an ozone/granular activated carbon combination proved to be effective in removing most antibiotics except danofloxacin and enrofloxacin which have an ionisable character and insufficient ozonation kinetic constant. Chlorination proved to be ineffective in removing antibiotics passing through the previous stages.

scholarly journals Removal of estrogens and estrogenicity through drinking water treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Schenck ◽  
Laura Rosenblum ◽  
Thomas E. Wiese ◽  
Larry Wymer ◽  
Nicholas Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proliferation Assays ◽  
By Products

Estrogenic compounds have been shown to be present in surface waters, leading to concerns over their possible presence in finished drinking waters. In this work, two in vitro human cell line bioassays for estrogenicity were used to evaluate the removal of estrogens through conventional drinking water treatment using a natural water. Bench-scale studies utilizing chlorine, alum coagulation, ferric chloride coagulation, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were conducted using Ohio River water spiked with three estrogens, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, and estriol. Treatment of the estrogens with chlorine, either alone or with coagulant, resulted in approximately 98% reductions in the concentrations of the parent estrogens, accompanied by formation of by-products. The MVLN reporter gene and MCF-7 cell proliferation assays were used to characterize the estrogenic activity of the water before and after treatment. The observed estrogenic activities of the chlorinated samples showed that estrogenicity of the water was reduced commensurate with removal of the parent estrogen. Therefore, the estrogen chlorination by-products did not contribute appreciably to the estrogenic activity of the water. Coagulation alone did not result in significant removals of the estrogens. However, addition of PAC, at a typical drinking water plant dose, resulted in removals ranging from approximately 20 to 80%.

Polar Organic Pollutants on Their Way from Waste Water to Drinking Water

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fr. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
On Line

The examination of pollutants in waste-, surface- and drinking water by sum parameters like COD, BOD or TOC gives no information about their toxicity or behaviour in the drinking water treatment process. As many pollutants leaving sewage treatment plants are polar and/or thermolabile, gas Chromatographic (GC) separation coupled on-line with a mass spectrometer (MS) is not applicable to this problem. Newly established analytical methods like high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in on-line combination with mass- (MS) or tandem mass spectrometers (MS/MS) using soft ionization techniques like thermospray (TSP) would help to solve these problems. The comparison of GC- and LC/MS-spectra demonstrates increasing polarity beginning at the waste water treatment and ending at the drinking water treatment. It was possible to identify and quantify selected compounds, and elimination efficiency could be reviewed by comparing overview spectra. The knowledge about the existence of these compounds in waste-, surface- and drinking water requires strategies for elimination, avoidance or degradation.

Behaviour of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-NP1EO, 4-NP2EO) in oxidative water treatment processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lenz ◽  
V. Beck ◽  
M. Fuerhacker
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Estrogenic Potential ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Study Laboratory

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as natural and synthetic hormones or industrial chemicals can adversely affect the endocrine system at very low concentrations. As such substances can be present in raw water used for drinking-water production, they potentially pose a health risk to humans. In this study laboratory tests were performed to determine removal efficiencies of selected oxidative drinking water treatment processes, namely ozonation (1.4 mg/l O3) and chlorination, using sodium hypochlorite (0.5 mg/l NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (0.4-0.6 mg/l ClO2) under conditions applied in technical plants. 500-300,000 ng/l of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol-n-ethoxylates (NPnEO) were selected for investigations and measured by HPLC/FLD and HPLC/MS. To investigate possible oxidation by-products, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were determined and estrogenic activities were assessed with the help of an estrogen receptor binding assay (YES). Ozonation and chlorination with ClO2 removed both 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, corresponding with AOX and estrogenic activity. Concerning NPnEO ozonation removed NP1EO and NP2EO up to 28% and 30%, respectively, whereas ClO2 showed high removal efficiencies, eliminating >94% and 92%, respectively. NaClO removed 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, but estrogenic activities increased and AOX could be measured. NP1EO and NP2EO were only marginally reduced corresponding to the slight decrease of estrogenic potential.

Performance on Organic Pollution Removal of O3-IBAC in Advanced Drinking Water Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 784-787
Author(s):  
Chang Long Pang ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

Conventional drinking water treatment has low removal efficiencies for micro-organic pollutants, which made it important to study new technologies of water treatment. The purification efficiency and mechanisms of micro polluted drinking water by Ozone/Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon (O3/IBAC) was investigated. The GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) has become IBAC by using the twelve strains of efficient engineering bacterium. A GC/MS analysis revealed that conventional treatment processes could not remove micro-organic pollutants efficiently. The O3-IBAC has a high performance of the organic pollutants removal. 16 kinds of the organic pollutants have been removed completely after the process of IBAC, and the variety of the typical toxic pollutants has decreased from 6 to 2. The amount of the total organic pollutants of the IBAC effluent has decreased 89.7% while that in the conventional treatment effluent was less than 40%. The safety and health of drinking water can be ensured by the O3-IBAC process.

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