scholarly journals Sorption of Arsenic from Desalination Concentrate onto Drinking Water Treatment Solids: Operating Conditions and Kinetics

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Xu ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Charalambos Papelis ◽  
Pei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions

scholarly journals The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Beltrán ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Olga Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Radiation Sources

Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment (DWT) as a result of pathogen removal has always been an issue of special attention in the preparation of safe water. DBPs are formed by the action of oxidant-disinfectant chemicals, mainly chlorine derivatives (chlorine, hypochlorous acid, chloramines, etc.), that react with natural organic matter (NOM), mainly humic substances. DBPs are usually refractory to oxidation, mainly due to the presence of halogen compounds so that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recommended option to deal with their removal. In this work, the application of catalytic ozonation processes (with and without the simultaneous presence of radiation), moderately recent AOPs, for the removal of humic substances (NOM), also called DBPs precursors, and DBPs themselves is reviewed. First, a short history about the use of disinfectants in DWT, DBPs formation discovery and alternative oxidants used is presented. Then, sections are dedicated to conventional AOPs applied to remove DBPs and their precursors to finalize with the description of principal research achievements found in the literature about application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this sense, aspects such as operating conditions, reactors used, radiation sources applied in their case, kinetics and mechanisms are reviewed.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

Pilot scale evaluation of biofiltration as an innovative pre-treatment for ultrafiltration membranes for drinking water treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Huck ◽  
S. Peldszus ◽  
C. Hallé ◽  
H. Ruiz ◽  
X. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Ozone Addition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uf Membranes

Fouling remains one of the major constraints on the use of low pressure membranes in drinking water treatment. Work over the last few years has shown the importance of biopolymers (carbohydrates and protein-like material) as foulants for ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The purpose of this study was to investigate at pilot scale the use of rapid biofiltration (without prior coagulation or ozone addition) as an innovative pretreatment to reduce fouling of UF membranes. The investigation was carried out on a water with a higher than average DOC and significant temperature variation. The biofilters, each operated at a hydraulic loading of 5 m/h, had empty bed contact times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The membrane unit was operated at a flux equivalent to 60 LMH at 20°C. The investigation confirmed the encouraging results obtained in an earlier smaller scale study with essentially the same water. Increased biofiltration contact time (i.e. increased bed depth) led to lower rates of hydraulically irreversible fouling. The initial biofiltration backwash procedure, involving air scour as is common in chemically assisted filtration, led in some cases to an increased rate of membrane fouling immediately after the backwash. An alternative backwashing strategy was developed, however the feasibility of operating with this approach over very long periods of time needs to be confirmed. To assist in full-scale implementation of this “green” and simple pretreatment, the design and operating conditions for the biofilters should be optimized for various types of waters. It is expected that biofiltration pretreatment will be of particular interest for small and/or isolated systems where a higher initial capital cost may be acceptable because of operational simplicity and reduced chemical requirements.

scholarly journals Effects of dynamic operating conditions on nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson O. Lee ◽  
Rasmus Boe-Hansen ◽  
Sanin Musovic ◽  
Barth Smets ◽  
Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Dynamic Operating

Monitoring of biofouling on ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes by rapid enzyme activity assays

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
C. Sun ◽  
L. Fiksdal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Test Unit ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Membrane Biofouling

The biofouling of an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane unit applied for drinking water treatment was investigated under three different operating conditions, i.e. flux 50, 60 and 70 L m−2 h−1. The biofouling was monitored by analyzing the enzyme (esterase and peptidase) activity on the sacrificed membrane fibers of a test unit installed in the same reactor as the membrane pilot module. At a given flux, a decrease of membrane permeability generally corresponded to an increase of enzyme activity. Enzyme activity could therefore be used to predict the permeability decline and potentially be used for e.g. at-line monitoring of membrane biofouling.

scholarly journals Filtration Process and Alternative Filter Media Material in Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Anna Cescon ◽  
Jia-Qian Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Full Scale Tests

In drinking water treatment, filtration plays an important role in the multi-barrier approach employed for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. Therefore, high performance in the removal of particles achieved by granular filtration can increase the disinfection efficiency. Although sand is one of the major filter media, alternative media have been developed and used in recent years. In this review, the performance of alternative media is compared with traditional sand/anthracite for drinking water treatment. Advantages in the use of alternative media, especially glass media, have been found, including high filtration performance in removing residual particles and turbidity, minor modification requirements to the existing filtration configuration and slow head loss development. However, before the employment of them in industry, additional tests are recommended. In particular, full scale tests with variations in the operating conditions and analyses of pathogen removal should be performed. Moreover, this paper reviews the filtration processes and operating configurations which provide overall references to those who are studying and working in the field of water technology and treatment. In this paper, legislations/standards of safe drinking water are summarized as they are the driving force of developing new treatment technologies; mathematical modules for predicting the media filtration performance are briefed. Finally, future work on the application of alternative filter media is recommended.

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florica Manea ◽  
Anamaria Baciu ◽  
Aniela Pop ◽  
Katalin Bodor ◽  
Ilie Vlaicu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process
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