scholarly journals Simulation of Soil Water Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods under Different Straw Mulch Thickness Conditions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Yizhao Wei ◽  
Xiping Zhao ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Shuyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Thaw Period ◽  
Semi Arid

Straw mulching is an effective agricultural technology to reduce soil water loss in arid and semi-arid areas. Herein, the soil temperature and soil water content of bare land (LD) and 5 cm (JG5), 10 cm (JG10), 15 cm (JG15), 20 cm (JG20) and 30 cm (JG30) straw mulch thicknesses were measured through field experiments performed to assess the soil water evaporation using the simultaneous heat and water model during a freeze–thaw period. The results showed that the inhibiting effect of straw mulching on soil water evaporation during the freeze-thaw period reached 24–56.7%, and straw mulch reduced the range of daily soil water evaporation by 2.02–2.48 mm, the effects of random factors on the daily soil water evaporation were significantly decreased. The highest soil water evaporation rate occurs during the unstable freezing stage, and the lowest occurs during the stable freezing stage. When the straw mulch thickness exceeded 10 cm, the effect of increasing straw mulch thickness on daily soil water evaporation was reduced. The straw mulch layer could not completely inhibit the effect of the external environment on soil water evaporation even when the straw mulch thickness was increased to 30 cm. This research results can provide a basis for the scientific evaluation and prevention of soil water evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Straw Mulch on Soil Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xue Xie ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Chunyan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Semi Arid

Reducing soil evaporation is important to alleviate water shortages in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this work was to reveal the effect of straw mulch on soil evaporation based on field experiments during a freeze–thaw period in Northern China. Four soil surface mulch treatment modes were investigated: Bare soil (BS), 1 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J1), 2 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J2), and 2 cm thick straw mulch with 50% coverage rate (J3). Principal component analysis was used to analyze the major factors influencing soil evaporation in three freeze–thaw stages. The results show that cumulative soil evaporation decreased with increased straw mulch thickness and coverage rate. The effect of straw mulching on soil evaporation was obvious during the stable freezing period, and soil evaporation with straw mulch treatments was reduced by 49.0% to 58.8% compared to BS treatment, while there was little difference for straw mulch treatments in the thawing stage. The relationship between cumulative soil evaporation under different straw mulch modes and time was well fitted by the power function. In the unstable freezing stage, the major factors for all treatments influencing soil evaporation were surface soil temperature and water surface evaporation; in the stable stage, they were solar radiation and relative humidity, and in the thawing stage, they were solar radiation and air temperature. The research results can provide a basis for addressing soil water storage and moisture conservation and restraining ineffective soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Manure into Ridge and Furrow Planting System Boosts Yields of Maize by Optimizing Soil Moisture and Improving Photosynthesis

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhen Qin ◽  
Yanjie Fang ◽  
Dongfeng Ning ◽  
Zhandong Liu ◽  
Ben Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Planting System

A sustainable management strategy of soil fertility and cropping system is critical to guaranteeing food security. However, little is known about the effects of soil amendment strategies on crop growth via regulating soil moisture and photosynthesis in a ridge and furrow cropping system. Here, field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau, northwest China to investigate the effects of integrated use of ridge and furrow planting and manure amendment on grain yields of maize. Four treatments were designed: CK (flat planting with 100% chemical fertilizer), RFC (ridge and furrow planting with 100% chemical fertilizer), RFR (ridge and furrow planting with 100% control-released fertilizer), and RFM (ridge and furrow planting with 50% manure fertilizer + 50% N fertilizer). On average, RFM increased photosynthetic rates (Pn) by 74%, followed by RFR by 47%, and RFC by 26%, compared to CK. Also, stomatal conductance (Cd), transpiration rates (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were highest with RFM, followed by RFR and RFC. Averaged across the two years, RFM conserved 10% more soil water storage (SWS) than CK did at harvest, followed by RFR with an increment by 8%. However, RFC consumed more soil water than CK did, with its ETc 8% higher than CK. Consequently, spring maize treated with RFM suffered less drought stress, especially in 2017 when precipitation was insufficient. On average, grain yields and water use efficiency of RFM were increased by 18% and 27%, compared to CK. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that there existed significant positive correlation between SWS in top layers and grain yields, while SWS in deep layers had negative effects on grain yields. In conclusion, the incorporation of manure into ridge and furrow planting system can be an efficient agronomic practice to improve plant photosynthesis, optimize soil moisture, and boost grain yields in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau, northwest China.

scholarly journals The Soil Water Evaporation Process from Mountains Based on the Stable Isotope Composition in a Headwater Basin and Northwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Yong ◽  
Guofeng Zhu ◽  
Qiaozhuo Wan ◽  
Yuanxiao Xu ◽  
Zhuanxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Evaporation Loss

Soil water is a link between different water bodies. The study of soil water evaporation is of great significance to understand the regional hydrological process, promote environmental remediation in arid areas, and rationalize ecological water use. On the basis of soil water δ2H and δ18O data from April to October 2017 in the Xiying River basin in the upper reaches of the Qilian mountains, the lc-excess and Craig-Gordon model were applied to reflect the evaporating fractionation of soil water. The results show that the change in evaporation loss drives the enrichment of soil water isotopes. The signal of evaporative fractionation of soil water isotopes at different elevations has spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From the perspective of time dynamics, the evaporation loss of the whole region during the observation period was affected by temperature before July, while after July, it was controlled jointly by temperature and humidity, evaporation was weakened. Soil salt content and vegetation played an important role in evaporation loss. In terms of spatial dynamics, the soil moisture evaporation at the Xiying (2097 m) and Huajian (2390 m) stations in the foothills area is larger than that at the Nichan station (2721 m) on the hillside and Lenglong station (3637 m) on the mountain top. The surface soil water evaporation is strong, and the evaporation becomes weak with the increase of depth. The research has guiding significance for the restoration and protection of vegetation in arid areas and the formulation of reasonable animal husbandry policies.

Sizing Methodology of Floating Photovoltaic Plants in Dams of Semi-Arid Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Jonas Platini Reges ◽  
Paulo C M Carvalho ◽  
José Carlos de Araújo ◽  
Tatiane Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Reliability Level ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Photovoltaic Plants ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Floating photovoltaic (FPV) plants in reservoirs can contribute to reduce water evaporation, increase power generation efficiency, due to the cooling process, and reduce competitiveness in land use. Based on this motivation we propose a new methodology for sizing FPV plants in dams of semi-arid regions by using the Flood Duration Curve (FDC). The methodology innovations are: no use of commercial software, the possibility of choosing the reliability level, the application in reservoirs of semi-arid areas of the world and the use of a graphic analysis of the reservoir hydrological behavior. The case studies in the Brazilian and Australian semi-arid consider two scenarios: high reliability level (90%, scenario 1) and low reliability level (70%, scenario 2). The reliability level is linked to the electricity production; the evaporation reduction is proportional to the FPV plant area.

A field study of depletion-replenish water storage mechanism in tree stems in semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
Qunou Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Stem Water Storage ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Tree Stem

<p>Trees in arid and semi-arid regions are faced with water shortages at most times, and the use of water storage in tree stem is an important mechanism and pathway for adaptation to drought. In this research, we have explored the tree saplings in semi-arid areas by continuous monitoring and analysis of the sap flux at stem top and stem breast, in the main growth season. A primary objective is to find out when and how trees use stem water storage as a reservoir, and more specifically if there is a difference in stem flow start time between stem top and stem breast. Our study shows that in sunny day of the growing season, the sap flow at stem top start time is later than the sap flow at stem breast, with the maximum of time lag about 60 mins, and the daily sap flow peak time of stem top is later than that of the stem breast by 1-2 hrs. The maximum daily flux at stem top is about 1.4-2.1 times greater than that at stem breast. Stem water storage increases the drought tolerance of trees. The depletion stage of stem water storage mainly occurs in early morning, and then enters the replenishing phase in the afternoon. In a sunny day, with the increase of soil water deficit with relative extractable water (REW) (or the relative effective soil water index) less than 0.43, demand for water storage of stem is more significant, and its role is mainly based on the depletion process. When the soil moisture condition is improved, the process is dominated by replenishing. From the results of continuous observations throughout the growing season, the depleting and replenishing processes can achieve equilibrium in a short period of time (like a few days). This research has advanced our understanding of the utilization mechanism of tree stem storage water in semi-arid areas.</p>

Effect of integrating straw into agricultural soils on soil infiltration and evaporation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Cao ◽  
Changming Liu ◽  
Wanjun Zhang ◽  
Yunlong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Straw Mulching

Soil water movement is a critical consideration for crop yield in straw-integrated fields. This study used an indoor soil column experiment to determine soil infiltration and evaporation characteristics in three forms of direct straw-integrated soils (straw mulching, straw mixing and straw inter-layering). Straw mulching is covering the land surface with straw. Straw mixing is mixing straw with the top 10 cm surface soil. Then straw inter-layering is placing straw at the 20 cm soil depth. There are generally good correlations among the mulch integration methods at p < 0.05, and with average errors/biases <10%. Straw mixing exhibited the best effect in terms of soil infiltration, followed by straw mulching. Due to over-burden weight-compaction effect, straw inter-layering somehow retarded soil infiltration. In terms of soil water evaporation, straw mulching exhibited the best effect. This was followed by straw mixing and then straw inter-layering. Straw inter-layering could have a long-lasting positive effect on soil evaporation as it limited the evaporative consumption of deep soil water. The responses of the direct straw integration modes to soil infiltration and evaporation could lay the basis for developing efficient water-conservation strategies. This is especially useful for water-scarce agricultural regions such as the arid/semi-arid regions of China.

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