scholarly journals Isolation of Efficient Metal-Binding Bacteria from Boreal Peat Soils and Development of Microbial Biosorbents for Improved Nickel Scavenging

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2000
Author(s):  
Hanna Virpiranta ◽  
Michal Banasik ◽  
Sanna Taskila ◽  
Tiina Leiviskä ◽  
Maiju Halttu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Hybrid Sorbent ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
The Media

Boreal peatlands with low iron availability are a potential, but rarely studied, source for the isolation of bacteria for applications in metal sorption. The present research focused on the isolation and identification of Actinobacteria from northern Finland, which can produce siderophores for metal capture. The 16S rDNA analysis showed that isolated strains belonged to Firmicutes (Bacillus sp.) and Actinobacteria (Microbacterium sp.). The culture most efficiently producing siderophores in the widest array of the media was identified as Microbacterium sp. The most appropriate media for siderophore production by the Microbacterium strain were those prepared with glucose supplemented with asparagine or glutamic acid, and those prepared with glycerol or fructose supplemented with glutamic acid. The microorganism obtained and its siderophores were used to develop Sphagnum moss-based hybrid biosorbents. It was showed that the hybrid sorbent could bind nickel ions and that the nickel removal was enhanced by the presence of siderophores. Bacterial cells did not have a significant effect on sorption efficiency compared to the use of siderophores alone. The microbial biosorbent could be applied in the final effluent treatment stage for wastewater with low metal concentrations.

scholarly journals First Report of Xylella fastidiosa on Catharanthus roseus in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ueno ◽  
C. K. Funada ◽  
M. A. Yorinori ◽  
R. P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The U.S

In 1998, plants of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) showing small leaves, short internodes, and dieback symptoms were observed in a garden at the Instituto Agronomico do Parana (IAPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil. Stems of these plants were cut into short sections and the sap extracted from the tissue by squeezing with pliers. The sap was blotted onto a glass slide and examined for the presence of bacteria by light microscopy (×400). Microscopy observations revealed the presence of a large number of slender, rod-shaped bacterial cells. The bacteria present in the stems of periwinkle were isolated on buffered cysteine-yeast extract (BCYE) and periwinkle wilt (PW) agar media. Stems were disinfected in 70% alcohol and cut into short sections, and the sap extracted as described above. The sap was blotted directly onto the media and the plates were incubated at 28°C. Typical colonies of Xylella fastidiosa were observed 10 days after isolation on both media. Indirect immunofluorescence tests with antibody specific to X. fastidiosa and anti-IgG conjugated with tetrametylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) were carried out with xylem sap of periwinkle stem and the isolated bacteria. In both cases, immunofluorescence tests were positive for X. fastidiosa. These results confirm that periwinkle plants were infected with X. fastidiosa. This is the first report of the association of X. fastidiosa with periwinkle plants in Brazil. However, the symptoms observed for the X. fastidiosa-infected periwinkle plants differed from those described previously in the U.S. (1): those symptoms consisted of marginal chlorosis and occasional vein clearing of leaves and wilting of the plants. Reference: (1) R. E. McCoy et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:1022, 1978.

scholarly journals Quantification of polysaccharides fixed to Gram stained slides using lactophenol cotton blue and digital image processing

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Ericksen
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cotton Blue ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
The Media ◽  
Light Staining ◽  
Dark Blue

Indigo rings and circles emerged when I added the non-specific polysaccharide stain lactophenol cotton blue to Gram stained slides. I attribute the dark blue staining to the presence of capsular polysaccharides and bacterial slime associated with clumps of Gram-negative bacteria.  Since all bacterial cells are glycosylated and concentrate polysaccharides from the media, the majority of cells stain light blue. The contrast between dark and light staining is sufficient to enable a digital image processing thresholding technique to be quantitative with little background noise. Prior to the addition of lactophenol cotton blue, the Gram-stained slides appeared unremarkable, lacking ubiquitous clumps or stained polysaccharides.  Adding lactophenol cotton blue to Gram stained slides is a quick and inexpensive way to screen cell cultures for bacterial slime, clumps and biofilms that are invisible using the Gram stain alone.

scholarly journals α-Lactalbumin, Amazing Calcium-Binding Protein

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Molten Globule ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Practical Applications

α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is a small (Mr 14,200), acidic (pI 4–5), Ca2+-binding protein. α-LA is a regulatory component of lactose synthase enzyme system functioning in the lactating mammary gland. The protein possesses a single strong Ca2+-binding site, which can also bind Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, K+, and some other metal cations. It contains several distinct Zn2+-binding sites. Physical properties of α-LA strongly depend on the occupation of its metal binding sites by metal ions. In the absence of bound metal ions, α-LA is in the molten globule-like state. The binding of metal ions, and especially of Ca2+, increases stability of α-LA against the action of heat, various denaturing agents and proteases, while the binding of Zn2+ to the Ca2+-loaded protein decreases its stability and causes its aggregation. At pH 2, the protein is in the classical molten globule state. α-LA can associate with membranes at neutral or slightly acidic pH at physiological temperatures. Depending on external conditions, α-LA can form amyloid fibrils, amorphous aggregates, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. Some of these aggregated states of α-LA can be used in practical applications such as drug delivery to tissues and organs. α-LA and some of its fragments possess bactericidal and antiviral activities. Complexes of partially unfolded α-LA with oleic acid are cytotoxic to various tumor and bacterial cells. α-LA in the cytotoxic complexes plays a role of a delivery carrier of cytotoxic fatty acid molecules into tumor and bacterial cells across the cell membrane. Perhaps in the future the complexes of α-LA with oleic acid will be used for development of new anti-cancer drugs.

Notes on the biology of some native orchids of Thunder Bay, their endophytes and symbionts

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Harvais
Keyword(s):  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
The Media ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Inorganic Components

Field studies were made of eight terrestrial orchid species of the Thunder Bay region during their active growing period. In four of them roots were examined for infection, then isolation and identification of endophytes attempted.Seeds were collected from all species and, along with those of two alien ones, were grown on various media in axenic culture. Their germination and development were studied and described.Seeds were also tested in dixenic cultures with locally isolated endophytes and four fungi known to be good symbionts with other orchids. The nature of infection was finally assessed and discussed.In the field the roots of mature plants of the orchid species differed in their degree of infection and reaction to their endophytes. Only two species of Rhizoctonia were isolated. These are described.In axenic culture, germination of some species was affected by the organic (and inorganic) components of the media, in others it was not. For growth they all responded differently to such components, but most were intolerant of casamino acids, yeast extract, and potato extract. Generally there seemed to be a direct correlation between percentage of germination and amounts of subsequent growth, but a less defined one with the number of cells per seed.In dixenic cultures the orchids responded differently also to the fungi. Their reaction to infection had no relation to their ability to germinate on poor media or to germinate and grow on richer ones. Only one good symbiotic association was established. It was between Goodyera oblongifolia from British Columbia and Rs10, a rice pathogen from Malaysia.The results and their implications are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of metallothionein isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2) in the rat testis

1998 ◽  
Vol 334 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko S. SUZUKI ◽  
Naomi KODAMA ◽  
Andrei MOLOTKOV ◽  
Etsuko AOKI ◽  
Chiharu TOHYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Heavy Metal Binding ◽  
Protein Fragmentation ◽  
Male Genital

It has been a long-lasting controversial issue as to whether or not the male genital organs, such as the testis and prostate, contain metallothioneins (MTs), a group of cysteine-rich heavy-metal-binding proteins that play a role in detoxifying heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). Earlier studies reported that the rodent testis lacks MTs and concluded that this is why the testis is very susceptible to Cd, although other indirect experimental evidence suggests that MTs are present in this organ. A deficiency of MTs in the testis was originally suspected on the basis of amino acid composition analysis, since MT-like proteins isolated as Cd-binding proteins did not have a characteristic MT structure. In the present study, we demonstrate that the rat testis indeed expresses Cd-binding proteins with sequences identical to those previously described for MT-1 and MT-2, the major isoforms. To confirm that MT-1 and MT-2 are present in the rat testis, we purified and isolated Cd-binding proteins by homogenization using Cd-containing buffer, followed by sequential purification using Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and anion HPLC column chromatography, which yielded Cd-binding protein-1 (Cd-BP-1) and -2 (Cd-BP-2). After pyridylethylation, Cd-BP-1 and Cd-BP-2 were subjected to specific protein fragmentation by acids and endopeptidases, which revealed that these Cd-binding proteins have the same primary structures as MT-1 and MT-2 respectively. Thus we believe that the present results clearly resolve the long-standing debate about the presence of MTs in the testis, at least in the rodent.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION ON DEGRADATOR BACTERIUM OF PETROLEUM WASTE WHICH SYMBIONS WITH SPONGE FROM MELAWAI BEACH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Alfian Noor ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Petroleum Waste ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Type Activity ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
The Media ◽  
Waste Degradation

The research has been done about isolation and identification on degradator bacterium of petroleum waste which symbions with sponge from Melawai Beach, Balikpapan. The research objectives; knowing sponge species, symbioning bacterium isolate and its ability of petroleum waste degradation. The research method were analysis of sponge Morphology analysis, isolation of symbions bacterium, identification, and activity testing at petroleum waste media which is coming from wells result of processing of PT. Chevron. The research result obtained the morphology analysis concluded that the sponges is Callyspongia sp. Bacterium symbion isolation obtained that two isolates which were given each symbols isolate A with the rounded shape and crem color whereas isolate B with yellow color and jagged shape. Coloring analysis of isolate obtained that isolate A is negative gram bacterium type and isolate B is positive gram bacterium type. Activity isolate testing at petroleum waste media, isolate A did not grow significantly at the media which marked with the existence of layer transparent on the media, isolate B growth significantly which marked with existence of solidity on the media, and the combination of isolate A+B also showed growth which marked with the existence of layer transparent and solidity on media. The conclusions research, sponge species is Callyspongia sp which contained two isolates bacterium namely negative gram bacterium and positive gram bacterium and both of the isolates can grow at media of petroleum waste.

scholarly journals Modification of heavy metals toxicity by Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. N27P72 and Nostoc sp. FB71 in Culture Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Ghorbani ◽  
Bahareh Nowruzi ◽  
Mssomeh NejadAli ◽  
Azadeh Hekmat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Purpose: Cyanobacteria are ecologically relevant prokaryotes that can be found in environments contaminated with heavy metals. As their photosynthetic machinery imposes high demands for metals, homeostasis of these micronutrients has been extensively considered in cyanobacteria. So far, most studies have focused on treatment of wastewaters using microalgae leads to remarkable reduction of an array of organic and inorganic nutrients, but what takes place in the extracellular environment when cells are exposed to external supplementation with heavy metals remains largely unknown. Methods: Here, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in strains Nostoc sp. N27P72 and Nostoc sp. FB71 isolated from different habitats are reported and compared. Cultures of both strains, supplemented with either glucose, sucrose, lactose or maltose showed that production of EPS and cell dry weight was boosted by maltose supplementation. Result: Nostoc sp. N27P72 which was isolated from lime stones was higher, resulting in 9.1 ± 0.05 µg/ml and 1.01 ± 0.06 g/l in EPS and cell dry. The cell cultures tested for their ability to remove Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) in media culture containing the maltose and without maltose as control culture. Remarkably, we showed that although these elements can be toxic, supplementing the media culture can effectively sequester their toxic effects by increasing the production of EPSs, carbohydrates and total soluble proteins in comparison to control. The crude EPS showed metal adsorption capacity assuming the order Ni(II)> Cu(II)> Cr(III) from metal-binding experiments. Nickel was preferentially biosorbed with a maximal uptake of 188.8 ± 0.14 mg (g cell dry wt) -1 crude EPS. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed treatment with Ni made changes in the functional groups and glycoside linkages in both strains. Results of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to determine the biochemical composition of Nostoc sp. N27P72 showed that strong Ni(II) removal capability is suspected to be associated with the high Cyclotrisiloxane and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid content. Conclusion: The results of these investigates specified that strains Nostoc sp. N27P72 is good candidates for the commercial production of EPS and might be utilized in bioremediation field as an alternative to synthetic and abiotic flocculants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Binding Sites and Optimization of Cell Free Bacteria Condition for Metal Bio-Sorbents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mostafa G. Fadl ◽  
Zenat Kamel Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Charge Interaction

Bacteria a Microscopic organisms are the most inexhaustible and flexible of microorganisms and constitute a huge division of the whole living earthly biomass, certain microorganisms were found to amass metallic components at a high limit Was Known as Bacterial Bio-sorption Due to their little size, capacity to become under controlled conditions, and their Accommodation to an extensive variety of ecological situations; Potent metal bio-sorbents among microorganisms, at low pH esteems, cell divider ligands are protonated and contend essentially with metals for official. With expanding pH, more ligands, such as amino and carboxyl groups, could be exposed, leading to attraction between these negative charges and the metals, and consequently increment bio-sorption onto the cell surface. Starting with Isolation and identification of heavy metal-resistant bacteria from rock Ore. Studying Factors Affecting Uranium Bio-sorption, Optimization of bacterial growth conditions and optimum for metal uptake by free and immobilized bacterial cells and Desorption ratio of uranium ions adsorbed by Coli. /alginate, All this evidence suggest that functions groups Represented in our study are responsible for metal uptake in our bacterial biomass beside change in peaks position which assigned for it's groups confirm bio-sorption of metal ions from waste due to ions charge interaction comparing with immobilized we found increase in no of binding sites indicate that immobilized bacterial have high efficiency for metal up take which also change in peaks position which assigned for its groups confirm bio-sorption of metal ions from waste due to ions charge interaction, Where the high bio-sorption yield obtained by bacteria, the Uranium & heavy metal bioremediation process expects microorganisms to be joined to a strong surface.

scholarly journals Mycoflora Associated with Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) from Ad Darb, Jizan, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Syeda Fatima Manzelat
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Disease Forecasting ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Media

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a very important and commonly growing tree found in Saudi Arabia. The fruit is nutritionally important and adds to the economy of the country. Isolation and identification of the phytopathogenic mycoflora is an important tool in the diagnosis of the pathogenic genera which are damaging to the palm under study. This is the first attempt to isolate and identify the phytopathogenic fungal flora found on the phylloplane and other plant parts of date palm from Ad Darb region of Jizan province during the year 2018. The media employed for the study was Potato Dextrose Agar on which 0.5 cm direct pieces of the diseased parts (phylloplane, fruit, rachis and trunk) of the date palm were inoculated. The isolated fungi were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively and the results interpreted in the form of table, bar diagram and photomicrographs. The mycoflora is represented by Aspergillus, Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Fusarium, Graphiola, Penicillium, Rhizopus ,Saprolegnia and Syncephalastrum. One hundred and fifty four fungal isolates were obtained from the nine represented genera. Aspergillus was the predominant genera with seventy four isolates. This study will help in the protection and conservation of this very important plant in the province. The study can also help the plant pathologist in disease forecasting and effective monitoring of the different diseases of the date palm thereby helping in the management and minimization of economic loss.

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