scholarly journals Groundwater Contribution to Sewer Network Baseflow in an Urban Catchment-Case Study of Pin Sec Catchment, Nantes, France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Fabrice Rodriguez ◽  
Amélie-Laure Le Delliou ◽  
Hervé Andrieu ◽  
Jorge Gironás
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Groundwater Contribution

Sewer systems affect urban soil characteristics and subsoil water flow. The direct connection observed between baseflow in sewer systems under drainage infiltrations and piezometric levels influences the hydrological behavior of urban catchments, and must consequently be considered in the hydrologic modeling of urban areas. This research studies the groundwater contribution to sewer networks by first characterizing the phenomenon using experimental data recorded on a small urban catchment in Nantes (France). Then, the model MODFLOW was used to simulate the infiltration of groundwater into a sewer network and model dry weather flows at an urban catchment scale. This application of MODFLOW requires representing, in a simplified way, the interactions between the soil and the sewer trench, which acts as a drain. Observed average groundwater levels were satisfactorily simulated by the model while the baseflow dynamics is well reproduced. Nonetheless, soil parameters resulted to be very sensitive, and achieving good results for joint groundwater levels and baseflow was not possible.

Quantification of sewer system infiltration using δ18O hydrograph separation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prigiobbe ◽  
M. Giulianelli
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Conservative Tracer ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Sewer Networks

The infiltration of parasitical water into two sewer systems in Rome (Italy) was quantified during a dry weather period. Infiltration was estimated using the hydrograph separation method with two water components and δ18O as a conservative tracer. The two water components were groundwater, the possible source of parasitical water within the sewer, and drinking water discharged into the sewer system. This method was applied at an urban catchment scale in order to test the effective water-tightness of two different sewer networks. The sampling strategy was based on an uncertainty analysis and the errors have been propagated using Monte Carlo random sampling. Our field applications showed that the method can be applied easily and quickly, but the error in the estimated infiltration rate can be up to 20%. The estimated infiltration into the recent sewer in Torraccia is 14% and can be considered negligible given the precision of the method, while the old sewer in Infernetto has an estimated infiltration of 50%.

A methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the sewer network model SWMM 5.1 based on dynamic link libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3017-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Leandro ◽  
Ricardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Dynamic Link

Abstract Pluvial flooding in urban areas is characterized by a gradually varying inundation process caused by surcharge of the sewer manholes. Therefore urban flood models need to simulate the interaction between the sewer network and the overland flow in order to accurately predict the flood inundation extents. In this work we present a methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the storm sewer model SWMM 5. SWMM 5 is a well-known free open-source code originally developed in 1971. The latest major release saw its structure re-written in C ++ allowing it to be compiled as a command line executable or through a series of calls made to function inside a dynamic link library (DLL). The methodology developed herein is written inside the same DLL in C + +, and is able to simulate the bi-directional interaction between both models during simulation. Validation is done in a real case study with an existing urban flood coupled model. The novelty herein is that the new methodology can be added to SWMM without the need for editing SWMM's original code. Furthermore, it is directly applicable to other coupled overland flow models aiming to use SWMM 5 as the sewer network model.

Assessing the potential of using telecommunication microwave links in urban drainage modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fencl ◽  
J. Rieckermann ◽  
M. Schleiss ◽  
D. Stránský ◽  
V. Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Flow Prediction ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The ability to predict the runoff response of an urban catchment to rainfall is crucial for managing drainage systems effectively and controlling discharges from urban areas. In this paper we assess the potential of commercial microwave links (MWL) to capture the spatio-temporal rainfall dynamics and thus improve urban rainfall-runoff modelling. Specifically, we perform numerical experiments with virtual rainfall fields and compare the results of MWL rainfall reconstructions to those of rain gauge (RG) observations. In a case study, we are able to show that MWL networks in urban areas are sufficiently dense to provide good information on spatio-temporal rainfall variability and can thus considerably improve pipe flow prediction, even in small subcatchments. In addition, the better spatial coverage also improves the control of discharges from urban areas. This is especially beneficial for heavy rainfall, which usually has a high spatial variability that cannot be accurately captured by RG point measurements.

Network based controller systems for pre-conditioning of waste water in sewer systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Franke ◽  
Marina Ettl ◽  
Tim Corben ◽  
Guido Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Technical Solutions

Sewer network odour emissions have become a focus due to environmental regulations and, in the case Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) induced corrosion, due to safety and sustainability. For these reasons the establishment of emission treatment is recommended. Sewer emission treatment focuses on local solutions rather than sewer-wide network treatment. The dosing of chemicals for this purpose is usually done section-wise. Obviously there is optimization potential when sewers are understood and treated as networks. Preventive treatment can be optimized by information from downstream and curative treatment by information from upstream. Such concepts demand communication technology and monitoring of several parameters at various locations in the sewer network. In the presented case study a digital communications network is used to control H2S emissions and fat, oil and grease (FOG) disposal in a sewer network. Moreover it was shown that technical solutions are available to use sewers as controlled reactors rather than just let them be a source of problems. An overview of today's standard dosing systems and strategies for odour and corrosion control is also given.

Towards a distributed physically based model description of the urban aquatic environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
L.-G. Gustafsson ◽  
S. Winberg ◽  
A. Refsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Mike She ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
The Village

MIKE SHE, a distributed physically based 3D modelling package, has recently been applied in the urban modelling area through a research project in Sweden, funded by the Swedish Water and Wastewater Works Association. The overall goal was to test if it is possible to describe the surrounding geohydrological processes and their interaction with the sewer network, similar to the way dynamic pipe flow modelling can give a detailed description of the hydraulics. The project was carried out in Vittskövle, a village outside the City of Kristianstad, Sweden. The village has extreme inflows to its treatment plant due to large amounts of groundwater infiltration into the sewer network. A MIKE SHE model was built and verified successfully for the catchment. Simulations were carried out in order to evaluate the effects from historical measures and alternative future alleviation schemes. The results indicate among others, that the construction of a new alternative drainage scheme would make it possible to reduce the inflow to the plant by as much as 75% without risk of increased groundwater levels. The application of MIKE SHE in Vittskövle shows expressively the possibilities and applicability of the model in urban areas. Compared with more simple conceptual models, MIKE SHE provides the possibility to analyse the effects from future changes in the geohydrological system.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use and Runoff on Stream Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia S. Karlsen ◽  
Mogens R. Flindt ◽  
Melanie J. Sønderup ◽  
Martin H. Madsen ◽  
Sara Egemose
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Invertebrate Composition ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Stream Quality ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Climate changes, intensive agricultural production, and expanding urban areas make the study of runoff and its possible impact on stream quality increasingly important. In this study, we examined large datasets concerning catchment type, stream quality, and invertebrate composition in a comprehensive geographic information system study. The aim was to examine correlations between land use type and quality of the receiving waters to detect possible differences in anthropogenic impacts. The studied area covered 937 km2, and the dataset included 1672 stretches of streams and data from 468 fauna sampling stations. Runoff from agricultural areas more negatively influenced the stream quality than runoff from urban areas. Considering urban catchments, the areas with separate sewer systems generally influenced the stream quality less than catchments with combined sewer systems. In conclusion, the catchment of any specific stream must contain an area with a minimum of 20–30% without agriculture or urban areas to obtain good ecological status; when focusing only on the riparian zone (10 m on each side of the stream), a minimum of 40–55% is needed to create a good ecological status. Therefore, management focus on the entire catchment is important and separate sewers should be preferred rather than combined sewers.

scholarly journals Geographic Location System for Identifying Urban Road Sections Sensitive to Runoff Accumulation

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Daniel Jato-Espino ◽  
Shray Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Location System ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Precipitation Loss ◽  
The City

This paper concerns the design of a geographic location system to identify urban road sections susceptible to runoff accumulation through the analysis of the efficiency of surface drainage networks. To this end, a combination of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and stormwater models was proposed. First, GIS hydrology tools were employed to generate all the information required to characterise urban catchments geometrically. Then, a synthetic storm was created from precipitation data obtained through spatial interpolation for a given return period. Finally, the three main hydrological processes occurring in catchments (precipitation loss, transformation and routing) were simulated using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The system was tested through a case study of an urban catchment located in the city of Santander (Spain). The results demonstrate its usefulness in detecting critical points in terms of runoff accumulation, according to the efficiency of the existing surface drainage network.

Fat, oil and grease - Sewer contamination prevention strategies and double-dosage concept for fat traps and pressure mains

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Franke ◽  
Marina Ettl ◽  
Daniel Roldan ◽  
Guido Kuhn ◽  
Anne Mette Langholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Disposal of fat, oil and grease (FOG) in sewer systems cause blockages, fatal errors of pumping stations, increased maintenance, odours, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions and corrosion. Hence, solutions to prevent FOG disposals are desirable. Challenges are prevention of FOG contamination of sewer systems and removal of FOG disposals. A survey and lab as well as full scale tests were performed. In the first place fat traps and grease inceptors should be installed to prevent FOG contamination what is documented as being very effective. A case study shows that the operation of fat traps may indeed produce further problems, especially H2S emissions, what demands an additional treatment. Removal of FOG disposals can be handled by applying enzymes to the affected sewer network. It was found that enzymes are preferable towards surfactants to remove FOG disposals. It appears to be a solution to have one dosing site that is equipped with separately controlled dosing pumps for conditioners for H2S removal as well as FOG removal.

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