scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Fine Fractions (<63.MU.m) of Street Dust as Nonpoint Pollution Source of River and Sewer Systems in Urban Areas-A Case Study for Nagoya City-

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro SUGITANI ◽  
Akiko NOMURA ◽  
Masayo MINAMI ◽  
Hirokazu KATO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
Sewer Systems

scholarly journals Inorganic Chemical Composition of Fine Particulates in Medium-Sized Urban Areas: A Case Study of Brazilian Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Beal ◽  
Camila A. Bufato ◽  
Daniela S. de Almeida ◽  
Rafaela Squizzato ◽  
Adriana Zemiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particulates ◽  
Inorganic Chemical

scholarly journals Conventional Sewer Systems Are Too Time-Consuming, Costly and Inflexible to Meet the Challenges of the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Öberg ◽  
Geneviève S. Metson ◽  
Yusuke Kuwayama ◽  
Steven A. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

There is an urgent need for innovation in the sanitation sector because the conventional model (toilet-to-sewer-to-treatment) is too time-consuming and costly, and alternatives are lacking. We estimate the challenge ahead by developing scenarios for 60 of the fastest-growing urban conglomerates in the World. We find that the majority would need to build out their sewer systems at a rate that is ten to 50 times higher than the highest rate for any project in the World Bank’s database, which is unrealistic. We also carry out a case study of Lagos, Nigeria, which suggests that, in any given year, 14–37% of Lagos State’s budget would need to be invested to provide sanitation to the presently underserviced population while keeping up with population growth, which also is unrealistic. Our study provides clear evidence that the conventional model for sanitation is unworkable for rapidly growing urban areas. We conclude there is an urgent need to encourage and fund projects that promote innovations that can tackle the three core challenges: can be built sufficiently quickly, are flexible, and affordable. This is not likely to happen unless the future generation is systematically trained and educated to creatively support innovation in sustainable sanitation.

scholarly journals Groundwater Contribution to Sewer Network Baseflow in an Urban Catchment-Case Study of Pin Sec Catchment, Nantes, France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Fabrice Rodriguez ◽  
Amélie-Laure Le Delliou ◽  
Hervé Andrieu ◽  
Jorge Gironás
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Groundwater Contribution

Sewer systems affect urban soil characteristics and subsoil water flow. The direct connection observed between baseflow in sewer systems under drainage infiltrations and piezometric levels influences the hydrological behavior of urban catchments, and must consequently be considered in the hydrologic modeling of urban areas. This research studies the groundwater contribution to sewer networks by first characterizing the phenomenon using experimental data recorded on a small urban catchment in Nantes (France). Then, the model MODFLOW was used to simulate the infiltration of groundwater into a sewer network and model dry weather flows at an urban catchment scale. This application of MODFLOW requires representing, in a simplified way, the interactions between the soil and the sewer trench, which acts as a drain. Observed average groundwater levels were satisfactorily simulated by the model while the baseflow dynamics is well reproduced. Nonetheless, soil parameters resulted to be very sensitive, and achieving good results for joint groundwater levels and baseflow was not possible.

scholarly journals Impacts of onsite greywater reuse on wastewater systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1862-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Penn ◽  
Manfred Schütze ◽  
Jens Alex ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Together with significant water savings that onsite greywater reuse (GWR) may provide, it may also affect the performance of urban sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to examine these effects, an integrated stochastic simulation system for GWR in urban areas was developed. The model includes stochastic generators of domestic wastewater streams and gross solids (GSs), a sewer network model which includes hydrodynamic simulation and a GS transport module, and a dynamic process model of the WWTP. The developed model was applied to a case study site in Israel. For the validation of the sewer simulator, field experiments in a real sewer segment were conducted. The paper presents the integration and implementation of these modules and depicts the results of the effects of various GWR scenarios on GS movement in sewers and on the performance of the WWTP.

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of Vietnamese Adults: A Case Study for Hanoi and Nghe An

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Nguyen Dang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Literacy Level

This research examines the factors affecting the financial literacy of Vietnamese adults. Using a sample of 266 observations of adults in 2 big cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Vinh in Nghe An Province), the author evaluates the literacy level of adults in these urban areas. The financial literacy of the interviewed people is low. The multiple regression results show that lower financial literacy levels associate with higher age and married status and higher financial literacy levels associate with higher education, more family members, the person making financial decisions and the person attending a useful financial course. This research also explores the association between financial literacy and financial behaviors of individuals employing logistic models. It is found that higher financial literacy associates with less probability of overspending and higher probability of saving money and careful spending. Higher financial literacy is also found to associate with higher probability of opening a savings account and making various investments. 

Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iwai ◽  
Y. Oshino ◽  
T. Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

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