scholarly journals Quantitative PCR Detection of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater and Environmental Water Sources by the Lisbon Municipality: A Case Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Teixeira ◽  
Sílvia Costa ◽  
Bárbara Brown ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent

Current regulations and legislation require critical revision to determine safety for alternative water sources and water reuse as part of the solution to global water crisis. In order to fulfill those demands, Lisbon municipality decided to start water reuse as part of a sustainable hydric resources management, and there was a need to confirm safety and safeguard for public health for its use in this context. For this purpose, a study was designed that included a total of 88 samples collected from drinking, superficial, underground water, and wastewater at three different treatment stages. Quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection (qPCR) of enteric viruses Norovirus (NoV) genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) and Hepatitis A (HepA) was performed, and also FIB (E. coli, enterococci and fecal coliforms) concentrations were assessed. HepA virus was only detected in one untreated influent sample, whereas NoV GI/ NoV GI were detected in untreated wastewater (100/100%), secondary treated effluent (47/73%), and tertiary treated effluent (33/20%). Our study proposes that NoV GI and GII should be further studied to provide the support that they may be suitable indicators for water quality monitoring targeting wastewater treatment efficiency, regardless of the level of treatment.

scholarly journals Recovery and Detection of Enteric Viruses from Non-Traditional Irrigation Water Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brienna L. Anderson-Coughlin ◽  
Kalmia E. Kniel
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Traditional Irrigation

The variability of environmental water samples impacts the allowance of one method to be universally ideal for all water types and volumes. Surface and reclaimed waters can be used for crop irrigation and may be referred to as non-traditional irrigation waters as these water types may be associated with a higher risk of microbial contamination compared to groundwater. These waters are typically more microbially and chemically complex than groundwater and have a higher risk of viral contamination. To detect viruses in these water types, an infinite number of variations can be made to traditional recovery methods. This protocol was developed based on a commonly used virus adsorption and elution (VIRADEL) method. Additional steps were included to simplify and efficiently reduce particulates in the viral concentrate and remove DNA from eluted nucleic acids prior to detection. Method alterations allow for volumes up to 40 liters to be processed with consistent recovery of enteric viruses including Aichi virus, hepatitis A virus, and noroviruses belonging to genogroups GI and GII. No inhibition was observed among either surface or reclaimed water samples. This protocol could be utilized in the monitoring of a wide array of irrigation water sources throughout irrigation processes.

scholarly journals Human viruses and viral indicators in marine water at two recreational beaches in Southern California, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Love ◽  
Roberto A. Rodriguez ◽  
Christopher D. Gibbons ◽  
John F. Griffith ◽  
Qilu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Recreational Beaches ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Human Viruses

Waterborne enteric viruses may pose disease risks to bather health but occurrence of these viruses has been difficult to characterize at recreational beaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate water for human virus occurrence at two Southern California recreational beaches with a history of beach closures. Human enteric viruses (adenovirus and norovirus) and viral indicators (F+ and somatic coliphages) were measured in water samples over a 4-month period from Avalon Beach, Catalina Island (n = 324) and Doheny Beach, Orange County (n = 112). Human viruses were concentrated from 40 L samples and detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Detection frequencies at Doheny Beach were 25.5% (adenovirus) and 22.3% (norovirus), and at Avalon Beach were 9.3% (adenovirus) and 0.7% (norovirus). Positive associations between adenoviruses and fecal coliforms were observed at Doheny (p = 0.02) and Avalon (p = 0.01) Beaches. Human viruses were present at both beaches at higher frequencies than previously detected in the region, suggesting that the virus detection methods presented here may better measure potential health risks to bathers. These virus recovery, concentration, and molecular detection methods are advancing practices so that analysis of enteric viruses can become more effective and routine for recreational water quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Complex Assessment of Underground Water Sources’ Quality in Khabarovsk City Territory

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Андреев ◽  
A. Andreev ◽  
Кондратьева ◽  
L. Kondrateva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Heavy Metals Ions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supply Systems

In case of water bodies’ surface contamination the water supply systems based on underground sources could supply of fresh water to the urban population with maximum guaranteed safety. In emergency the entire resource of underground water sources is used, including shallow water intakes and individual wells. The results of the complex research for the quality of fresh water taken from wells located in Khabarovsk city districts with different anthropogenic charge levels are considered in this paper. For the first time the fresh water quality monitoring aimed to potential risks estimation was held using the indicators of radon’s volumetric activity. The assessment for a seasonal variation of the fresh water quality by the microbiological indicators and the heavy metals ions quantity has been presented.

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

Virus occurrence in municipal groundwater sources in Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Locas ◽  
Christine Barthe ◽  
Benoit Barbeau ◽  
Annie Carrière ◽  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

A 1 year study was undertaken on groundwater that was a source of drinking water in the province of Quebec, Canada. Twelve municipal wells (raw water) were sampled monthly during a 1 year period, for a total of 160 samples. Using historic data, the 12 sites were categorized into 3 groups: group A (no known contamination), group B (sporadically contaminated by total coliforms), and group C (historic and continuous contamination by total coliforms and (or) fecal coliforms). Bacterial indicators (total coliform, Escherichia coli , enteroccoci), viral indicators (somatic and male-specific coliphages), total culturable human enteric viruses, and noroviruses were analyzed at every sampling site. Total coliforms were the best indicator of microbial degradation, and coliform bacteria were always present at the same time as human enteric viruses. Two samples contained human enteric viruses but no fecal pollution indicators (E. coli, enterococci, or coliphages), suggesting the limited value of these microorganisms in predicting the presence of human enteric viruses in groundwater. Our results underline the value of historic data in assessing the vulnerability of a well on the basis of raw water quality and in detecting degradation of the source. This project allowed us to characterize the microbiologic and virologic quality of groundwater used as municipal drinking water sources in Quebec.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
C. M. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.

Monitoring of Flooding Water under Coal Mine Based on Improved Fuzzy Clustering

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2713-2716
Author(s):  
Meng Ya Nie ◽  
Meng Ran Zhou ◽  
Xue Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Mine Flooding ◽  
Monitoring Data Processing

Due to the complicated coal mine flooding water quality monitoring data, in order to extract the effective data from vast amounts of data, this article used the fuzzy clustering to analyze the monitoring data processing. This study makes a brief analysis of monitoring data structure, then analyzes the shortcomings of fuzzy C mean clustering algorithm (FCM),which also proposes fuzzy C-means algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-FCM). Finally samples of the underground water data are used to carry out the instance simulation. The experiment results showed that in dealing with data samples. The algorithm had some advantages and it was worthy of research.

scholarly journals Seasonal and diurnal surveillance of treated and untreated wastewater for human enteric viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (33) ◽  
pp. 33391-33401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kata Farkas ◽  
Miles Marshall ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
James E. McDonald ◽  
Shelagh K. Malham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

scholarly journals Can a one-sampling campaign produce robust results for water quality monitoring? A case of study in Itupararanga reservoir, SP, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Guilherme de Souza Beghelli ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo ◽  
Mônica Páscoli ◽  
Vivian Silva Lira ◽  
Renata de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid and comprehensive analysis of the reservoir using physical, chemical and biological variables comprising water and sediment as also to verify if a one-sampling campaign can produce information that is robust enough for monitoring purposes. Methods One-sampling campaign was performed along the central body of Itupararanga reservoir comprising five sampling points. The following physico-chemical and biological variables were measured in each of them from water samples: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, suspended matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus and fecal coliforms. A genotoxicity assay with Allium cepa was also performed with water from each one of the five sampling points. As a complement, the phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates communities were also analyzed in the two most distant sampling points (P1 and P5). Results Results indicate a scenario with eutrophication and toxicity. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were recorded and there is a worrying prevalence of cyanobacteria - potential toxin producers - in phytoplankton community. Benthic macroinvertebrates analysis suggests poor quality of the water and sediments. Genotoxicity tests suggest the presence of toxic substances along the waterbody. Conclusions It is concluded that Itupararanga reservoir has water with poor quality that could be related to the land uses around the reservoir. The comprehensive approach performed here - where distinct sources of monitoring variables was considered - despite the rapid protocol (one campaign), was enough to respond to the distinct anthropic impacts received by the reservoir. Considering it, this approach is recommended as a rapid diagnostic tool.

Strong nitrogenous and agro-wastewater: current technological overview and future direction

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Choi ◽  
Z. Yun ◽  
T.H. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Refractory Organics

Nitrogen input to our environment has increased tremendously during the last four decades. It has been recognized that most of the nitrogenous wastes are produced from animal farms and agro-industries, which discharge a large amount of nitrogen as well as organics. Various biological and physico-chemical means are considered or applied for nitrogen removal. Particularly, biological nitrite nitrification and denitrification, and struvite precipitation have received more attention as applicable processes for strong nitrogenous waste treatment. The advanced oxidation process appears to be more attractive than activated carbon adsorption in terms of the removal of refractory organics when a further treatment of biologically treated effluent is required. Technologies using membrane bioreactors were very effective for solids separation, while reverse osmosis was found to be efficient for water reuse purpose with sufficient removal of refractory organics and nitrogen along with biological treatment. Reuse or recycling of strong nitrogenous wastes and agro-wastewater will be a desirable direction for the future in order to prevent the nitrogenous and organic pollution.

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