scholarly journals Application of Open Source Electronics for Measurements of Surface Water Properties in an Estuary: A Case Study of River Jadro, Croatia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Vladimir Divić ◽  
Morena Galešić ◽  
Mariaines Di Dato ◽  
Marina Tavra ◽  
Roko Andričević
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Field Zone ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Analytical Approaches

There are multiple factors affecting the behavior of water properties in an estuary, including the hydraulic properties of rivers and corresponding receiving water bodies, along with the potential solutes brought by rivers. Although there are various numerical models and analytical approaches to solving particular or holistic problems in estuaries, measurements are inevitably required. In this study, we developed an innovative low-cost probe based on the Arduino platform as an alternative to more expensive measuring systems. Our device is designed to measure position, temperature, and electrical conductivity in multiple realizations, and it consists of a floating container equipped with the following components: an Arduino Mega development board, a power management module, an SD card logging module, a Bluetooth module, a temperature measuring module, a global positioning satellite (GPS) position module, and a newly developed module for measuring electrical conductivity (EC). We emphasize that all used tools are open-source and greatly supported by the worldwide community. We tested our probe during a field campaign conducted at the estuary of River Jadro near Split (Croatia). Nine probes were released at the river mouth and their position, temperature, and EC were monitored and recorded during the experiment, which ended when the probes stopped, due to the river plume attenuation. The same experiment was repeated three times. All of the probes recorded consistent temperature data, while the EC data show more variable behavior, due to the higher sensitivity of the corresponding sensor. This was expected as a part of the natural process in the estuary. The measured data were additionally used to parameterize an analytical model for mean flow velocity and salinity as a proxy concentration. This showed a good match between the experimental results and the theoretical framework. This work, although focused on water surface applications in the near field zone of an estuary, should be considered as a promising step toward the development of innovative and affordable measurement devices.

DIY approach to measuring surface water properties in the estuary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Divić ◽  
Morena Galešić ◽  
Mariaines Di Dato ◽  
Marina Tavra ◽  
Roko Andričević
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Measuring Module

<p>The monitoring of water bodies, specifically complex ones such as estuaries, has been historically limited. Various research efforts were hindered due to the gaps in the technology implementation and accompanied by the price of developed solutions (usually as a black box for the end-user). However, thanks to the growing trend of open source solutions both in hardware and software domain, it has become more available to apply the DIY (do it yourself) approach and build the equipment that one might need. As all frugal innovations tend to emerge from a problem that had an existing commercial solution but was too demanding on resources, the floating measurement system presented in this study was designed to get surface water properties simultaneously in multiple points. Using multiple commercial probes to do such measurements was too expensive. Therefore, we have developed an innovative low-cost drifter based on the Arduino platform as an alternative. Our device is designed to measure position, temperature, and electrical conductivity in multiple drifter realisations or short-term moored measurements. The system consists of a floating container equipped with the following components: an Arduino Mega development board, a power management module, an SD card logging module, a Bluetooth module, a temperature measuring module, a global positioning satellite (GPS) position module, and a newly developed module for measuring electrical conductivity (EC). The applicability was tested at the estuary of River Jadro near Split (Croatia) and obtained spatial data (velocity, temperature, electrical conductivity and salinity) was analysed and compared with analytical models. All used tools are open-source and greatly supported by the worldwide community. Furthermore, we consider this prototype to be one of the first steps toward development of various DIY monitoring systems with a potential for a broader range of applications. We present our work with a purpose to initiate a dialogue with more collaborators interested in developing different variations of custom-built sensors for water properties.</p>

scholarly journals Coupled Wave-2D Hydrodynamics Modeling at the Reno River Mouth (Italy) under Climate Change Scenarios

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Gaeta ◽  
Davide Bonaldo ◽  
Achilleas G. Samaras ◽  
Sandro Carniel ◽  
Renata Archetti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Coupled Wave

This work presents the results of the numerical study implemented for the natural area of Lido di Spina, a touristic site along the Italian coast of the North Adriatic Sea, close to the mouth of River Reno. High-resolution simulations of nearshore dynamics are carried out under climate change conditions estimated for the site. The adopted modeling chain is based on the implementation of multiple-nested, open-source numerical models. More specifically, the coupled wave-2D hydrodynamics runs, using the open-source TELEMAC suite, are forced at the offshore boundary by waves resulting from the wave model (SWAN) simulations for the Adriatic Sea, and sea levels computed following a joint probability analysis approach. The system simulates present-day scenarios, as well as conditions reflecting the high IPCC greenhouse concentration trajectory named RCP8.5 under predicted climate changes. Selection of sea storms directed from SE (Sirocco events) and E–NE (Bora events) is performed together with Gumbel analysis, in order to define ordinary and extreme sea conditions. The numerical results are here presented in terms of local parameters such as wave breaking position, alongshore currents intensity and direction and flooded area, aiming to provide insights on how climate changes may impact hydrodynamics at a site scale. Although the wave energy intensity predicted for Sirocco events is expected to increase only slightly, modifications of the wave dynamics, current patterns, and inland flooding induced by climate changes are expected to be significant for extreme conditions, especially during Sirocco winds, with an increase in the maximum alongshore currents and in the inundated area compared to past conditions.

scholarly journals Inkjet Printed Planar Coil Antenna Analysis for NFC Technology Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ortego ◽  
N. Sanchez ◽  
J. Garcia ◽  
F. Casado ◽  
D. Valderas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Planar Coil ◽  
Spiral Inductors ◽  
Inkjet Printing Technology

The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of inkjet printing technology for the fabrication of Near Field Communication (NFC) coil antennas. As inkjet printing technology enables deposition of a different number of layers, an accurate adjustment of the printed conductive tracks thickness is possible. As a consequence, input resistance andQfactor can be finely tuned as long as skin depth is not surpassed while keeping the same inductance levels. This allows the removal of the typical damping resistance present in current NFC inductors. A general methodology including design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement is presented for rectangular, planar-spiral inductors working at 13.56 MHz. Analytical formulas, computed numerical models, and measured results for antenna input impedance are compared. Reflection coefficient is designated as a figure of merit to analyze the correlation among them, which is found to be below −10 dB. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of this technology in the fabrication of low cost, environmentally friendly NFC coils on flexible substrates.

scholarly journals Mapping the internal structures of fault zones of the sedimentary cover: a tectonophysical approach applied to interpret TDEM data (Kovykta gas condensate field)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-897
Author(s):  
K. Zh. Seminsky ◽  
I. V. Buddo ◽  
A. A. Bobrov ◽  
N. V. Misyurkeeva ◽  
Yu. P. Burzunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Field Zone ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Internal Structures

The article presents the results of studying the internal structures of platform fault zones with the use of a new tectonophysical approach to processing and interpretation of electrical exploration data obtained by the transient elec‐ tromagnetic method in the near field zone (TEM). In the study of the central part of the Kovykta gas condensate field (East Siberia, Russia), we applied the ideas of tectonophysics envisaging three stages of fault formation, which determine the three‐membered transverse zoning of a fully formed fault zone. Each subzone is characterized by a certain level of rock disturbance and corresponding electrical conductivity. Based on the analysis of electrical conductivity values, the boundaries can be determined between locations differing by the degrees of rock disturbance of the sedimentary stra‐ tum. Using a map of this parameter, it becomes possible to generally establish the boundaries of fault zones and specify internal subzones. The new approach was applied to assess the electrical conductivity of the reservoirs of the Kovykta field. It is established that there are several zones of faulting in the sedimentary stratum, which have not reached a final stage of development when a single fault plane is formed. Currently, these are zones of increased fracturing and dense occurrence of second‐order ruptures that are typical of platform settings due to their relatively weak tectonic activity. The zones are structurally non‐uniform, as evidenced by rheological layering of the sedimentary cover in the vertical cross‐section. A 3D electrical conductivity model of the largest fault zone in the study area shows alternating segments with more or less developed internal structures. Such segments are confined to layers that differ with respect to frac‐ turing. Exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits can benefit from 3D modeling of large fault zones with the use of the tectonophysical approach for processing and interpretation of the TEM data. The models can provide addition‐ al arguments for improved decision making about locations for trouble‐free well drilling, as well as for selecting more effective methods for drilling sedimentary strata composed of complex horizontal layers.

Rapid mapping accuracy assessment using low-cost UAV and open-source Structure from Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Ettore Potente ◽  
Cosimo Cagnazzo ◽  
Alessandro Deodati ◽  
Giuseppe Mastronuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mapping Accuracy ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Source Structure

PyDOSS: An open-source Python-based communicable disease outbreak surveillance system designed and used in a COVID-19 community care facility (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fang ◽  
Jonathan Kia-Sheng Phua ◽  
Terrence Chiew ◽  
Daniel De-Liang Loh ◽  
Lincoln Ming Han Liow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, community care facilities (CCF) were set up as temporary out-of-hospital isolation facilities to contain the surge of cases in Singapore. Confined living spaces within CCFs posed an increased risk of communicable disease spread among residents. OBJECTIVE This inspired our healthcare team managing a CCF operation to design a low-cost communicable disease outbreak surveillance system (CDOSS). METHODS Our CDOSS was designed with the following considerations: (1) comprehensiveness, (2) efficiency through passive reconnoitering from electronic medical record (EMR) data, (3) ability to provide spatiotemporal insights, (4) low-cost and (5) ease of use. We used Python to develop a lightweight application – Python-based Communicable Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (PyDOSS) – that was able perform syndromic surveillance and fever monitoring. With minimal user actions, its data pipeline would generate daily control charts and geospatial heat maps of cases from raw EMR data and logged vital signs. PyDOSS was successfully implemented as part of our CCF workflow. We also simulated a gastroenteritis (GE) outbreak to test the effectiveness of the system. RESULTS PyDOSS was used throughout the entire duration of operation; the output was reviewed daily by senior management. No disease outbreaks were identified during our medical operation. In the simulated GE outbreak, PyDOSS was able to effectively detect an outbreak within 24 hours and provided information about cluster progression which could aid in contact tracing. The code for a stock version of PyDOSS has been made publicly available. CONCLUSIONS PyDOSS is an effective surveillance system which was successfully implemented in a real-life medical operation. With the system developed using open-source technology and the code made freely available, it significantly reduces the cost of developing and operating CDOSS and may be useful for similar temporary medical operations, or in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Six-Layer Smart Factory Architecture with Special Focus on Transdisciplinary Engineering Education

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Benjamin James Ralph ◽  
Marcel Sorger ◽  
Benjamin Schödinger ◽  
Hans-Jörg Schmölzer ◽  
Karin Hartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Programming Environments ◽  
Metal Processing

Smart factories are an integral element of the manufacturing infrastructure in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Nevertheless, there is frequently a deficiency of adequate training facilities for future engineering experts in the academic environment. For this reason, this paper describes the development and implementation of two different layer architectures for the metal processing environment. The first architecture is based on low-cost but resilient devices, allowing interested parties to work with mostly open-source interfaces and standard back-end programming environments. Additionally, one proprietary and two open-source graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed. Those interfaces can be adapted front-end as well as back-end, ensuring a holistic comprehension of their capabilities and limits. As a result, a six-layer architecture, from digitization to an interactive project management tool, was designed and implemented in the practical workflow at the academic institution. To take the complexity of thermo-mechanical processing in the metal processing field into account, an alternative layer, connected with the thermo-mechanical treatment simulator Gleeble 3800, was designed. This framework is capable of transferring sensor data with high frequency, enabling data collection for the numerical simulation of complex material behavior under high temperature processing. Finally, the possibility of connecting both systems by using open-source software packages is demonstrated.

scholarly journals An Alternative Statistical Model for Predicting Salinity Variations in Estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10677
Author(s):  
Ronghui Ye ◽  
Jun Kong ◽  
Chengji Shen ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Weisheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Large River ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salinity Variations

Accurate salinity prediction can support the decision-making of water resources management to mitigate the threat of insufficient freshwater supply in densely populated estuaries. Statistical methods are low-cost and less time-consuming compared with numerical models and physical models for predicting estuarine salinity variations. This study proposes an alternative statistical model that can more accurately predict the salinity series in estuaries. The model incorporates an autoregressive model to characterize the memory effect of salinity and includes the changes in salinity driven by river discharge and tides. Furthermore, the Gamma distribution function was introduced to correct the hysteresis effects of river discharge, tides and salinity. Based on fixed corrections of long-term effects, dynamic corrections of short-term effects were added to weaken the hysteresis effects. Real-world model application to the Pearl River Estuary obtained satisfactory agreement between predicted and measured salinity peaks, indicating the accuracy of salinity forecasting. Cross-validation and weekly salinity prediction under small, medium and large river discharges were also conducted to further test the reliability of the model. The statistical model provides a good reference for predicting salinity variations in estuaries.

scholarly journals Transport Properties of Natural and Artificial Smart Fabrics Impregnated by Graphite Nanomaterial Stacks

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Carola Esposito Corcione ◽  
Francesca Ferrari ◽  
Raffaella Striani ◽  
Antonio Greco
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Fabric Materials ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we studied the transport properties (thermal and electrical conductivity) of smart fabric materials treated with graphite nanomaterial stacks–acetone suspensions. An innovative and easy method to produce graphite nanomaterial stacks–acetone-based formulations, starting from a low-cost expandable graphite, is proposed. An original, economical, fast, and easy method to increase the thermal and electrical conductivity of textile materials was also employed for the first time. The proposed method allows the impregnation of smart fabric materials, avoiding pre-coating of the fibers, thus reducing costs and processing time, while obtaining a great increase in the transport properties. Two kinds of textiles, cotton and Lycra®, were selected as they represent the most used natural and artificial fabrics, respectively. The impact of the dimensions of the produced graphite nanomaterial stacks–acetone-based suspensions on both the uniformity of the treatment and the transport properties of the selected textile materials was accurately evaluated using several experimental techniques. An empirical relationship between the two transport properties was also successfully identified. Finally, several theoretical models were applied to predict the transport properties of the developed smart fabric materials, evidencing a good agreement with the experimental data.

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