scholarly journals Model Performance Indicator of Aging Pipes in a Domestic Water Supply Distribution Network

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzaura Abd Rahman ◽  
Nur Shazwani Muhammad ◽  
Jazuri Abdullah ◽  
Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Domestic Water

Aging pipes in the domestic water distribution network have the potential to decrease the quality and quantity of the treated water supplied to the consumers. Therefore, a calibrated water distribution model is helpful to monitor and understand the behaviour of a real water distribution network. However, a comprehensive performance indicator and an integrated method to assess the efficiency of model performance have not been well established in the literature. This study developed a methodology for a model calibration exercise, with consideration of two uncertainty parameters, i.e., Hazen–Williams roughness coefficient of the pipes and Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in each nodal demand. Following this, a statistical color-coded performance indicator was established, based on the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSEC), the coefficient of determination (R2), the correlation coefficient (r), and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The accuracy of the calibrated model was measured by Discrepancy Ratio (DR) analysis. This study concluded that the model performed well when NRW was added to the nodal demand in zone(s) with suspected water loss activities. The suggested Hazen–Williams roughness coefficient for PVC pipes was between 130 and 140 for pipes aged more than 20 years. The threshold error value to determine the accuracy of the simulated model was proposed to be between –0.05 and 0.05.

A GIS-based water distribution model for Zhengzhou city, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yu-Kun ◽  
Zhao Chun-Hui ◽  
Huang Yu-Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pipe Roughness

Many water companies in China are developing GIS as a computer-based tool, for mapping and analyzing objects and events that happen on a water distribution network. However, only a few companies have taken a further step to develop a hydraulic model based on GIS, and Zhengzhou Water Supply Corporation is one of them. The WaterGEMS V8 XM from Bentley is used to develop the hydraulic model for the water distribution network in Zhengzhou city, which has a population of over 3 million. During establishment of the model, some of the data extracted from GIS are missing, abnormal, and redundant and require careful screening, searching, and judging. Model calibration is performed after a sensitivity analysis. Peaking factor and pipe roughness coefficient are key model parameters to calibrate. In calibrating peaking factors, the distribution system is divided into 5 operation districts with different types of water usage. To calibrate pipe roughness coefficients, the system was divided into 4 water supply districts with different attributes of pipelines. Finally, a case study of pipe layout evaluation it shows the hydraulic model to be a powerful tool for water supply management.

Hydraulic performance of post-earthquake water distribution networks based on head driven simulation method

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mani ◽  
M. Tabesh ◽  
M. R. Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Actual Performance

Water distribution networks are one of the most important infrastructures in urban areas. Evaluating their real hydraulic performance after being damaged by earthquake loadings is crucial for future planning. In this study, pipeline damage caused by seismic wave propagation is modelled using relationships obtained from 1994 Northridge earthquake. Damaged network is hydraulically analysed using the head driven simulation method (HDSM). This analysis helps to obtain actual performance of the water distribution network damaged by seismic waves, without the usual need to handle negative nodal pressures generated from demand driven simulation method. Pressure performance indicator and the total leakage of the network are used as indicators to show the hydraulic performance of the system. Comparison of the damages from different seismic scenarios and the hydraulic indicators of the network, illustrate the probable condition of the water distribution network after the earthquake. The proposed methodology is applied on a reservoir zone of the Tehran water distribution network. The results indicate the degree of damage in terms of pipe burst and leak points in this network.

scholarly journals Devices for cleaning tap water

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Zhanna Govorova ◽  
Nikita Podlesnov ◽  
Vadim Govorov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Common Causes

The condition of the water distribution network of the centralized water supply and its high wear, at the same time with other factors, affect the quality of drinking water transported to the consumer of drinking water. The most common causes of the secondary pollution of drinking water during its transportation are considered, as a result of which the concentration of dissolved and undissolved impurities and corrosion products increases, unpleasant smells and tastes appear in the water, microbiological and parasitological indicators deteriorate. Along with measures to improve the technology of water purification at waterworks, replacement, cleaning and repair of pipelines, in practice domestic water purification devices are used. The results of studies of the effectiveness of additional purification of drinking water are presented in the article. The water is taken for analysis from different points of the Moscow distribution network on water treatment devices: “JNT-RO”, filter “Aquafor”, installation “OSMO 300” with a capacity from 187.2 to 380 l/day. The results showed that the original tap water in its qualitative composition met the regulatory requirements for drinking water, and after passing through the elements of water purification devices during the stated service life the quality characteristics of turbidity - 100%, chromaticity - 84.6-100%, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) - 84.4-94.2% and hardness - 87.3-93.8% improved. The calcium content in purified water ranged from 6.8 to 12 mg/l.

Modified Methods on Testing Roughness Coefficient of Water Pipes in Urban Water Distribution Network

ICPTT 2009 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihu Shu ◽  
Lanying Kang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Jingyang Yu ◽  
Hongbin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Pipes

scholarly journals A case study on the effect of smart meter sampling intervals and gap-filling approaches on water distribution network simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kjeld Kirstein ◽  
Klavs Høgh ◽  
Martin Rygaard ◽  
Morten Borup
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Sampling Intervals

Abstract Water usage data collected from smart meters at the end user can improve the accuracy and applicability of water distribution network models. Collecting and storing large amounts of data across hundreds or more smart meters is costly, which makes it important to consider what constitutes a sufficient sampling interval. This paper explores the effect of varying sampling intervals in smart meter data on model performance in regard to flow, pressure and water age simulations. Furthermore, the effect of using linear interpolation, a demand pattern or a network-inflow-weighted approach to fill gaps when data are sampled coarsely, is investigated. The study was based on real data from 525 smart meters in a district metered area in Denmark. The results show that smart meter data can improve modelling results, and if the sampling intervals are coarser than 2 h, then a weighted gap-filling approach markedly outperforms linear interpolation and models with coarse bi-annual demand data.

EFFICIENT CHLORINATION SCHEDULE FOR A WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH MULTIPLE PUMPING STATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei-Mugur Georgescu ◽  
Sanda-Carmen Georgescu ◽  
Remus Alexandru Madularea ◽  
Diana Maria Bucur ◽  
Georgiana Dunca
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Pumping Stations

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

Whole life costing: application to water distribution network

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Engelhardt ◽  
D. Savic ◽  
P. Skipworth ◽  
A. Cashman ◽  
A. Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Whole Life Costing

There is an increasing pressure from the economic regulator in England and Wales for water companies to ensure that their capital maintenance decisions reflect an understanding of the long-term impact on their operational costs and risks. This implies that decisions must not only reflect the costs borne now but the likely costs in the future, and how these might be optimised. It is noteworthy that within the construction and transport industries, asset management decisions which have been driven in this direction utilise a whole life costing (WLC) methodology. This paper addresses the implications of transferring the concept of WLC to service-based assets such as water systems. A WLC approach to distribution network management aims to achieve the lowest network provision and operating cost when all costs are considered to achieve standards enforced by regulation. Cognisance is to be taken of all relevant costs - direct and indirect, private and societal - in order to balance the needs of the service supplier, the customer, society and the environment in a sustainable manner. A WLC analysis thus attempts to develop a cost profile over the life of the asset. Accounting for the costs over this period is achieved through a combination of activity based costing (ABC) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) used to identify potential social and environmental costs. This process means that each of these identified costs must be linked to some physical parameter that itself varies over time due to changing demands on the system, the different operational strategies available to the operator and natural deterioration of the fabric of the system. The links established between the cost and activities of the operator provide the basis for the development of a WLC decision tool (WiLCO) for application to water distribution network management.

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