scholarly journals IWRM through WFD Implementation? Drivers for Integration in Polycentric Water Governance Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Jenny Shirin Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Planning Processes

This paper uses an empirical approach to explore what motivates the adoption of integrated water resources management (IWRM). The study compares cases of local implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) from five German federal states representing various types of local policy addressees. Data were collected using policy analysis methods, including participatory observation and interviews with planners who had implemented WFD measures and conducted integration attempts of various types throughout the planning processes. The planning narratives on integration were analysed iteratively and its characteristics, drivers, and hampering factors were identified. It was found that policy addressees attempt integration due to the incentives for reaching their goals rather than according to their paradigms. Depending on the power relations, incentives result in the integration of different actors during different planning phases. The findings suggest that in order to strategically induce integration, it would be necessary to enhance the incentives based on a detailed knowledge of power relations. The WFD as a general regulatory framework was found not to be a driver for local integration, but the WFD did induce increased integrated management through setting goals.

Integrated watershed management in Quebec (Canada): a participatory approach centred on local solidarity

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Baril ◽  
Y. Maranda ◽  
J. Baudrand
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Perspective ◽  
Initial Process

The Quebec Water Policy was launched in November 2002 in support of reform of the water governance. One of the government commitments is to gradually implement watershed-based management for 33 major watercourses located primarily in the St. Lawrence plain. At the local and regional levels, watershed organizations are responsible for implementing integrated management, from a sustainable-development perspective, by preparing a master plan for water (MPW), which will include watercourses, lakes, wetlands and aquifers. These watershed organizations rely on public consultation, as well as local and regional expertise, on the responsibilities for water of the municipalities and regional county municipalities of the territory, as well as those of the ministries and other government agencies. They are also required to observe national priorities regarding protection, restoration, and development of water resources and to comply with relevant guidelines, directives, standards, regulations, and legislation. The role of watershed organizations is to act as planning and consultation tables. Government representatives are present, on the initial process, as the facilitator and for scientific and technical support. They do not have, at this moment, any voting or decisional rights. After two years, integrated water management mobilized water stakeholders on watersheds and they are on their way to initiating their first MPW.

scholarly journals Vitality of Complex Water Governance Systems: Condition and Evolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurian Edelenbos ◽  
van Ingmar Meerkerk ◽  
Corniel van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Water Governance ◽  
Governance Systems

scholarly journals Kleinstaaterei im Dienstrecht der deutschen Bundesländer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Dose ◽  
Felix Wolfes ◽  
Carolin Burmester
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
German Federal States

With the federalism reform of 2006, the German federal states gained legislative power over their civil servants. This did not only lead to a substantial difference in pay levels but also to fragmented civil service regulations with different degrees of attractiveness. Requests to move to another state have created various problems in the different areas of the civil service. They are partly caused by the fragmented regulations and partly by an informal agreement between the states. By making use of an online survey among human resource managers in the different areas of public administration and 32 case studies of civil servants who either aspire to move to or have moved to another state, this book systematically identifies and analyses civil servants’ motivations for and hindrances to doing so. In this way, it reveals both obstructive and conducive factors which explain mobility. Moreover, the authors put forward some reform proposals.

scholarly journals Regional differences in reasons for consultation and general practitioners’ spectrum of services in Northern Germany – Results of a cross-sectional observational study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Schäfer ◽  
Heike Hansen ◽  
Thomas Ruppel ◽  
Dagmar Lühmann ◽  
Hans-Otto Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Practice Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Individual Consultation

Abstract Background Among other factors, the patients’ consultation reasons and GPs’ spectrum of services determine the process and outcome of the medical treatment. So far, however, there has been little information on differences in reasons for consultation and GPs’ services between urban and rural areas. Our study’s goal was thus to investigate these factors in relation to the regional location of GPs’ practices. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on standardised GP interviews in a quota sampling design. All counties and independent cities within a radius of 120 km around Hamburg were divided into three regional categories (urban area, environs, rural area) and stratified proportionally to the population size. Differences in the number of reasons for consultation and services were analysed by multivariate linear regressions in mixed models adjusted for random effects on the levels of the German federal states and administrative districts. Differences in individual consultation reasons and services were identified by logistic regression via stepwise forward and backward selection. Results Primary care practices in 34 of the 37 selected administrative districts (91.9%) were represented in the dataset. In total, 211 GPs were personally interviewed. On average, GPs saw 344 patients per month with a slightly higher number of patients in rural areas. They reported 59.1 ± 15.4 different reasons for consultation and 30.3 + 3.9 different services. There was no statistically significant regional variation in the number of different consultation reasons, but there was a broader service spectrum by rural GPs (ß=-1.42; 95% confidence interval -2.75/-0.08; p=0.038) which was statistically explained by a higher level of medical training. Additionally, there were differences in the frequency of individual consultation reasons and services between rural and urban areas. Conclusion GPs in rural areas performed more frequently services usually provided by medical specialists in urban areas. This might be caused by a low availability of specialists in rural areas. The association between medical training and service spectrum might imply that GPs compensate the specific needs of their patients by completing advanced medical training before or after setting up a medical practice. Trial registration The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02558322).

Report of the D-A-CH geoid and height unification project and prospects for the extension to the European Alps and beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schwabe ◽  
Christian Ullrich ◽  
Urs Marti ◽  
Gunter Liebsch ◽  
Andreas Hellerschmied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Height Determination ◽  
Virtual Meeting ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Gravity Field Modeling ◽  
Cooperation Partners ◽  
Regional Authorities

<p>The D-A-CH geoid project was initiated in 2017 between the national mapping agencies of Germany (BKG), Austria (BEV) and Switzerland (swisstopo), as well as the regional authorities of the German federal states of Bavaria (LDBV) and Baden-Württemberg (LGL), with the motivation to better harmonize the basis for height determination.</p><p>In these countries, the official national height reference systems that are still in use apply different definitions of the height and the zero levels refer to different tide gauges and epochs. Additionally, the treatment of the permanent tide is not fully consistent. This causes differences at the decimeter scale which also vary along the national borders. At the same time, Austria and Switzerland do compute and store also EVRS-compatible geopotential numbers that are valuable for height system unification.</p><p>The ambitions of the initiative therefore mirror the situation as described above ‒ to foster and to intensify the cooperation between the partners regarding regional gravity field modeling and to provide better information about the transformations between the national height systems.</p><p>It was agreed that the cooperation should first focus on a case study area around Lake Constance, with envisaged extension to the complete territories of the “D-A-CH countries” and/or, ideally, to the most of the European Alps. The following achievements have been reached for the focus area:</p><p>In view of these developments, and taking into account that these challenges are not unique for this specific area, it is planned to extend this initiative to the computation of the entire European Alps (and surrounding lowland areas) and rename the project to “European Alps Geoid (EAlpG)”.</p><p>We believe that this project can contribute to a better understanding of height differences across borders. Such height differences are for instance of great interest for ground water level investigations or flood protection. Other crucial applications for cross-border height unification are engineering projects such as tunnels, bridges, supply lines, etc.</p><p>What is more, these activities shall be embedded in a pan-European geoid initiative within EUREF. Contributing to the upcoming EUREF Working Group “European Height Reference Surface”, the European Alps Geoid will be one of many cornerstones to build an official EVRS height reference surface.</p><p>Potential cooperation partners have been contacted. Nevertheless, the initiative shall be open to interested parties. A virtual meeting is planned to be held shortly after the vEGU2021.</p>

Patient and public involvement in healthcare

2018 ◽  
pp. 613-624
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Research And Education

The impulse for patient and public involvement (PPI) in health services reflects wider societal and policy concerns with citizenship and democratic participation. A consumerist turn in health policy has opened the door to advances in involvement initiatives, with nurses often playing a lead role. These involvement practices have developed in the interlinked areas of nursing practice, research, and education. Effective involvement is predicated upon emancipatory values and, as such, involvement practices are concerned with prevailing power relations. The actual form that involvement takes can be thorough, systematic, and empowering or partial, tokenistic, and subsumed under oppressive governance systems. Ultimately, involvement poses key questions for professional nursing identity, allowing for a re-imagining of professionalism that is essentially democratized and cooperative.

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