Interferenz bei Referenz im Übersetzungsprozess

Reference with noun phrases can only be described by drawing on different branches of linguistics such as pragmatics, semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology and stylistics. In a contrastive analysis of the use of articles in pairs of languages such as Danish and German, it has been shown to be expedient to deal first of all with the material in terms of a common prag-matic and text-semantic tertium comparationis (i. e. comparative framework) and subsequently to include constraints from other levels of description. Although Danish and German are in fact closely related languages, they differ considerably with respect to reference and the use of articles, and these – at times quite complicated – differences lead to a great deal of interference in translation. In a series of experiments in which translation processes were studied using the computer program Translog (developed by Arnt Lykke Jakobsen of the Copenhagen Business School), it has been shown that an effective means of combatting reference-related interference relating to reference in translation processes is to give individual consultation, through which the information obtained from observations made during the transla-tion process and the individual strengths and weaknesses of translators can be combined with the insights of contrastive linguistics.

Patient Denialism for COVID19 Pose Difficulty for Treating Physicians

Objective: As patients refusal has been a major issue in diagnosing the disease, we carried out this study to determine the magnitude of the refusal or denial of suspected COVID 19 cases. Methods: All patients seen with COVID 19 symptoms in medical out doors and emergency in Bahria International Hospital, Lahore in two weeks period from April 15, 2020 to April 30, 2020 were included in study. COVID 19 symptoms were ascertained on WHO guidelines labelling patients as COVID 19 suspected through laboratory tests. Depending upon results individual consultation with each patient was arranged to convince them to carry out nasopharyngeal swab for SARS Co-V-2 PCR. Some patients refused despite counselling for follow up regarding symptoms and advised tests. The public fear was the main barrier for the suspected cases to get tested. Each patient who refused PCR test was labelled as in denial. Results: Of the 40 cases diagnosed as suspected COVID 19. 21 refused to get tested. Majority (15) were male. Fever with chills was common among all with majority presented with shortness of breath (43%) followed by diarrhea (33%) and chest pain (9%). Conclusion: Patients who remain in denial pose a great threat to society as by spreading the virus or deteriorating themselves. An effective campaign on government level should be run to overcome the fear which has made this infection a social stigma to help contain this pandemic in a resource scarce country like Pakistan. Keywords: Coronavirus denial, COVID-19 denial, COVID in Pakistan, Public reaction to COVID 19 How to cite: Pervaiz R., Rana A.M., Qayyum A.M., Munawar A., Tariq S., Lashari A.A. Patient denialism for COVID19 pose difficulty for treating Physicians. Esculapio 2021;17(02):183-186.

National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany origin, development and structure

Aim Health literacy has gained increasing importance worldwide. As a result of several studies indicating low health literacy levels in large parts of the population, strategies and action plans promoting health literacy were developed in many countries. The article analyses the origin, development and structure of the German Health Literacy Action Plan. Subject and methods In 2016, a civil society initiative was formed, aiming at developing a national action plan in an expert-based and collaborative manner. A group of 15 experts elaborated the core elements of the action plan, based on a literature review on existing health literacy approaches, action plans and empirical evidence. These core elements were further developed collaboratively in workshops with key stakeholders, self-help and patient organizations and individual consultation meetings. Afterwards, the National Action Plan was reviewed and previously formulated recommendations were refined before being published. Results and conclusion The National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany presents 15 recommendations in four areas of action for promoting health literacy in Germany. This bottom-up strategy and the expert-based yet at the same time collaborative approach have proved to be successful when developing a national action plan.

Assistance to parents of children with disabilities in the process of counseling

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching children with special educational needs, the content presents the results of the analysis of the questions of parents who have applied to specialists (psychiatrist and teachers-defectologists) for psychological and pedagogical power. The most common questions that parents address for individual consultation of children with special educational needs and children with disabilities are systematized. The recommendations to parents on education and training of children with developmental disabilities are revealed.

The Laurentian University CAE Coffeehouse

Laurentian University’s Teaching and Innovation team recently created the virtual CAE Coffeehouse, an online repository of a variety of faculty development resources. The online CAE Coffeehouse supports the physical in-person Faculty Learning Community through web-streamed workshops, drop-in hours, a teaching “book club”, individual consultation sessions, and various departmental outreach initiatives. This article presents the characteristics of a Faculty Learning Community (FLC), as defined by Cox (2004, 2013), and a Professional Learning Community (PLC), as defined by Cherrington et al., (2018), and describes how the development of the CAE Coffeehouse builds upon these principles to extend the community into a virtual space. Récemment, l’équipe Enseignement et Innovation de l’Université Laurentienne a créé, sous une forme virtuelle, la CAE Coffeehouse, un répertoire en ligne proposant un éventail de ressources en perfectionnement des corps professoraux. Cet outil en ligne vient en appui à la communauté d’apprentissage professorale – laquelle prend quant à elle une forme physique, présentielle – en offrant des ateliers en direct sur le web, des heures de rencontre sans rendez-vous, un club de lecture sur l’enseignement, des séances de consultation individuelles et différentes activités d’information départementale. Dans notre article, nous présentons les notions de communauté d’apprentissage professoral, telle que définie par Cox (2004, 2013), et de communauté d’apprentissage professionnel, telle que définie par Cherrington et al. (2018). Ensuite, nous montrons comment l’élaboration de la CAE Coffeehouse se fonde sur de tels principes pour étendre la portée de la communauté jusque dans l’univers virtuel.

A Scoping Review of Relationship-based Training Programs for Early Childhood Educators.

Aim and Background: An increasing rise in childcare attendance has resulted in children spending additional time with non-parental caregivers, such as Early Childhood Educators (ECE’s). Strong relationships between children and ECE’s are important as these relationships impact on children’s development. Relationship-based training programs offered by occupational therapists, are one way of supporting educators with building and maintaining positive relationships with children in their care. This scoping review aimed to provide a summary of the features and outcomes of relationship-based training with ECE’s. Methods: After a systematic search and following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 26 studies were included. Results: A wide range of relationship-based training programs were described, with multiple components and group-based training, as well as individual consultation/coaching reported. All included studies reported that relationship-based training programs resulted in positive outcomes for children and/or educators. This review provides a foundation for designing relationship-based training programs for ECE’s.

National survey evaluating the provision of gastroenterology dietetic services in England

AimsThe aim of the study was to assess the provision of dietetic services for coeliac disease (CD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsHospitals within all National Health Service trusts in England were approached (n=209). A custom-designed web-based questionnaire was circulated via contact methods of email, post or telephone. Individuals/teams with knowledge of gastrointestinal (GI) dietetic services within their trust were invited to complete.Results76% of trusts (n=158) provided GI dietetic services, with responses received from 78% of these trusts (n=123). The median number of dietitians per 100 000 population was 3.64 (range 0.15–16.60), which differed significantly between regions (p=0.03). The most common individual consultation time for patients with CD, IBS and IBD was 15–30 min (43%, 44% and 54%, respectively). GI dietetic services were delivered both via individual and group counselling, with individual counselling being the more frequent delivery method available (93% individual vs 34% group). A significant proportion of trusts did not deliver any specialist dietetic clinics for CD, IBS and IBD (49% (n=60), 50% (n=61) and 72% (n=88), respectively).ConclusionThere is an inequity of GI dietetic services across England, with regional differences in the level of provision and extent of specialist care. Allocated time for clinics appears to be insufficient compared with time advocated in the literature. Group clinics are becoming a more common method of dietetic service delivery for CD and IBS. National guidance on GI dietetic service delivery is required to ensure equity of dietetic services across England.

How to Educate Pregnant Women about Endocrine Disruptors?

Background: Despite mediatization, only half of pregnant women are informed about endocrine disruptors (EDs). We wished to inquire about appropriate environmental health education procedures during pregnancy: Who, when, and how? Methods: The question stems from a comprehensive population health intervention research project. It includes qualitative studies aimed at constructing an educational program in environmental health and an accompanying assessment tool. The validation of a customized questionnaire (PREVED© for Pregnancy Prevention Endocrine Disruptors) about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pregnant women regarding exposure to EDs was carried out in a quantitative study. Results: Health education by a prenatal professional with communication skills should take place as early as possible, during the preconception period or early pregnancy, as part of individual consultation or group workshops. In order to customize the discourse and to develop women’s empowerment, concomitant presentation of the risks by the products used in each room and of previous solutions is recommended. Conclusion: Appropriate health education procedures on EDs should be done at every contact but taking the KAP of pregnant women into account first. We propose all educational actions should be accompanied by questioning of the KAP of pregnant women; for example, with questions from the PREVED© questionnaire.

Transforming Fair Decision-Making About Sea-Level Rise in Cities: The Values and Beliefs of Residents in Botany Bay, Australia

Sea-level rise (SLR) is a threat to coastal areas and there is growing interest in how social values, risk perception and fairness can inform adaptation. This study applies these three concepts to an urban community at risk of SLR in Botany Bay, Australia. The study engaged diverse groups of residents via an online survey. Cluster analysis identified four interpretive communities: two groups value work–life balance, are concerned about SLR and would likely engage in collective adaptation. The third group value everything about Botany Bay and are active in organisations that could prove to be an important outreach. The fourth group were older men, disengaged from both SLR and policy but could respond to individual consultation and targeted communication. Thus, multifarious approaches can engage diverse communities in fair decision-making and transform community-facilitated adaptation.

PENERAPAN MODEL PENCEGAHAN DEPRESI POSTPARTUM-RATU DI PUSKESMAS PUTRI AYU KELURAHAN LEGOKKECAMATAN DANAU SIPIN KOTA JAMBI

Depresi postpartum adalah gangguan psikologis pada ibu pasca-melahirkan dengan kejadian di dunia mencapai 20%, Indonesia (Riau 18,52%, Medan 16-36%, Palembang 13,3%, dan Jambi 13%), angka ini harus ditekan menjadi 1% bahkan dihilangkan. Pelayanan Antenatal Terpadu yang selama ini diterapkan di Puskesmas Putri Ayu Kota Jambi adalah Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi Efektif dan Kelas Ibu Hamil. KIE umumnya diberikan melalui konsultasi perorangan saat ibu melakukan kunjungan antenatal; belum semua ibu hamil yang mengikuti Kelas Ibu Hamil dan belum menghadirkan suami pada Kelas Ibu Hamil Kegiatan antenatal dikoordinir dan dilaksanakan oleh bidan, perawat hanya sebagai tenaga pendamping lintas program. Model Pencegahan Depresi Postpartum-Ratu merupakan produk disertasi penulis yang belum pernah diterapkan di Provinsi Jambi, merupakan model edukasi untuk ibu hamil dan suami dalam pencegahan depresi perinatal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini telah dilakukan pada Mei-Juli 2019 dengan metode survei, ceramah, diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terbentuknya kader, terlaksananya pelatihan kader dan eduksi kepada ibu hamil dan suami. Peningkatan rerata pengetahuan ibu hamil sebesar 2,38; peningkatan rerata sikap 4,60, peningkatan rerata respons adaptasi ibu hamil (fisiologis 1,76; konsep diri 3,36; fungsi peran 2,49, dan interdependent 2,24) dan peningkatan rerata dukungan suami 3,84 setelah diberikan edukasi model. Kata kunci: Model, Pencegahan, Depresi, Postpartum-Ratu ABSTRACT Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder in postpartum women, incidence in the world 20%, Indonesia (Riau 18.52%, Medan 16-36%, Palembang 13.3%, and Jambi 13%), this number should be reduced to 1 % even eliminated. Intenatal care that have so far been applied at Puskemsmas Putri Ayu in Kota Jambi. Information, education and communicationis generally given through individual consultation when the pregnant women makes antenatal visits; not all pregnant women do it the prenatal class and have not presented their husbands inclass. Antenatal activities are coordinated by midwives, nurses are only assistants.. The Ratu’s Modelis a product of dissertation from first author's that has never been applied in Jambi Province, it is an educational model for pregnant women and husbands in the prevention perinatal depression. This dedication activity was carried out in May-July 2019 using survey, lecture, discussion, and question and answer methods. The results achieved were the formation of cadres, the implementation of cadre training and education for pregnant women and husbands. Increased mean knowledge of pregnant women 2.38; attitude 4.60, adaptation response of pregnant women (physiological 1.76; self-concept 3.36; role function 2.49, and interdependent 2.24) andsupport of husband 3.84 after the model education was given. Keywords: The Ratu’s Model: Prevention Postpartum Depression