scholarly journals Optimal Energy Recovery from Water Distribution Systems Using Smart Operation Scheduling

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Telci ◽  
Mustafa Aral
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Gravity Driven

Micro hydropower generators (micro turbines), are used to recover excess energy from hydraulic systems and these applications have important potential in renewable energy production. One of the most viable environments for the use of micro turbines is the water distribution network where, by design, there is always excess energy since minimum pressures are to be maintained throughout the system, and the system is designed to meet future water supply needs of a planning period. Under these circumstances, maintaining the target pressures is not an easy task due to the increasing complexity of the water distribution network to supply future demands. As a result, pressures at several locations of the network tend to be higher than the required minimum pressures. In this paper, we outline a methodology to recover this excess energy using smart operation management and the best placement of micro turbines in the system. In this approach, the best micro turbine locations and their operation schedule is determined to recover as much available excess energy as possible from the water distribution network while satisfying the current demand for water supply and pressure. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to obtain optimal solutions and a “smart seeding” approach is developed to improve the performance of the GA. The Dover Township pump-driven water distribution system in New Jersey, United States of America (USA) was selected as the study area to test the proposed methodology. This pump-driven network was also converted into a hypothetical gravity-driven network to observe the differences between the energy recovery potential of the pump-driven and gravity-driven systems. The performance of the energy recovery system was evaluated by calculating the equivalent number of average American homes that can be fed by the energy produced and the resulting carbon-dioxide emission reductions that may be achieved. The results show that this approach is an effective tool for applications in renewable energy production in water distribution systems for small towns such as Dover Township. It is expected that, for larger water distribution systems with high energy usage, the energy recovery potential will be much higher.

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
The Past

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

NeatWork: A Tool for the Design of Gravity-Driven Water Distribution Systems for Poor Rural Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Babonneau ◽  
Gilles Corcos ◽  
Laurent Drouet ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vial
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Gravity Driven

scholarly journals Optimizing the Potential Impact of Energy Recovery and Pipe Replacement on Leakage Reduction in a Medium Sized District Metered Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12929
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Pipe Replacement ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Societies

The drive for sustainable societies with more resilient infrastructure networks has catalyzed interest in leakage reduction as a subsequent benefit to energy recovery in water distribution systems. Several researchers have conducted studies and piloted successful energy recovery installations in water distribution systems globally. Challenges remain in the determination of the number, location, and optimal control setting of energy recovery devices. The PERRL 2.0 procedure was developed, employing a genetic algorithm through extended period simulations, to identify and optimize the location and size of hydro-turbine installations for energy recovery. This procedure was applied to the water supply system of the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Several suitable locations for pressure reduction, with energy recovery installations between 600 and 800 kWh/day were identified, with the potential to also reduce leakage in the system by 2 to 4%. Coupling the energy recovery installations with a pipe replacement model showed a further reduction in leakage up to a total of above 6% when replacing 10% of the aged pipes within the network. Several solutions were identified on the main supply line and the addition of a basic water balance, to the analysis, was found valuable in preliminarily evaluation and identification of the more sustainable solutions.

scholarly journals Online simplification of water distribution network models for optimal scheduling

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Paluszczyszyn ◽  
Piotr Skworcow ◽  
Bogumil Ulanicki
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Reduced Model ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Online Optimisation

This paper presents an implementation of an extended simplification algorithm of water distribution network models for the purpose of inclusion in the online optimisation strategy for energy and leakage management in water distribution systems. Whereas the previously proposed reduced model represented accurately the original hydraulic water network characteristics, the energy distribution in the simplified model was not preserved. This could cause a situation where the pump speed required to satisfy specified minimum pressure constraints is different for the reduced model and the original model. This problem has been identified, and an appropriate modification to the simplification algorithm has been introduced. The idea comprises introduction of the energy audit of the water network and the calculation of new minimum service pressure constraints for the simplified model. The approach allows the preservation of both hydraulic and energetic characteristics of the original water network and therefore meets the requirements of the online optimisation strategy. Suitability of the proposed approach is evaluated via a case study. The modern parallel programming implementation allowed water network models consisting of several thousand elements to be reduced within 2 min with an average relative accuracy of less than 2% in terms of tanks flows.

scholarly journals Risk-based sensor placement methods for burst/leak detection in water distribution systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Forconi ◽  
Z. Kapelan ◽  
M. Ferrante ◽  
H. Mahmoud ◽  
C. Capponi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The optimal placement of sensors for burst/leak detection in water distribution systems is usually formulated as an optimisation problem. In this study three different risk-based functions are used to drive optimal location of a given number of sensors in a water distribution network. A simple function based on likelihood of leak non-detection is compared with two other risk-based functions, where impact and exposure are combined with the leak detection likelihood. The impact is considered proportional to the demand water volume while the exposure is related to the importance of the connections and it is evaluated in social, economic or safety terms. The methods are applied to a district metered area of the Harrogate network by means of a modified EPANET model, to take into account the pressure-driven functioning conditions of the system. The results show that the exposure can lead to a different sensor location ranking with respect to other criteria used and hence the proposed methodology can represent a useful tool for water system managers to distribute the sensors in the network, complying with hydraulic, social and economical requirements.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of biofilm-mediated pathogen persistence in a water distribution network with time-constant flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SADIQAH AL MARZOOQ ◽  
ALVARO ORTIZ-LUGO ◽  
BENJAMIN L. VAUGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Time Behaviour ◽  
Long Time Behaviour ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Non Linear System

In industrialized nations, potable water is often provided through sophisticated water distribution systems. If pathogenic bacteria are introduced into the water distribution network, the presence of a biofilm can lead to biofilm-assisted retention of the pathogens, affecting the potability of the water. To study the dynamics of planktonic and biofilm-bound pathogens within the large network of pipes in a water distribution system, we develop a network model governing the concentration of introduced pathogens within the bulk fluid and the biofilms lining the pipes. Under time-constant flow regimes within the network, we prove that the long-time behaviour of the entire network is dependent on the Lyapunov exponents for each connection in the network when viewed in isolation and the network connectivity. An efficient algorithm is developed for predicting the long-time behaviour of the pathogen population within large networks using the network's topological ordering. The algorithm's predictions are validated using numerical simulations of the full non-linear system on a range of water distribution network sizes.

scholarly journals Design optimization of water distribution networks: real-world case study with penalty-free multi-objective genetic algorithm using pressure-driven simulation

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiku T Tanyimboh ◽  
Alemtsehay G Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Real World ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Active Constraint ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm

Water distribution systems are an integral part of the economic infrastructure of modern-day societies. However, previous research on the design optimization of water distribution systems generally involved few decision variables and consequently small solution spaces; piecemeal-solution methods based on pre-processing and search space reduction; and/or combinations of techniques working in concert. The present investigation was motivated by the desire to address the above-mentioned issues including those associated with the lack of high-performance computing (HPC) expertise and limited access in developing countries. More specifically, the article’s aims are, firstly, to solve a practical water distribution network design optimization problem and, secondly, to develop and demonstrate a generic multi-objective genetic algorithm capable of achieving optimal and near-optimal solutions on complex real-world design optimization problems reliably and quickly. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was developed that applies sustained and extensive exploration of the active constraint boundaries. The computational efficiency was demonstrated by the small fraction of 10-245 function evaluations relative to the size of the solution space. Highly competitive solutions were achieved consistently, including a new best solution. The water utility’s detailed distribution network model in EPANET 2 was used for the hydraulic simulations. Therefore, with some additional improvements, the optimization algorithm developed could assist practitioners in day-to-day planning and design.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical effects of flow hydraulics and pipe geometry on leakage behavior of laboratory water network distribution systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Nabil ◽  
Fahad Alhaddad ◽  
Mohamed Dawood ◽  
Osama Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Network System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Laboratory Water

Abstract. As the leakage behavior of water distribution network is considered life-threatening and critical issue, so the behavior of water distribution network system is investigated experimentally and numerically under the effect of different positions and flow rates of leakage outlets taking into consideretion the flowhydraulics and pipe geametry. A laboratory model of the real studied water distribution network is constructed. The laboratory water distribution network is horizontal and has 16 loops with total length 30 m and different diameters. The leakage position in the laboratory water distribution network is altered between main, sub-main and branch pipelines with different flow rates. The characteristics of the ideal laboratory water distribution network with no-leakage are studied first. The studied laboratory water distribution network system parameters are solved theoretically using Hardy-Cross method with seven iterations. The studied water distribution network system was simulated using computational fluid dynamics technique Ansys Fluent 18.2. The aim is to modify the ancient water distribution network by sensing the pressure values using dispersed pressure sensors. Also, from the pressure map of the laboratory water distribution network, the leakage position if exist can be localized. Depending on the sensed pressure, the control circuit programmed to close the corresponding solenoid valves. The leakage flow rates are 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 L/s and changed between the main and sub-main pipes. The maximum pressure drop around 500 pa at the node directly preceding the leakage point at leakage flow rate 0.4 L/s. The performance of the used solenoid valve is simulated using Matlab-Simulink technique. The simulation results show the response to step down control signal is over damped with steady state error 2 % and settling time 0.6 s.

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