scholarly journals The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
The Past

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Potential Impact of Energy Recovery and Pipe Replacement on Leakage Reduction in a Medium Sized District Metered Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12929
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Pipe Replacement ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Societies

The drive for sustainable societies with more resilient infrastructure networks has catalyzed interest in leakage reduction as a subsequent benefit to energy recovery in water distribution systems. Several researchers have conducted studies and piloted successful energy recovery installations in water distribution systems globally. Challenges remain in the determination of the number, location, and optimal control setting of energy recovery devices. The PERRL 2.0 procedure was developed, employing a genetic algorithm through extended period simulations, to identify and optimize the location and size of hydro-turbine installations for energy recovery. This procedure was applied to the water supply system of the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Several suitable locations for pressure reduction, with energy recovery installations between 600 and 800 kWh/day were identified, with the potential to also reduce leakage in the system by 2 to 4%. Coupling the energy recovery installations with a pipe replacement model showed a further reduction in leakage up to a total of above 6% when replacing 10% of the aged pipes within the network. Several solutions were identified on the main supply line and the addition of a basic water balance, to the analysis, was found valuable in preliminarily evaluation and identification of the more sustainable solutions.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Sensor Placement and Pressure Reducing Valve Localization for Pressure Control of Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao ◽  
Hopfgarten ◽  
Ostfeld ◽  
Salomons ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

Many studies on pressure sensor (PS) placement and pressure reducing valve (PRV) localization in water distribution systems (WDSs) have been made with the objective of improving water leakage detection and pressure reduction, respectively. However, due to varying operation conditions, it is expected to realize pressure control using a number of PSs and PRVs to keep minimum operating pressure in real-time. This study aims to investigate the PS placement and PRV localization for the purpose of pressure control system design for WDSs. For such a control system, a PS should be positioned to represent the pressure patterns of a region of the WDS. Correspondingly, a PRV should be located to achieve a maximum pressure reduction between two neighboring regions. According to these considerations, an approach based on the k-means++ method for simultaneously determining the numbers and positions of both PSs and PRVs is proposed. Results from three case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach. It is shown that the sensors positioned have a high accuracy of pressure representation and the valves localized lead to a significant pressure reduction.

scholarly journals Average Operating Pressure Effect on Water Supply Systems Performances. A Case Study for 12 Romanian Small Water Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
E. Vitan ◽  
Anca Hotupan ◽  
Adriana Hadarean
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Small Water

Abstract The performance evaluation of an implemented water distribution network is in tight relation with the choice of adequate measures for water loss reduction. Hence, the consequences of placing the water network in a wrong performance category are bad and will conduct to unreasonably costs or considerable water loss volumes. Therefore, the evaluation of the water network performance level based on both Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) indicators is to be recommended. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of water distribution systems based on the calculated performance indicators NRW and ILI. For this purpose, collected data for a period of one year from 12 Romanian small water distribution systems and two simplified average pressure determination methods were used.

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