scholarly journals Effective Evaluation of Infiltration and Storage Measures in Sponge City Construction: A Case Study of Fenghuang City

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Zhou ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Yingdong Yu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
City Construction ◽  
And Storage

In recent years, urban waterlogging problems have become more and more serious, which has led to flood disasters in some cities. The Chinese government launched the sponge city pilot construction in 2015 to mitigate the risk of urban flooding and control the runoff in source areas. Rain-runoff control is one of the main indices of a sponge city, thus, evaluating its control effect is essential for sponge city construction. This paper chose Fenghuang city, located in the west of Hunan province, as a case study area to assess the rainwater control effect by using the MIKE FLOOD model. The results showed that: (1) the total annual runoff control rate (TARCR) of sponge city design was a reasonable indicator for daily rainwater control; (2) the goal of Fenghuang Sponge City was close to the 1-year rainfall event; and (3) infiltration and storage measures could reduce but not eliminate urban waterlogging. The capacity of the drainage system should be fundamentally improved to enhance the prevention standards of urban waterlogging.

scholarly journals Research on SWMM Runoff Control Index Decomposition Based on Constraint Optimization Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Shiyuan Huang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Hongqin Zhang ◽  
Zhipeng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Constraint Optimization ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
City Construction

The “Sponge City Construction Technical Guide” mentions the method for decomposing and implementing the annual total runoff control rate: volume method and model simulation method. Through research, it is found that the two are based on the control detailed planning level in decomposing the scale parameters of LID facilities. The indicators to each block are allocated through repeated tests through experience and trial calculations, resulting in a lack of scientific rationality in the process and results of the indicator decomposition, and because the Guide is still in the trial stage, there are few researches on the decomposition of runoff control indicators represented by SWMM. Therefore, with the help of MATLAB’s constraint optimization module and SWMM hydro-hydraulic model, this study proposes a complete set of decomposition ideas and methods for the decomposition and implementation of the annual runoff total control rate in the special planning of sponge city, and the index decomposition process through relevant cases Elaborate.

scholarly journals A New Strategy for Sponge City Construction of Urban Roads: Combining the Traditional Functions with Landscape and Drainage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3469
Author(s):  
Chengyao Wei ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Peirong Li ◽  
Bingdang Wu ◽  
Hanhan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
City Construction

Urban roads play a key role in sponge city construction, especially because of their drainage functions. However, efficient methods to enhance their drainage performance are still lacking. Here, we propose a new strategy to combine roads, green spaces, and the drainage system. Generally, by considering the organization of the runoff and the construction of the drainage system (including sponge city facilities) as the core of the strategy, the drainage and traffic functions were combined. This new strategy was implemented in a pilot study of road reconstruction conducted in Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China. Steel slag was used in the structural layers to enhance the water permeability of the pavement and the removal of runoff pollutants. The combined effects of this system and of the ribbon biological retention zone, allowed achieving an average removal rate of suspended solids, a chemical oxygen demand, a removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of 71.60%, 78.35%, 63.93%, and 49.47%; in contrast, a traditional road could not perform as well. Furthermore, the volume control rate of the annual runoff met the construction requirements (70%). The results of the present study indicate that, combining the traditional basic functions of roads with those of landscape and drainage might be a promising strategy for sponge city construction of urban road.

scholarly journals Carbon Reduction Effects of Sponge City Construction: A Case Study of the City of Xiamen

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Zhaohui Yang ◽  
Yingdong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sponge City ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Sponge city construction in China: policy and implementation experiences

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Xiang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Chao Mei ◽  
Jinjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Abstract To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.

scholarly journals Assessing Sponge Cities Performance at City Scale Using Remotely Sensed LULC Changes: Case Study Nanjing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Dafang Fu ◽  
Chris Zevenbergen ◽  
Tim Busker ◽  
Meixiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Over Time

As a result of high-density urbanization and climate change, both the frequency and intensity of extreme urban rainfall are increasing. Drainage systems are not designed to cope with this increase, and as a result, floods are becoming more common in cities, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of China. To better cope with more frequent and severe urban flooding and to improve the water quality of stormwater runoff, the Chinese government launched the national Sponge City Construction (SCC) program in 2014. The current SCC design standards and guidelines are based on static values (e.g., return periods, rainfall intensities, and volume capture ratio (VCR)). They do not fully acknowledge the large differences in climate conditions across the country and assume that the hydraulic conditions will not change over time. This stationary approach stems from the traditional engineering approach designed for grey infrastructure (following a “one size fits all” approach). The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the VCR baseline (before construction in the pre-development stage) and changes in VCR (difference between the VCR of the pre- and post-development stage). The VCR of the post-development stage is one of the required indicators of the Assessment Standard for Sponge Cities Effects to evaluate SCC projects. In this study, the VCR was derived from remote-sensing-based land use land cover (LULC) change analysis, applying an unsupervised classification algorithm on different Landsat images from 1985 to 2015. A visualization method (based upon Sankey chart, which depicts the flows and their proportions of components) and a novel and practical partitioning method for built-up regions were developed to visualize and quantify the states and change flows of LULC. On the basis of these findings, we proposed a new indicator, referred to as VCRa-L, in order to assess the changes in urban hydrology after SCC construction. This study employed the city of Nanjing as a case study and analyzed detailed information on how LULC changes over time of built-up areas. The surface area of the urban and built-up areas of Nanjing quadrupled from 11% in 1985 to 44% in 2015. In the same period, neither the entire city nor its subregions reached the VCR target of 80%. The proposed new methodology aims to support national, regional, and city governments to identify and prioritize where to invest and implement SCC measures more effectively in cities across China.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Migration on the Spread of COVID-19: A Case Study of Guangdong Province and Hunan Province in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Rong Xing ◽  
Ming-Tao Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Gui-Quan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Resumption ◽  
Emergency Measures

On the eve of the Spring Festival in 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported. Subsequently, the Chinese government at all levels took emergency measures to control the spread of COVID-19 among people. Guangdong and Hunan are large population floating provinces. The spread of COVID-19 is affected by population migration. Before the Spring Festival, Guangdong and Hunan Provinces dominated population export and import, respectively; after the Spring Festival, the trend of population flow was reversed by the resumption of work. Taking Guangdong and Hunan as examples, we establish a three-stage dynamical model to study the impact of population migration on the spread of COVID-19. The result reveals that Guangdong Province mainly emigrated the population and the scale of infection was reduced before the Spring Festival. However, the situation in Hunan Province was just the opposite. After the Spring Festival, work resumption was taking place across China and the migration of Guangdong may cause a second outbreak of the epidemic. While people in Hunan leave the province to work, the migration of population will have little effect on the spread of COVID-19.

An integrated urban stormwater model system supporting the whole life cycle of sponge city construction programs in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihu Deng ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhiyu Shao ◽  
Wentao Yan ◽  
Hongxiang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Model System ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Stormwater System

Abstract The nationwide Sponge City Construction (SCC) program was launched by the Chinese government in 2014. There is a lack of an integrated model system to assist the efforts throughout all the SCC phases, including planning, design, construction, evaluation and maintenance stages. In this study, an integrated stormwater system named Uwater was developed based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, in which a comprehensive open-source urban stormwater runoff model called Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was embedded. The platform utilized the spatial data management tools in GIS to extract the discrete spatial information such as land use and vegetation cover condition to obtain the composite hydrologic parameters required in the SWMM simulations. The system also fully uses the visualization capabilities of GIS to assist visual design of the Low Impact Development (LID) facilities and Capital Improvement Projects frequently used in the SCC programs. Furthermore, it could be used to assess the drainage capacity of the stormwater system and the corresponding inundation limits for further optimization of the design plans. Finally, a study case using the platform was conducted to test and verify the reliability and applicability of the Uwater system. Results show that the Uwater platform has great strengths and potential to assist the whole life cycle in the SCC program.

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