scholarly journals Investigating on the Iconic Gas Compositions Produced by Low-Temperature Heating Cotton

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Hetao Su ◽  
Jingdong Shi ◽  
Huaijun Ji ◽  
Jiake Li ◽  
Jingru Fan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Joint Detection ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Cotton Sample ◽  
Sequential Generation ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Long Chain

This study aims at achieving the generation laws of the iconic gas compositions produced during the process of the cotton smoldering. A mini tube furnace was used to heat a long-staple cotton sample from Xinjiang, China, and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was applied to analyze the produced organic and inorganic gas composition at different low temperatures ranging from 95 °C to 185 °C. Besides, a thermogravimetric experiment under air atmosphere was done in order to verify the correctness of the inferences. The pathways of product generation by heating cotton were set forth, including the depolymerization of the cotton cellulose, the sequential generation of coke, low molecular weight products, long chain carboxylic acids, levoglucosenone, and acetone at 125 °C, and the generation of hydrogen at 95 °C, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide at 145 °C, and methane during the heating process. The results showed that the alkanes, furans, alkenes, aldehydes, hydrazines, and acids could not be regarded as the iconic gas compositions because of their little proportion, the joint detection of the methane and hydrogen could be used to predicate the smoldering, and the acetone and carbon monoxide could be used to confirm the smoldering stage. The results of the thermogravimetric experiment are consistent with theoretical analysis, indicating that analyses are reliable. This work will provide significant practice foundation for the early warning and prevention of cotton fires.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hierarchical Dorsal SpineAg2SStructures by a Solid-Vapor Reaction: The Effect of Reagent Gas Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Muñiz-Lerma ◽  
J. F. Hernández-Paz ◽  
J. R. Farias-Mancilla ◽  
P. E. García Casillas ◽  
C. A. Rodriguez González
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Silver Sulfide ◽  
Dorsal Spine ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Spine Morphology ◽  
Sulfur Atmosphere ◽  
High Plastic

Silver sulfide hierarchical structures with unique dorsal spine morphology were successfully synthesized on mechanically deformed silver substrates by simple solid-vapor reactions. It has been found that it is possible to change the structures morphology by changing the reagent gas composition. The carbon monoxide (CO) presence in a reactive sulfur atmosphere was found to be the key for growing the dorsal spine structures. In all cases, theAg2Sstructures grew on the edge of the silver substrates where high plastic deformation occurred.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Gases within the Combustion Coal of a Cigarette

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Baker ◽  
K.D. Kilburn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Carbon Oxides ◽  
Sampling Probe ◽  
Combustion Region

AbstractMeasurements have been made of the distribution of temperature and low molecular weight gases within a burning cigarette, using a sampling probe coupled directly to a mass spectrometer (or Bosch carbon monoxide meter). The interior of the combustion coal is effectively an oxygen-deficient pyrolytic region. The oxides of carbon are produced in two distinct regions: a high-temperature (about 400-800°C) combustion region and a low- temperature (about 150-400°C) pyrolysis region. In the high-temperature coal the carbonised tobacco acts very much as a classical oxidizing solid fuel bed of carbon to give the two carbon oxides (and water). In the low-temperature region behind the coaI tobacco decomposes to give a substantiaI proportion of the carbon oxides and a major proportion of the hydrocarbons found in mainstream smoke.

Development and Commercialization of Large Stationary Engines Utilizing Low BTU Fuel Containing H2/CO

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Toombs ◽  
T. Stowell ◽  
N. Austin ◽  
P. Danyluk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cabot Corporation ◽  
Development Cycle

In 1996 Cabot Corporation begun development of engines capable of burning the off-gas from a pyrolysis process used to make carbon black. The fuel gas comes off the process at near atmospheric pressure, high temperature, and saturated with water. After de-watering the gas composition was approximately 16–20% Hydrogen, 16–20% Carbon Monoxide, 1–3% Sulfur compounds and the rest Nitrogen and water. Dewatered heating value of the fuel was around 3350–3720 kJ/nm3. Many engine configurations including both spark and oil ignited were evaluated to utilize this low energy fuel. The paper describes the development cycle and the early experience at commercialization at three sites.

A family of low-molecular-weight organogelators based on long chain substituted benzoic acid hydrazides

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhui Tan ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Ran Lu ◽  
Pengchong Xue ◽  
Chunyan Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Organogelators ◽  
Long Chain

Effects of Ultrasonic and Physical-Rays Treatment on the Molecular Structures of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5550-5554
Author(s):  
Ming Hui ◽  
Chun Yuan Gao ◽  
Qing Tian ◽  
Xiao Bo Du ◽  
Xiang Long Yin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Long Chain

Molecule structures of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) were modified by ultrasonic, UV and 60Co γ-rays irradiation treatments, which might be used to prepare the polymer with low molecular weight. When 10 g/l γ-PGA solution was sonicated 60 times (400W, working time 3 s and interval 4 s) or that of 20 g/l solution was irradiated from 2 kGy to 10 kGy, the long-chain molecules were broken into smaller fragments. But, as the same solution of 10 g/l was irradiated by UV rays for 10 min, the molecular aggregates were observed in the solution so that the molecular weight distribution of γ-PGA became narrower compared with the control through the analysis of SDS-PAGE. These results would have a reference of the modification of γ-PGA molecules and the production of low molecular weight γ-PGA.

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