scholarly journals Olfactory Laterality Is Valence-Dependent in Mice

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Jozet-Alves ◽  
Solenn Percelay ◽  
Valentine Bouet
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Female Urine ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Olfactory Processing ◽  
The Right

(1) Background: Although olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in rodents, studies focusing on lateralisation of olfactory processing remain scarce, and they are limited to the exploration of brain asymmetries. This study aimed to test whether outbred and inbred mice (NMRI and C57BL/6J mice strains) show nostril-use preference in processing olfactory stimuli differing in terms of emotional valence under unrestrained conditions. (2) Methods: Five odour stimuli were used in the study: vanilla, female urine, garlic, rat, distilled water. We measured the number of times mice used their left or right nostril for each testing session. (3) Results: We here showed that mice preferentially used their right nostril when sniffing attractive stimuli (female urine, vanilla), and their left nostril when sniffing aversive stimuli (rat odour). Results were consistent for both strains. (4) Conclusions: Surprisingly, the results obtained seem opposite to the valence theory assessing that the left and the right hemispheres are dominant in processing stimuli with a positive and a negative valence, respectively. It remains to be determined whether this valence-dependent pattern is specific or not to olfaction in mice. These new findings will be important to better understand how both hemispheres contribute to odour processing in rodents.

Handedness affects Emotional Valence Asymmetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. McFarland ◽  
Robert Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Processing

Music was played monaurally to 80 right-handed and 80 left-handed subjects. Right-handers reported more positive and less negative affect if the music was to the right ear. Left-handers reported experiencing more positive and less negative affect during music to the left ear. The hand × ear interaction was significant. The valence of emotional responses to the music seems influenced by a combination of at least two factors, (1) differences between left- and right-handers in the cerebral processing of emotional valence and (2) differences in the processing of emotional valence within each handedness group depending upon which hemisphere was initially most strongly engaged by the music. These results partially corroborate and extend the findings of previous studies in which briefer stimuli were presented tachistoscopically or dichotically. It is concluded that, while there is hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of emotional valence, the direction of the asymmetry may be associated with the handedness of the subjects.

scholarly journals Koji je administrativni status rimskog naselja na Ilidži? / What was the administrative status of the Roman settlement in Ilidža?

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-178
Author(s):  
Amra Šačić Beća
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Administrative Development ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Res Publica

Medicinal sulfuric springs at present-day Ilidža helped to create Roman thermae that gave the Roman municipium the name Aquae. Systematic archaeological examinations conducted by Carl Patch and Esad Pašalić suggest that this Roman  settlement in Ilidža had existed without interruptions from the 1st  to the 4th  century. Based on the comparison of literary sources and the results of archaeologic research and epigraphic inscriptions, this paper will determine the genesis of administrative development of this Roman administrative unit whose administration included the upper course of the Bosna river and the Sarajevo area. This is an attempt at answering the following question: «Can we speak of Aquae in the context of Roman  citizens at all?” Another important question is what methodology should we use to  treat the expression res publica Aquae S(...?) that was carved on the base of Diocletian’s statue discovered in Ilidža. BiH scholarship has so far based its understanding  of this term on Mócsy’s definition of the noun phrase res publica in the context  of “pseudo-municipal” status. The results of analysis of inscriptions found on epigraphic monuments that will be presented in this paper suggest that one should  step away from understanding the phrase res publica as an administrative category. Finally, we should point out that the objective of this paper is to present the territorial and administrative development of Aquae, as it is an exact example of the  Roman municipalization model in the provincial interior. This interior was usually geographically very distant from the most important economic and urban centers  of the Roman Empire that has also left an impact on its cultural and historical development. Systematic archaeological research on the right bank of the Željeznica river  in 2016 and 2017 has revealed several stratigraphic layers which include, among others, the ancient period. These new findings have been discovered more to the  east compared to the previous findings, indicating that the urban complex of Aquae  had been expanding toward the Sarajevo area.

Stabilizing Effect of Yawning on Nasal Cycle

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Left Nostril ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fourth Mode

The dominant passability of the left or right nostril in terms of nasal air resistance can be classified into 4 main modes. In the first mode, both nostrils are closed and have equal and low air passability. In the second mode, the passability of the right nostril is higher than the left. In the third mode, the passability of the left nostril is higher than the right. In the fourth mode, both nostrils are open and passability of nostrils is equal and high. The first and fourth modes are unstable (with duration- minutes). The second and third modes are stable (with duration-hours). Author presents a yawning as physiological reflex leading to transition from unstable to stable modes.

scholarly journals Week-by-week changes in sleep EEG in healthy full-term newborns

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Corsi-Cabrera ◽  
Lourdes Cubero-Rego ◽  
Josefina Ricardo-Garcell ◽  
Thalia Harmony
Keyword(s):  
Full Term ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Right

Abstract Spectral analysis of neonatal sleep is useful for studying brain maturation; however, most studies have analyzed conventional broad bands described for awake adults, so a distinct approach for EEG analysis may disclose new findings. Study Objectives To extract independent EEG broad bands using principal component analysis (PCA) and describe week-by-week EEG changes in quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life in healthy, full-term newborns. Methods Polysomnography of spontaneous sleep was recorded in 60 newborns in 5 groups at 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 weeks (n = 12 each) postconceptional age (POST-C). QS and AS stages were identified. Absolute power (AP) for 1 Hz bins between 1 and 30 Hz was subjected to PCA to extract independent broad bands. Results PCA rendered three independent broad bands distinct from conventional bands. They explained 82.8% of variance: 2–10 Hz, 10–16 Hz, and 17–30 Hz. ANOVAs (group × age × derivations) showed significant higher power at 2–10 Hz with greater age, higher power in QS than AS in all three bands, and significantly higher AP in the left central region, and in the right occipital and temporal areas, in both sleep stages. Conclusion A different method of analyzing sleep EEG generated new information on brain maturation. The Sigma frequencies identified suggest that sleep spindle maturation begins by at least 41 weeks of POST-C age. Interhemispheric asymmetries during sleep suggest earlier development of the central left region and the right occipital and temporal areas.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Units

1968 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg H. Schmid ◽  
Hans Gaffron
Keyword(s):  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Unit ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
The Right

Leaf tissues of aurea mutants of tobacco and Lespedeza have been shown to have higher photosynthetic capacity per molecule of chlorophyll, a higher saturation intensity, a simpler lamellar structure, and the same quantum yield as their dark green parents. Here we report on the values of photosynthetic units for both types of plants and some algae. The unit has been assumed to be about as uniform and steady in the plant world as the quantum efficiency. The number on which all theoretical discussions have been based so far is 2400 per O2 evolved or CO2 reduced. With dark green plants and algae our determinations of units by means of 40 µsec flashes superimposed on a steady rate of background photosynthesis at 900 ergs cm-2 sec-1 of red light yielded mostly numbers between 2000 and 2700. However, the photosynthetic unit turned out to be very variable, even in these objects. In aurea mutants the unit was distinctly smaller, averaging 600 chl/CO2. By choosing the right combination of colors for flash and background light, units as low as 300 chl/CO2 or 40 chl/e- could be measured consistently. We found five well-defined groups of units composed of multiples of its smallest member. These new findings are discussed in terms of structural entities that double or divide under the influence of far-red light.

Nostril Dominance (Svara) and Bilateral Volar Galvanic Skin Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Mitti Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The Svara- Yoga concept of ida-, pingala- andsushumna-svara—representing rest, active,and turbulent states—was examined in this study by recording nostril dominance (svara) and bilateral volar GSR (galvanic skin resistance) as an indicator of sympathetic activity under field and laboratory conditions. Sympathetic activity was low in the ida-svara (left nostril dominance) group,higher in the pingala-svara (right nostril dominance)group, and was maximum in the sushumna-svara(undecided nostril dominance) group of subiects under both field and laboratory conditions. This finding agreed with the traditional Svara-Yoga descriptions. The volar GSR on the right side more readily varied with the svara than the left volar GSR, particularly in the physically relaxed subjects under laboratory conditions. The latter observation was worth noting because the subjects were right-handed. The right side could be recommended as the standard site for recording volar GSR to closely reflect the sympathetic activity,particularly so when subjects were given the opportunity for physical rest.

Nostril Advantage in Trigeminal/Olfactory Perception and Its Relation to Handedness

Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Manescu ◽  
Benjhyna Daniel ◽  
Renée-Pier Filiou ◽  
Franco Lepore ◽  
Johannes Frasnelli
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Chemosensory Perception ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Mixtures

Introduction Few studies investigated nostril-advantage in chemosensory perception, particularly, in relation to handedness. The aim of the present article was therefore to assess whether trigeminal/olfactory perception is altered by handedness. Methods We tested 50 (all right-handed) and 43 (22 left-handed) participants in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. We used binary mixtures of cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptol, in different proportions presented as physical mixtures (the same exact mixture presented birhinally to each nostril) or as a dichorhinic mixtures (different mixtures presented to each nostril). Presenting dichorhinic mixtures allowed us to assess nostril dominance based on participants’ report on whether the mixture smelled more like cinnamon or eucalyptus. Participants also evaluated whether the stimuli were “painful,” “warm,” “cold,” and “intense” on visual scales. Results In Study 1, we find that in right handers, stimuli presented to the right nostril dominated over those presented to the left nostril. These stimuli were also rated as more “painful” and “intense.” In Study 2, we could not corroborate the findings in the right-handed individuals, and we found limited support for a nostril advantage left-handed individuals. Conclusion Although our data points toward a certain nostril advantage in chemosensory perception, the finding is not systematic, we discuss possible underlying factors.

Face recognition impairments

1992 ◽  
Vol 335 (1273) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Types Of Error ◽  
Schematic Form

Face recognition impairments are often found in the context of brain injury involving the right cerebral hemisphere. Recognition impairments can be dissociated from impairments affecting the processing of other types of information carried by the face, such as expression. The face recognition impairments themselves take different forms, corresponding to idealized stages or levels of recognition. These types of error can also arise as transitory phenomena in normal everyday life. From these observations, psychologists have proposed functional models that characterize the organization of the face processing system in schematic form. Such models provide useful ways of summarizing what is known. More importantly, they also allow new findings to act as tests of each model’s usefulness by the extent to which they can be readily accommodated or force revision. Examples of this are briefly considered, including delusional misidentification, impaired learning of new faces, disordered attention to faces, ‘covert’ recognition in prosopagnosia, and unawareness of impaired face recognition.

scholarly journals Oxazepam and cognitive reappraisal: a randomised experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Armita Golkar ◽  
Andreas Olsson ◽  
Karolina Sörman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Negative Valence

AbstractBackgroundCognitive reappraisal is a strategy for emotional regulation, important in the context of anxiety disorders. It is not known whether anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines affect cognitive reappraisal.AimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal.MethodsIn a preliminary investigation, 33 healthy male volunteers were randomised to oxazepam or placebo, and then underwent an experiment where they were asked to use cognitive reappraisal to upregulate or downregulate their emotional response to images with negative or neutral emotional valence. We recorded unpleasantness ratings, skin conductance, superciliary corrugator muscle activity, and heart rate. Participants completed rating scales measuring empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TAS-20), and psychopathy (Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised, PPI-R).ResultsUpregulation to negative-valence images in the cognitive reappraisal task caused increased unpleasantness ratings, corrugator activity, and heart rate compared to downregulation. Upregulation to both negative- and neutral-valence images caused increased skin conductance responses. Oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings to negative-valence stimuli, but did not interact with reappraisal instruction on any outcome. Self-rated trait empathy was associated with stronger responses to negative-valence stimuli, whereas self-rated psychopathic traits were associated with weaker responses to negative-valence stimuli.ConclusionsWhile 25 mg oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings in response to negative-valence images, we did not observe an effect of 25 mg oxazepam on emotional reappraisal.

scholarly journals Goodness of the side of the dominant hand: A registered direct replication of Casasanto (2009)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Fumiya Yonemitsu ◽  
Yuki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Negative Valence

People associate emotional valence with the side of their dominant and non-dominant hands. Specifically, positive (negative) valence is linked with the side of dominant (non-dominant) hand known as the horizontal-valence metaphor. A previous study demonstrated that participants placed a good (bad) object on the side of their dominant (non-dominant) hand (Casasanto, 2009, J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen, 138, 351–367). This phenomenon indicates that the horizontal-valence metaphor influences our behavior. However, subsequent studies reported that the effect of the horizontal-valence metaphor was not found in the other tasks. These studies raise the following question: Is the effect of the horizontal-valence metaphor robust? In the present registered report, we conducted a direct replication of Experiment 1 from Casasanto’s study (2009). We could not replicate the results of right-handers in the previous study. Moreover, most of the effect sizes in present research were small even though their results were statistically significant. Our findings throw doubt on the robustness of the horizontal-valence metaphor. #Pre-registration of the study can be found at https://psyarxiv.com/rfvp2

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