Urban platforms as a mode of governance

This article provides an analysis of urban platform governance by mapping out the major forms of public governance and depicting the role of platforms in this field. By fusing theoretical analyses and empirical views from three urban platforms set up by the largest cities in Finland, we assess the relevance of platforms as an emerging form of local public governance. It is plausible to view platforms as hybrids that incorporate features of both networks and markets, and, to some extent, even hierarchies. However, platforms also have some irreducible features, which makes it possible to perceive them as a fourth mode of governance. Platform logic broadens the view of network governance to a broader set of connections, the orchestration of multiple logics and ecosystem thinking. Points for practitioners Today, city governments create and maintain urban platforms to bring together different actors and enable value-added collaboration in service provision, governance and planning. This article helps local policymakers and managers understand platform logic in involving various audiences in the creation of public value. When governing platforms, local public managers may use many of the same methods as with networks. Platform governance, however, extends the view to a broader set of connections, the orchestration of multiple logics and ecosystem thinking.

Stabilizing Effect of Yawning on Nasal Cycle

The dominant passability of the left or right nostril in terms of nasal air resistance can be classified into 4 main modes. In the first mode, both nostrils are closed and have equal and low air passability. In the second mode, the passability of the right nostril is higher than the left. In the third mode, the passability of the left nostril is higher than the right. In the fourth mode, both nostrils are open and passability of nostrils is equal and high. The first and fourth modes are unstable (with duration- minutes). The second and third modes are stable (with duration-hours). Author presents a yawning as physiological reflex leading to transition from unstable to stable modes.

Psaltic repertoire, authors and transcribers of Ms. Rom.- Greek 23 Anthologhion from the “Dumitru Stăniloae” Ecumenical Library of the Metropolitan Church of Moldova and Bukovina in Iasi

The present study concerns the musical repertoire in the Romanian-Greek manuscript inventory number 23 from the ‘Dumitru Stăniloae’ Ecumenical Library of of the Metropolitan Church of Moldavia and Bukovina in Iasi, its authors, and the musical sources these authors used. The musical content of the manuscript is comparatively rich; there are mainly chants from the Holy Liturgy, Vespers and Matins. From the service of the Holy Liturgy, it stands out the group of “extensive” style cherouvika composed by Konstantinos Potopsaltis, translated in Romanian version, less commonly found in the Moldavian manuscripts. Among the chants of the Vespers, the psalm Blessed be the man is noteworthy. The present version belongs to Chiril the Monk from the Bisericani Monastery (Neamt County), who was active in the first half of the nineteenth century. Also prominent in the manuscript is a type of chant belonging to the Matins, the polyeleos. A good word, one such polyeleos, devoted to the feast of the Theotokon, is found in three versions. One of them, authored by Chiril the Monk, is in the third mode, while the other two are in the fourth mode, legetos. The first fourth mode polyeleos can be traced back to a source by Greek composer Chourmouzios the Archivist, but the Romanian author of the musical adaptation is not specified. The second one, in the “abridged”, “syntoma” style, was composed by Dimitrie Suceveanu. The fourth polyeleos in the Ms. no. 23, By the River of Babylon is one specific of the Great Lent. This polyeleos is distinct from the pieces that was musically translated by the Romanian composer Nektarios Frimu in the first volume of his Antology (published in 1846). Ms. no. 23 is significant because of its repertoire, but also because it is part of a group of five manuscripts, belonging to different documentary funds, yet each was compiled by the same talented copyist and composer, the monk Chiril from the Bisericani Monastery of Neamt county, as Byzantinologist Alexie Buzera also notes in one of his studies (1998). It must also be mentioned that the musical variants authored by Chiril the Monk were published only fragmentarily.

Analysis of the Leakage-Flow-Induced Vibration of a Slip Joint in a Jet Pump of a Boiling Water Reactor

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the structural integrity of the jet pump assembly of a BWR during the performance of its operational and safety functions. The natural frequencies and vibration modes of the jet pump assembly immersed in water were determined. It was observed that the fourth mode shape was torsional, and its associated resonance frequency was 41.82 Hz. Also, the vibration induced by the flow in the leakage of the slip joint was analyzed with an axisymmetric model. The gap of the slip joint was varied from 0.2 mm until 0.65bmm. A gap between 0.6 and 0.64, would cause flow-induced vibration because this excitation frequency matches with the fourth natural frequency of the jet pump assembly. The above was carried out using computational fluid dynamics, as well as the finite element method, with ANSYS Structural and ANSYS Fluent codes.

Effects of the angle of impact on the aeroacoustic feedback mechanism in supersonic impinging planar jets

Three planar impinging supersonic jets of infinite extent are simulated using compressible large eddy simulations in order to study the effects of the angle of impact on the flow and acoustic fields of the jet. At the exit of a nozzle of height h, they are ideally expanded and have an exit velocity uj, yielding a Mach number of 1.28 and a Reynolds number of 5 × 104. They impinge on a flat plate at a distance 5.5 h from the nozzle lips with angles of 60°, 75°, and 90° between the jet direction and the plate. Mean velocity flows and snapshots of density, pressure, and vorticity are first shown. The mean convection velocity of the turbulent structures in the jet shear layers is then determined. The sound pressure levels are computed, and several tones due to the presence of a feedback mechanism are found to establish between the nozzle lips and the flat plate. They agree well with the corresponding measurements and with the classical model of the feedback mechanism. Moreover, when the angle of impact deviates from 90° to 75°, a jump from the third to the fourth mode of the feedback mechanism and a reduction in intensity are noted. By applying a Fourier decomposition to the near pressure fields, hydrodynamic–acoustic standing waves are found for each dominant tone frequency. Moreover, as suggested by amplitude fields and velocity spectra in the jet shear layers, the feedback mechanism seems to establish mainly along the lip that is farther away from the plate when the impact angle is not normal. This jump from the third to the fourth mode is similar to the jump observed experimentally for an angle of impact of 90° when the nozzle-to-plate distance increases from 5.5 h to 5.85 h. Finally, for an angle of impact of 60°, it is seen that none of the modes of the feedback persists in time, but that several modes randomly establish during short periods of time. These rapid switches between different modes lead to several tones that are less energetic on average and centered on St = 0.25.

Kondratieff Waves and Technological Modes in Australia`s Economy

The article presents the results of the analysis of Australia`s economic dynamics in order to determine the time of beginning of Kondratieff waves and origin of new technological modes and their productivity. The regression analysis of the time series of Australia real per capita GDP for the period from 1820 to 2008 allowed to determine the date of beginning of the third, fourth and fifth half-waves of Kondratieff cycles and the date of origin of the fourth, fifth and sixth technological modes in Australia`s economy. The results of the analysis showed that the origin of the fourth technological mode in Australia`s economy occurred in the late XIX century, the fifth — in the 1950s, the sixth — in the late XX century. The modeling of technological modes` productivity allowed determining the productivity of relict and modern technological modes in the economy of Australia. The results showed that the productivity of relict modes in Australia`s economy is 3465 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The maximum productivity of the fourth mode is 4437 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990, the fifth — 8874 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The maximum productivity of the sixth mode in the economy of Australia is 26 888 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The results of the research may be used in order to evaluate the productivity of modern technological modes in Russian economy.

Hydroelasticity of Four Flexible Cylinders in Square Arrangement Subjected to Uniform Cross-Flow

Groups of cylinders can be found in many engineering fields such as marine and civil applications. The behavior of the group cylinders can be very complex because it undergoes the mutual effects of adjacent cylinders arranged in different positions. In this paper, the results of a study on the dynamics of a group of flexible cylinders in square arrangements along with a single (isolated) cylinder subjected to uniform cross-flow (CF) are presented. Four flexible cylinders of the same size, properties, and pretensions were tested in two configurations with different center-to-center separations. Reynolds number ranged from 1400 to 20,000 (subcritical regime).The parameter of reduced velocity reached up to 19. The aspect ratio of all the cylinders was 162 (length/diameter). Mass ratio (cylinders mass/displaced water) was 1.17. The amplitude ratio of the CF vibration of the downstream cylinders, hydrodynamic force coefficients including mean and fluctuating components of the drag and lift forces, tension variation of the downstream cylinder, and frequency responses in both CF and inline (IL) directions were analyzed. All the cylinders excited up to the second and fourth mode of vibrations for CF and IL directions, respectively. Mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinders are almost twice those of the downstream cylinders. The mean lift coefficient is much higher for the upstream cylinders than the downstream cylinders with different positive and negative signs. The IL and CF frequencies of the downstream cylinders are lower than those of the upstream ones and the single cylinder.

Sensing Signal and Energy Generation Analysis on a Flexoelectric Beam

Flexoelectricity is known as an electromechanical gradient coupling effect. The direct flexoelectric effect that can convert mechanical strain gradient into electric polarization (or electric field) plays an important role in charge generation in the situation when piezoelectricity is absent. This study focuses on the application of the direct flexoelectric effect based on a flexoelectric cantilever beam to investigate its effectiveness of sensing signal and energy generation. The dielectric cantilever beam is deposited with electrodes both on top and bottom surfaces to generate an electric voltage. The sensing mechanism of flexo-piezo-electric effect is analyzed and the expression of sensing signal is derived. Results show that the output sensing signal is only contributed by the flexoelectric effect while the piezoelectric effect is eliminated due to the symmetric bending strains through the beam thickness. The spatial distribution of sensing signal when the fully covered electrode is uniformly segmented to 10 patches is evaluated as an illustration, and the flexoelectric sensitivity of about 0.15V/mm for the first mode and 4V/mm for the fourth mode is achieved. The optimal sensing position is dependent of the electrode size and the vibration mode and in general, it locates where the difference between the slopes at two ends of the electrode patch reaches maximum. Based on the flexoelectric voltage, the energy generation power is also conducted when the flexoelectric cantilever beam is treated as distributed energy harvesters. As a result, the maximal power of RMS is about 1.5×10−8W/mm for the first mode and increases to about 0.6mW/mm for the fourth mode. It provides an alternative way to harvest electric energy from the ambient vibration without using piezoelectricity.