scholarly journals Effect of New Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Quality and Yield of Potato and Its Associated Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9796
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Atia ◽  
Amira K. Nasrallah ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
Farida F. Kabil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
The Impact

Potato is an economically important vegetable crop in Egypt. Weed infestation, especially broad-leafed, during the vegetative growth stage substantially affects both crop yield and tuber quality. In the current study, the impact of new ready-mix pre-emergent herbicides on broadleaf weeds, tuber yield, and quality was evaluated. The two-year field experiment comprised the following treatments: (1) Un-weeded control, (2) Hand hoeing, (3) Sencor, (4) Ecopart, (5) Zeus, (6) Kroki, and (7) Flomex. The results showed that weed control treatments significantly reduced the weed density compared to un-weeded control and the herbicides efficacy reached over 90%. The herbicidal treatments also significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidases (POX) and catalase (CAT) and improved the non-enzymatic antioxidant (carotenoids) compared to un-weeded control. Conversely, the higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in potato leaves was obtained for un-weeded control. Moreover, weed control treatments caused significant enhancement in plant growth parameters, yield, and its components in addition to tuber quality of potato. Compared to the un-weeded control, maximum tuber yield was observed in Flomex followed by Ecopart, Kroki, Zeus, and Sencor, respectively. The higher number of tubers and total yield were recorded in plants treated with Flomex plus compared to all the other treatments. Higher content of total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, and total starch content was observed in weed control treatments compared with un-weeded control. Based on Pearson’s correlation and heatmap analysis, the changes in agro-physiological parameters data are linked to the herbicidal treatments. The results indicate that the applied herbicides could be alternative products for Sencor and an option for controlling broadleaved weeds. However, further studies are needed to ensure their efficacy and safety under other conditions.

scholarly journals Genotype-Site Interactions in Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Clones of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rawat ◽  
S. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Summary A plantation trial of six selected clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. laid out in randomized block design at four sites in northern India during July, 1996 was evaluated for growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Genotype-site interactions were significant for collar diameter increment, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and starch content at 5 per cent level of significance. The variability estimates for these characters also indicated strong genetic control than the environment. However, stomatal conductance amongst these clones exhibited strong influence of environment that was non-additive in nature.

scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thắng Thanh Trần
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Peanut is am essential legume and has many uses, such as producing oil, food, and fodder. However, with the negative effects of climate change, drought is one especially of the important issues that reduce the yield of peanut. Thus, in this study, the impact of drought stress on the peanut growth was investigated by using PEG-6000 to block pathways of water movement. The changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical during the peanut growth under drought were analyzed. In the drought condition (-2 bar), the germination time of seed increased but the percentage of germination seeds decreased by approximately 50% compared to control. Besides, the shoot height, the number of leaves, the total leaf area, root length, and fresh weight were lower than that of control. Drought stress made the formation quickly of secondary xylem and phloem. Also, the process of lignification in the phloem parenchyma cell increased. These cell walls were much thicker than those in the control root. In the drought stress, the physiological and biochemical analysis showed that the content of chlorophyll a, leaf relative water content, and starch content reduced significantly in comparison to control. Similarly, the photosynthetic intensity, the activity of cytokinin, and gibberellin decreased. The reverse pattern can be seen in the content of carotenoid, epicuticular wax, proline, and total soluble sugar, respiratory intensity, the activity of catalase, auxin, and ABA activity.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERISTIS OF FRUITS AND OILS OF PALMS NATIVE TO THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY DE FÁTIMA GUEDES DOS SANTOS ◽  
RICARDO ELESBÃO ALVES ◽  
EDY SOUSA DE BRITO ◽  
SILVANDA DE MELO SILVA ◽  
MARCIA RÉGIA SOUZA DA SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Palm Trees

ABSTRACT Native palm trees are highly important plant resources for the Amazon region; however, despite the great diversity and utilities, few species have been studied, requiring more comprehensive studies on quality and composition for species not yet explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of fruits and oils of palm trees from the Brazilian Amazon and to identify potential uses. Fruits from five palm trees (bacaba, buriti, inajá, pupunha, and tucumã) were evaluated for total mass, length, diameter, and yield, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), total pectin (TP) soluble pectin (SP), and starch. The oils from the edible portion of fruits were evaluated for acidity and peroxide indexes, oxidative stability, unsaponifiable matter, polar compounds and fatty acids composition analyzed by gas chromatography. Pupunha showed the highest yield of the edible portion (76.38%) and starch content (24.89%). The mesocarp of palm fruits showed SS values between 7.5 and 14.3 ºBrix, low acidity (0.30%), pH (4.2 to 6.3), higher content of total sugars in tucuma and reducing sugars in bacaba and 0.81% for total pectin. The content of lipids was high, ranging from 17.0% for pupunha to 38.3% for bacaba in dry basis. In buriti, tucuma, and bacaba oils, high content of unsaturated fatty acids was found, with more than 83, 75, and 61%, respectively. Therefore, not only fruits but also oils showed excellent quality and great nutritional potential.

scholarly journals Impact of Grapevine Red Blotch Disease on Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Wine Composition and Sensory Attributes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Raul Cauduro Girardello ◽  
Monica L. Cooper ◽  
Larry A. Lerno ◽  
Charles Brenneman ◽  
Sean Eridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
The Impact

Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) is a recently identified viral disease that affects grapevines. GRBD has been shown to impact grapevine physiology and grape composition by altering specific ripening events. However, no studies have been reported on the impact of GRBD on wine composition and its sensory attributes. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on wine primary and secondary metabolites, in addition to its sensory properties, when making wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes during two seasons. Wines made with GRBD-impacted fruit were lower in ethanol content when compared to wines made with grapes from healthy grapevines. This was attributed to the lower total soluble sugar (TSS) levels of diseased grapes due to delayed ripening at harvest. GRBD impacted wine phenolic composition by decreasing anthocyanin concentrations and increasing flavonol concentrations in some instances. Additionally, proanthocyanidin concentrations were also consistently higher in GRBD wines compared to wines made from healthy fruit. Descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes. However, the extent of GRBD impact on wine composition and sensory properties were site and season dependent.

Regulation of 1-MCP-Treated Banana Fruit Quality by Exogenous Ethylene and Temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jiang ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. He ◽  
L. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Temperature Storage

Ripe green banana (Musa sp., AAA group, cv. Zhonggang) fruits treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) significantly delayed the peaks of respiration rate and ethylene production but did not reduce the peak height. Mature banana fruits were also treated with 1-MCP for 24 h at 20 C and then exposed to 50 mL/L ethylene or stored at different temperatures to analyse the effects of external added ethylene. Reductions in firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and starch content (SC) of banana fruits were remarkably delayed by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the increase of total soluble sugar (TSS) and soluble pectin (SP) contents. Soluble solids (SS) content in the 1-MCP-treated fruit remained almost unchanged during the first 10 days of storage at 20 C. No significant differences in TA, TSS, SP and SS levels were observed between the fruit treated with 1-MCP alone and the fruit treated with 1-MCP plus ethylene. The 1-MCP effects on all the parameters related to banana ripening were enhanced by low temperature storage and reduced by high temperature storage.

scholarly journals Study on the in vitro development of Chrysanthymum indicum L. shoots in the salinity stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Trinh Thi Diem Phan ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Vitro Development

In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the salinity stress were analyzed. NaCl at 6 g/L reduced the development of shoot cuttings. Under salinity stress conditions, there have just a little reduction of the chloroplast in parenchymal cells near the midrib of leaf before they turn brown and die. Besides, carotenoid, starch content, and photosynthesis intensity were decreased. In contrast, respiration rate, proline and total soluble sugar content, and the activity of IAA and gibberellin were strongly increased. The application of IAA 0.25 mg/L, zeatin 0.1 mg/L and GA3 0.1 mg/L improved the shoot development in the salinity stress condition. Shoots in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.2 mg/L, NAA 2 mg/L and NaCl 6 g/L grow better in salinity stress condition.

Effects of contrasting shade treatments on the carbon production and antioxidant activities of soybean plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Ling Yang Feng ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Tehseen Ahmad Meraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Soybean Leaves

In China, maize-soybean relay-intercropping system follow the two main planting-patterns: (i) traditional relay-intercropping; maize-soybean equal row planting, where soybean experience severe maize shading on both sides of plants, and (ii) modern relay-intercropping; narrow-wide row planting, in this new planting pattern only one side of soybean leaves suffer from maize shading. Therefore, in this study, changes in morphological traits, cytochrome content, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon status, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were investigated at 30 days after treatment (DAT) in shade-tolerant soybean variety Nandou-12 subjected to three different types of shading conditions; normal light (NL, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under normal light); unilateral shade (US, all right-side trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants from top to bottom were under shade while all the left-side of trifoliate-leaves from top to bottom were in normal light); bilateral shade (BS, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under complete shade). Compared with BS, US conditions decreased plant height and increased stem diameter, leaf area, and biomass at 30 DAT. Biomass distribution rates to stem, petiole and leaves, and photosynthetic characteristics were markedly improved by the US at all sampling stages, which proved to be a better growing condition than BS with respect to shade tolerance. The enhanced net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the left-side leaves (LS) of soybean plants in US, when compared with the LS in BS, allowed them to produce higher total soluble sugar (by 70%) and total soluble protein (by 17%) at 30 DAT which reduce the adverse effects of shading at right-side leaves (RS) of the soybean plants. Similarly, soybean leaves under US accumulated higher proline content in US than the leaves of BS plants. Soybean leaves grown in shading conditions (LS and RS of BS and RS of US) developed antioxidative defence-mechanisms, including the accelerated activities of SOD, POD, APX, and CAT. Comparatively, soybean leaves in US displayed lower activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes than the leaves of BS plants, showing that soybean plants experienced less shade stress in US as compared with BS treatment. Overall, these results indicate that the association of improved photosynthetic characteristics, sugar and protein accumulation and optimum antioxidative defences could be an effective approach for growing soybean in intercropping environments.

scholarly journals Effects of polyploidy on response ofDunaliella salinato salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soltani Nezhad ◽  
Hakimeh Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractIn this study, polyploidy level was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of polyploidy by colchicine treatment was examined on the growth parameters, malondealdehyde (MDA), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in response to different levels of salinity inDunaliella salina. The results of algal growth indicated that 3 M NaCl was the optimal concentration of salt, since the highest enhancement in fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids, soluble sugar, glycerol, protein and starch content was observed in comparison to other concentrations. The amount of these metabolites declined in the concentrations under optimum salinity. The least and highest amounts of MDA were observed at 1 and 4 M NaCl respectively. Polyploidy in optimum concentration of salt, caused further increment of the above growth parameters. In relation to this, in most cases, treatment of 0.1% colchicine was most effective. The beneficial effects of polyploidy in non-optimal conditions were also found in some parameters such as biomass, chlorophyll, carotenoids, proteins and starch. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and POD showed a positive significant correlation with salt stress and these were maximized at 4 M NaCl. Polyploidy (especially colchicine 0.1%) affected activity of these antioxidant enzymes in some concentrations of salt. Overall, our results suggest that the microalgae has significantly different responses to salt stress based on ploidy levels.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting dates on the yield and tuber quality of processing potatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
M Sharkar ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
SF Ahmed ◽  
SMZ Al Meraj ◽  
M. Mohi Ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Products

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of harvesting dates and variety on the yield and processing quality of potato tuber. Three processing potato varieties (BARI Alu-25, Asterix; BARI Alu-28, Lady Rosetta and BARI Alu-29, Courage) were used as test crops and they were harvested at different days after planting [80, 90, and 100 days after planting (DAP)]. The three processing potato varieties showed higher tuber yield of Grade A (9.12 t ha-1) and B (13.64 t ha-1). The highest tuber yield (Grade A+B) [29.62 t ha-1] and total tuber yield (35.97 t ha-1) was found in Courage at 90 and 100 DAP harvest, respectively. The variety Lady Rosetta attained the highest percent of processable tuber yield (86.8% of the total tuber yield), the maximum dry matter content (26.37%), specific gravity (1.102) at 90 DAP harvest and this variety also contained the highest mean starch content (111.75 mg g-1 FW) followed by Courage (111.17 mg g-1 FW) and Asterix (103.95 mg g-1 FW). Optimum dry matter content (24.07%), specific gravity (1.091), starch content (110.15 mg g-1 FW), processable tuber yield (26.62 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (32.76 t ha-1) was found at 90 DAP harvest and therefore, it could be mentioned as suitable harvesting date for processing purposes. Among the varieties, Lady Rosetta and Courage were found preferable potato varieties that could be used for processing of potato products. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 179-193, March 2019

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