scholarly journals Study on the in vitro development of Chrysanthymum indicum L. shoots in the salinity stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Trinh Thi Diem Phan ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Vitro Development

In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the salinity stress were analyzed. NaCl at 6 g/L reduced the development of shoot cuttings. Under salinity stress conditions, there have just a little reduction of the chloroplast in parenchymal cells near the midrib of leaf before they turn brown and die. Besides, carotenoid, starch content, and photosynthesis intensity were decreased. In contrast, respiration rate, proline and total soluble sugar content, and the activity of IAA and gibberellin were strongly increased. The application of IAA 0.25 mg/L, zeatin 0.1 mg/L and GA3 0.1 mg/L improved the shoot development in the salinity stress condition. Shoots in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.2 mg/L, NAA 2 mg/L and NaCl 6 g/L grow better in salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Phuong Thi Bach Vu ◽  
Hong Thi Anh Pham ◽  
Phuong Ngo Diem Quach
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the salinity stress were analyzed. NaCl at 6 g/L reduced the development of shoot cuttings. Under salinity stress conditions, there have just a little reduction of the chloroplast in parenchymal cells near the midrib of leaf before they turn brown and die. Besides, carotenoid, starch content, and photosynthesis intensity were decreased. In contrast, respiration rate, proline and total soluble sugar content, and the activity of IAA and gibberellin were strongly increased. The application of IAA 0.25 mg/L, zeatin 0.1 mg/L and GA3 0.1 mg/L improved the shoot development in the salinity stress condition. Shoots in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.2 mg/L, NAA 2 mg/L and NaCl 6 g/L grow better in salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Responses to Gibberellic Acid in Magnolia × ‘Spectrum’ in Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Eleonora Gabryszewska
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Leaf Formation

AbstractThe total soluble sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied for the first time during axillary shoot formation inMagnolia× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro in response to BAP (0.3 mg l−1), different levels of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg l−1), sucrose (20 and 30 g l−1) and nitrogen salts (KNO3/NH4NO3; 100/100% and 75/50% relative to MS medium). Among various GA3and sucrose/nitrogen salts ratios, the most effective axillary multiplication (5.9 shoots/explant) and leaf formation (25.7 leaves per multiplied clumps) were obtained after addition of GA3at 0.1 mg l−1to a BAP medium containing 20 g l−1sucrose and reduced levels of nitrogen salts (75% KNO3and 50% NH4NO3). The addition of GA3to the BAP medium enhanced shoot formation by 36% and leaf formation by 27%. The highest shoot formation capacity ofM.× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro coincided with enhanced levels of soluble sugar and peroxidase (POD) activity. Increasing GA3concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 mg l−1in the above medium resulted in inhibition of shoot and leaf formation and a decrease in the soluble sugar content. The influence of GA3on the activities of catalase (CAT) and POD depended on its concentration and the levels of sucrose and nitrogen salts in the medium. The highest increase in CAT and POD activities, that coincided with the enhanced shoot formation capacity ofM.× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro, was observed after addition of GA3to the medium containing high levels of sucrose and nitrogen salts.

The effect of sample date and plant density on the carbohydrate content of forage maize and the changes that occur on ensiling

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

SummaryThe (early maturing) maize hybrid, Anjou 210, was sown on 1 May (1975) and 50000 (LD) and 150000 (HD) plants/ha established. Leaf, stem, ear and husk components of the shoots, and whole shoots were separately examined for changes in dry weight, soluble sugars, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose at regular intervals from 104 to 154 days after planting together with whole shoots after ensiling.Throughout the sampling period whole shoot and ear dry weights increased steadily whereas those of leaf and stem decreased in plants from both treatments.Total soluble sugar contents for plants grown at LD were at a maximum 104 days after planting compared with 125 days after planting for the HD crop. Immediately prior to ensiling whole shoot soluble sugar content was 74 and 93 g/kg D.M. for LD and HD treatments respectively.Small amounts of starch (g/kg D.M.) were found in stems (10–25), husks (40–80) and leaves (17–35) of plants grown at both densities. The starch content of the ear increased from 57 to 390 g/kg D.M. and 168 to 376 g/kg D.M. in plants grown at LD and HD respectively.For plants from both treatments hemicellulose contents of husks, leaves and whole shoots increased with age whereas those of stems decreased. Cellulose contents did not vary greatly over the growing season.On ensiling plants from both densities, total soluble sugars had virtually disappeared after only 3 days. Apparent losses (approximately 0·3 g/g), over a longer period of time, were observed in hemicellulose sugars and starch. Apparent increases were observed in cellulose contents of approximately 0·15 g/g.

scholarly journals Effects of Abscisic Acid on ex vitro Acclimatization of Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Colón-Guasp ◽  
Terril A. Nell ◽  
Michael E. Kane ◽  
James E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ex Vitro

The use of abscisic acid (ABA) as an in vitro prehardening treatment to enhance ex vitro acclimatization of Stage III Aronia arbutifolia plantlets was explored. Effects of ABA (0-4 mg·liter-1) pretreatment on ex vitro shoot growth, leaf carbon assimilation (LCA) and nonstructural carbohydrate content were evaluated during plantlet acclimatization under two photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels (450 and 650 μmol·m-2·s-1). Stage III plantlets rooted in the presence of ABA exhibited both shoot growth inhibition and transient negative LCA rates at time of transfer ex vitro. Regardless of treatment, maximum LCA rates were achieved by day 20 post-transplant. Pretreatment with ABA had no effect on stem or leaf starch content at time of transplant, however, leaf and stem soluble sugar content was higher in ABA treated plantlets than controls. Further suppression of shoot growth and alteration in the pattern of stem starch utilization occurred at the higher irradiance level. These results indicate that ABA pretreatments provide no physiological advantage that would facilitate ex vitro acclimatization of Aronia plantlets.

scholarly journals Amido e açúcares solúveis totais em pós-colheita de inflorescências de bastão-de-imperador

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drucylla Guerra Mattos ◽  
Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Heloisa Helena De Siqueira Elias ◽  
Eduardo Valério De Barros Vilas Boas ◽  
Lucas Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Opening Stage

Floral opening stage during harvest and use of postharvest techniques, such as inflorescence coating with carnauba wax, may influence quality maintenance for commercialization. The aim was to evaluate the carbohydrate content of torch ginger inflorescences harvested at two different opening stages and treated with different concentrations of carnauba wax. The inflorescences were harvested with semi-open (basal bracts beginning their expansion process) and open bracts (fully expanded basal bracts and opening of the smaller bracts on interior of the inflorescence) and received the application of carnauba wax at concentrations of 0.75%; 1.5% or 3.0%, in addition to a control treatment, without wax application. After the treatment, the floral stems were maintained at 16 and 21 oC for 20 days. During the storage period, five bracts samples (external and internal bracts separately - in open inflorescences, external and internal bracts together - in semi-open inflorescences) were carried out every three days for evaluation of total soluble sugars and starch content. Contents of total soluble sugars and starch differed between the different types of bracts collected and throughout the storage period evaluated, and could indicate a remobilization of reserves. The concentration of 3.0% carnauba waxinduced higher total soluble sugar content. However, this content does not affect the longevity of torch ginger at the two evaluated floral opening stages.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Total Sugar Contents of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Organically

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4884
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Yasaminshirazi ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Michael Fleck ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hoenninger
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The growing interest of consumers in healthy organic products has increased the attention to the organic production of beetroot. In this regard, six field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in three different locations under the specific conditions of organic agriculture, and fifteen beetroot genotypes, including one F1 hybrid as a commercial control and one breeding line, were compared regarding the content of the total dry matter, total soluble sugar, nitrate, betalain, and total phenolic compounds in order to investigate the genetic potential of new and existing open-pollinated genotypes of beetroot regarding the content of their bioactive compounds. The results of this study indicated a significant impact of genotype (p < 0.05) on all measured compounds. Furthermore, results revealed a significant influence of the interactions of location × year (p < 0.05) on the beetroot composition, and, thus, the role of environmental conditions for the formation of tested compounds. The total dry matter content (TDMC) of beetroots varied between 14.12% and 17.50%. The genotype ‘Nochowski’, which possessed the highest total soluble sugar content with 14.67 °Bx (Brix), was among the genotypes with the lowest nitrate content. On the contrary, the cylindrical-shaped genotype ‘Carillon RZ’ (Rijk Zwaan), indicated the lowest sugar content and the highest nitrate concentration. The amount of total phenolic compounds ranged between 352.46 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry weight) and 489.06 ± 28.24 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW for the red-colored genotypes which is correlated with the high antioxidant capacity of the investigated genotypes. Due to the specifics of the required content of bioactive compounds for various products, the selection of suitable genotypes should be aligned with the intended final utilization.

scholarly journals Studies on the Sugar Accumulation and Carbohydrate Splitting Enzyme Levels in Post Harvested and Cold Stored Potatoes

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
MMH Khan ◽  
Md Salim Uddin ◽  
NK Sana ◽  
F Nikkon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

Significant differences were found in sugar content and carbohydrate splitting enzyme activities in tubers of ten indigenous potato varieties at harvesting and after keeping at cold storage. The activities of invertase, amylase, β-galactosidase and cellulase in all varieties were found to be increased by 2-12, 1.2-4, 1.9-4.5, and 1.1-3.7 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored potatoes. The amount of starch and sucrose were found to be decreased by 1.15-2.8 and 1.02-1.4 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored in all varieties. Total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in potatoes were increased by 1.02-1.4 and 4-11 folds, respectively from harvesting to cold stored in all varieties of potatoes. The amount of reducing sugar increased in cold stored potatoes due to the increased activities of carbohydrate splitting enzymes. Key words: Potatoes, Indigenous, Carbohydrate splitting enzymes, Sugars. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3748 J. bio-sci. 16: 95-99, 2008

scholarly journals Biochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moniruzzaman Sohag Howlader ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Khadizatul Kubra ◽  
Md Khairul Hassan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate biochemical and phytotochemical of dry leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Biochemical analysis indicated that Stevia leaves are a good source of carbohydrate and reducing sugar. Different extraction methods were used to prepare four different dry extracts (Extract A, B, C, D). Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were analyzed for these four dry extracts and commercial Stevia powder. The highest amount of total soluble sugar (477 mg sugar g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract C and higher amount of reducing sugar (82 mg g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract D among the extracts. But commercial Stevia powder showed higher total soluble sugar content (754 mg g-1 dry powder) and highest amount of reducing sugar (98 mg g-1 dry extract) than all the extracted dry samples. The extraction process of dry extract C was feasible for the extraction of total soluble sugar. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins that were identified. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (92 mg) was recorded from methanolic extract of extraction B. The lowest amount of total phenolic compounds (36 mg) was recorded in ethanolic extract of extraction A. So, Methanol proved as best solvent to extract increased quantity of total phenolic compounds than other solvents.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 121-130

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Starch Metabolism in Castanea henryi Seed (Fagaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ruqiang Lin ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Shuzhen Jiang ◽  
Yuanfang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage

Starch is the most important form of carbohydrate storage and is the major energy reserve in some seeds, especially Castanea henryi. Seed germination is the beginning of the plant’s life cycle, and starch metabolism is important for seed germination. As a complex metabolic pathway, the regulation of starch metabolism in C. henryi is still poorly understood. To explore the mechanism of starch metabolism during the germination of C. henryi, we conducted a comparative gene expression analysis at the transcriptional level using RNA-seq across four different germination stages, and analyzed the changes in the starch and soluble sugar contents. The results showed that the starch content increased in 0–10 days and decreased in 10–35 days, while the soluble sugar content continuously decreased in 0–30 days and increased in 30–35 days. We identified 49 candidate genes that may be associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. Three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) genes, two nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPS) genes and three starch synthases (SS) genes may be related to starch accumulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of these genes. Our study combined transcriptome data with physiological and biochemical data, revealing potential candidate genes that affect starch metabolism during seed germination, and provides important data about starch metabolism and seed germination in seed plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document