Effects of contrasting shade treatments on the carbon production and antioxidant activities of soybean plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Ling Yang Feng ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Tehseen Ahmad Meraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Soybean Leaves

In China, maize-soybean relay-intercropping system follow the two main planting-patterns: (i) traditional relay-intercropping; maize-soybean equal row planting, where soybean experience severe maize shading on both sides of plants, and (ii) modern relay-intercropping; narrow-wide row planting, in this new planting pattern only one side of soybean leaves suffer from maize shading. Therefore, in this study, changes in morphological traits, cytochrome content, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon status, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were investigated at 30 days after treatment (DAT) in shade-tolerant soybean variety Nandou-12 subjected to three different types of shading conditions; normal light (NL, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under normal light); unilateral shade (US, all right-side trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants from top to bottom were under shade while all the left-side of trifoliate-leaves from top to bottom were in normal light); bilateral shade (BS, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under complete shade). Compared with BS, US conditions decreased plant height and increased stem diameter, leaf area, and biomass at 30 DAT. Biomass distribution rates to stem, petiole and leaves, and photosynthetic characteristics were markedly improved by the US at all sampling stages, which proved to be a better growing condition than BS with respect to shade tolerance. The enhanced net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the left-side leaves (LS) of soybean plants in US, when compared with the LS in BS, allowed them to produce higher total soluble sugar (by 70%) and total soluble protein (by 17%) at 30 DAT which reduce the adverse effects of shading at right-side leaves (RS) of the soybean plants. Similarly, soybean leaves under US accumulated higher proline content in US than the leaves of BS plants. Soybean leaves grown in shading conditions (LS and RS of BS and RS of US) developed antioxidative defence-mechanisms, including the accelerated activities of SOD, POD, APX, and CAT. Comparatively, soybean leaves in US displayed lower activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes than the leaves of BS plants, showing that soybean plants experienced less shade stress in US as compared with BS treatment. Overall, these results indicate that the association of improved photosynthetic characteristics, sugar and protein accumulation and optimum antioxidative defences could be an effective approach for growing soybean in intercropping environments.

scholarly journals Efficacy of KNO3, SiO2 and SA priming for improving emergence, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa), under drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawan Gana Ali ◽  
Rosimah Nulit ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Christina Yong Seok Yien
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Randomized Design

AbstractRice is an important staple crop produced and consumed worldwide. However, poor seed emergence is one of the main impediments to obtaining higher yield of rice especially in hot and dry ecosystems of the world that are ravaged by drought. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO3), salicylic acid (SA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) priming in improving emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities of FARO44 rice under drought conditions. Rice seedlings primed with 2.5% and 5% KNO3, 3% and 3.5% SiO2, and 1 mM and 2.5 mM SA were subjected to three drought levels of low, moderate and severe under the greenhouse. Seed emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities were thereafter evaluated. Seed priming experiments were laid in a completely randomized design with five replicates per treatment. The results found that rice seedlings responded differently to different priming treatments. However, all primed rice seedlings had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved emergence percentage (72–92%), seedling growth, seedling vigor, seedling fresh and dry biomass and shorter emergence time compared with controls. Likewise, total soluble protein content, activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, carbohydrate, soluble sugar and total chlorophyll contents of rice seedlings were increased by more than two-folds by seed priming compared with control. Salicylic acid showed less effect in increasing emergence, seedling growth, antioxidant activities and biochemical attributes of rice. Thus, this study established that seed priming with KNO3 (2.5% and 5%) and SiO2 (3% and 3.5%) were more effective in improving emergence, seedling growth, biochemical attributes and antioxidant activities of FARO44. Thus, priming of FARO44 rice with this chemical is recommended for fast emergence, seedling growth and drought resistance in dry ecosystems.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

scholarly journals Genotype-Site Interactions in Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Clones of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rawat ◽  
S. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Summary A plantation trial of six selected clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. laid out in randomized block design at four sites in northern India during July, 1996 was evaluated for growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Genotype-site interactions were significant for collar diameter increment, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and starch content at 5 per cent level of significance. The variability estimates for these characters also indicated strong genetic control than the environment. However, stomatal conductance amongst these clones exhibited strong influence of environment that was non-additive in nature.

scholarly journals Effect of New Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Quality and Yield of Potato and Its Associated Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9796
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Atia ◽  
Amira K. Nasrallah ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
Farida F. Kabil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
The Impact

Potato is an economically important vegetable crop in Egypt. Weed infestation, especially broad-leafed, during the vegetative growth stage substantially affects both crop yield and tuber quality. In the current study, the impact of new ready-mix pre-emergent herbicides on broadleaf weeds, tuber yield, and quality was evaluated. The two-year field experiment comprised the following treatments: (1) Un-weeded control, (2) Hand hoeing, (3) Sencor, (4) Ecopart, (5) Zeus, (6) Kroki, and (7) Flomex. The results showed that weed control treatments significantly reduced the weed density compared to un-weeded control and the herbicides efficacy reached over 90%. The herbicidal treatments also significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidases (POX) and catalase (CAT) and improved the non-enzymatic antioxidant (carotenoids) compared to un-weeded control. Conversely, the higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in potato leaves was obtained for un-weeded control. Moreover, weed control treatments caused significant enhancement in plant growth parameters, yield, and its components in addition to tuber quality of potato. Compared to the un-weeded control, maximum tuber yield was observed in Flomex followed by Ecopart, Kroki, Zeus, and Sencor, respectively. The higher number of tubers and total yield were recorded in plants treated with Flomex plus compared to all the other treatments. Higher content of total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, and total starch content was observed in weed control treatments compared with un-weeded control. Based on Pearson’s correlation and heatmap analysis, the changes in agro-physiological parameters data are linked to the herbicidal treatments. The results indicate that the applied herbicides could be alternative products for Sencor and an option for controlling broadleaved weeds. However, further studies are needed to ensure their efficacy and safety under other conditions.

scholarly journals Primary Metabolite Profiling and Potential Antioxidants Activity from Fagonia cretica (Stem and Roots)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
, Sayar ◽  
Archana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
North West

Many carbonic compounds are found in medicinal plants, which work as a drug for human body. Fagonia cretica (Linn.) is most valuable therapeutic medicinal plant, commonly known as Dhamasa and belong to Zygophyllaceae family. It is used as: piles, urinary disorders, dysentery, stomach ache, typhoid, cancer and as a blood purifier. Fagonia cretica is a small spiny under-shrub, found in North West India, Punjab, Deccan and Afghanistan. The present study deals in Primary Metabolite Profiling and Potential Antioxidant activity from root and stems of experiment plants. In vitro study of Primary Metabolites such as carbohydrates (starch & total soluble sugar), proteins, phenols and lipids, primary metabolites are a good source of nutrient and energy for cells and Antioxidant activities like: catalase, peroxidase, lipid peroxidase and FRAP by crude extract of various plant parts (root and stems) was investigated of Fagonia cretica. Antioxidants fight as anti cancer agents in human beings. Keywords: Fagonia cretica; Primary metabolites; UV spectroscopy; Antioxidants.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma Strains on Growth, Nodulation and Physiological Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Water Deficit Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Sahar El- Nahrawy ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soybean Plants

In the future, drought are expected to increase, affecting the productivity of crops sensitive to water scarcity. Through N2-fixation process, soybean is capable of achieving its nitrogen demands, however, this process is inhibited under drought stress conditions. Therefore, it is vital to find suitable solutions for the agricultural sustainability of soybean. Under pot experiment, biocompatibility was studied between Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma strains (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. kongii) for their ability to stimulate the growth, nodulation, N content and photosynthetic pigments of soybean plants under different irrigation intervals (every 2 days (I1), every 4 days (I2), and every 6 days (I3)). The experiment was conducted in summer 2020 with a split-plot randomized complete block design and six replicates. Among the Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum was the most tolerant to growth and auxin production in the maximum 25% PEG 6000 (poly ethylene glycol) concentration. Also, co-inoculation treatment (irrigation every 6 days and inoculation with B. japonicum + T. harzianum) recorded an increase rate reached to 69.4% for shoot length, 102.53% for root length, 79.06% for shoot dry weight, 103.44% for root dry weight and 178.57% for N content compared to control treatment. For physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and total soluble sugar), there was a significant increase was observed when soybean plants inoculated with B. japonicum + T. harzianum treatment followed by B. japonicum + T. kongii treatment, under irrigation every 6 days condition. On the contrary, a decrease was observed in proline content for the same treatments. Thus, an adequate microbial consortium of Bradyrhizobium - Trichoderma, could represent a promising practical method for increasing the productivity of soybean especially when grown under drought conditions.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Hassan S. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Hesham F. Alharby ◽  
Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽  
Reiaz Ul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Salt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt tolerance in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mungbean). Mungbean is considered to be an economically important crop and possess a strategic position in Southeast Asian countries for sustainable crop production. It is rich in quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Three weeks old grown seedlings were subjected to NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) alone or with Zn (250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, plants were harvested for investigating morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. We found that the Zn application mitigates the negative effect upon plant growth to a variable extent. This may be attributed to the increased shoot and root length, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and proline accumulation, decreased H2O2 content and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Zn’s application improved the performance of the enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) of the secondary metabolism, which resulted in the improvement of total phenol and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities such as 1,1diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and ferrous reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the plants also showed improved results in their salt only treatments. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (SOD) scavenging activity were also improved upon the application of 250 µM zinc. Thus, Zn application in low doses offers promising potential for recovering plants suffering from salinity stress. In conclusion, we assume that zinc application improved salt tolerance in mungbean through the improvement of various physiological and photochemical processes which could prove to be useful in nutrient mediated management for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Effect of Pharmaceutical Effluents on Growth, Oxidative Defense, Secondary Metabolism, and Ion Homeostasis in Carrot

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582199850
Author(s):  
Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Kanwal Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Rizwan Rasheed ◽  
Javeria Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Substantial Decline

Pharmaceutical wastes are environmental micro pollutant and potential risk for the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study was planned to find out the effects of different pharmaceutical effluent (PE) regimes on growth, secondary metabolism, and oxidative defense in 2 carrot lines. The seeds of 2 carrot lines (DC-3 and T-29) were spread in plastic pots containing sandy loam soil. The design of experiment was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. At vegetative stage, plants were irrigated with 5 different doses (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of PE on every 3-day interval, while control plants were irrigated with canal water. The carrot roots were harvested after 25 days’ application of the treatments to determine various attributes. High concentration of PE caused a substantial decline in growth, beta carotenoids, anthocyanin, total soluble protein, free amino acids, total soluble sugar, phenolic and flavonoid contents and an increase in proline, levels of H2O2 and MDA, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in both lines. Moreover, PE caused significant reduction in the levels of essential nutrients (K+, Ca2+) and increased in Na+ content. However, T-29 line was found to be more PE tolerant because it had less H2O2, MDA and ascorbic acid contents. Thus, our findings showed that diluted PE (25%) could not be used for irrigation to increase the growth of plants in nutrients deprived environments without using bio filtration and biocarbon sorption technologies for treatments.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological alterations induced by lactofen in soybean leaves are reduced with nitric oxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C Ferreira ◽  
A.C Cataneo ◽  
L.M.R Remaeh ◽  
J Búfalo ◽  
J Scavroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Lactofen is a diphenylether herbicide recommended to control broad-leaved weeds in soybean (Glycine max) fields and its mechanism of action is the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase (Protox), which acts in the chlorophyll biosynthesis. This inhibition results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin-IX, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Consequently, spots, wrinkling and leaf burn may occur, resulting in a transitory crop growth interruption. However, nitric oxide (NO) acts as an antioxidant in direct ROS scavenging. Thus, the aim of this work was to verify, through phytometric and biochemical evaluations, the protective effect of NO in soybean plants treated with the herbicide lactofen. Soybean plants were pre-treated with different levels of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO-donor substance, and then sprayed with 168 g a.i. ha-1 lactofen. Pre-treatment with SNP was beneficial because NO decreased the injury symptoms caused by lactofen in young leaflets and kept low the soluble sugar levels. Nevertheless, NO caused slower plant growth, which indicates that further studies are needed in order to elucidate the action mechanisms of NO in signaling the stress caused by lactofen in soybean crop.

scholarly journals Growth and development of soybean under changing light environments in relay intercropping system

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Ling Yang Feng ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed ◽  
Yuan Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Area Index ◽  
R:Fr Ratio ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Soybean Plants

Background Maize-soybean relay-intercropping (MSR) is a famous system of crop production in developing countries. However, maize shading under this system directly affects the light quality and intensity of soybean canopy. This is a challenging scenario in which to implement the MSR system, in terms of varieties selection, planting pattern, and crop management since the duration of crop resource utilization clearly differs. Methods Therefore, this experiment aimed to elucidate the effect of leaf excising treatments from maize top to fully clarify the needs and balance of light quality and intensity of intercrop-soybean under MSR in field conditions. The effects of different leaf excising treatments (T0, no removal of leaves; T2, removal of two topmost leaves; T4, removal of four topmost leaves; T6, removal of six topmost leaves from maize plants were applied at first-trifoliate stage (V1) of soybean) on photosynthetically active radiation transmittance (PART), red to far-red ratio (R:FR), morphological and photosynthetic characteristics and total biomass production at second-trifoliate stage (V2), fifth-trifoliate stage (V5), and flowering-stage (R1) of soybean were investigated through field experiments for 2-years under MSR. Results As compared to T0, treatment T6 increased the PART and R:FR ratio at soybean canopy by 77% and 37% (V2), 70% and 34% (V5), and 41% and 36% (R1), respectively. This improved light environment in T6 considerably enhanced the leaf area index, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate of soybean plants by 66%, 25% and 49% at R1, respectively than T0. Similarly, relative to control, T6 also increased the stem diameter (by 29%) but decreased the plant height (by 23%) which in turn significantly increased stem breaking strength (by 87%) by reducing the lodging rate (by 59%) of soybean plants. Overall, under T6, relay-cropped soybean produced 78% of sole soybean seed-yield, and relay-cropped maize produced 81% of sole maize seed-yield. Our findings implied that by maintaining the optimum level of PART (from 60% to 80%) and R:FR ratio (0.9 to 1.1), we can improve morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean plants in MSR. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the light environment when considering the sustainability of MSR via appropriate planting pattern selection.

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