scholarly journals To Rebuild or Relocate? Long-Term Mobility Decisions of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Recipients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8754
Author(s):  
Kijin Seong ◽  
Clare Losey ◽  
Shannon Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Assistance ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Federal Assistance ◽  
Property Acquisition ◽  
Policy Discussion

Limited funds and the demand for disaster assistance call for a broader understanding of how homeowners decide to either rebuild or relocate from their disaster-affected homes. This study examines the long-term mobility decisions of homeowners in Lumberton, North Carolina, USA, who received federal assistance from the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) for property acquisition, elevation, or reconstruction following Hurricane Matthew in 2016. The authors situate homeowners’ decisions to rebuild or relocate in the context of property attributes and neighborhood characteristics. Logit and probit regressions reveal that homeowners with lower-value properties are less likely to relocate, and those subjected to higher flood and inundation risks are more likely to relocate. Additionally, homeowners in neighborhoods of higher social vulnerability—those with a higher proportion of minorities and mortgaged properties—are more likely to rebuild their disaster-affected homes. The authors discuss homeowners’ mobility decisions in the context of the social vulnerability of neighborhoods. Our results contribute to an ongoing policy discussion that seeks to articulate the housing and neighborhood attributes that affect the long-term mobility decisions of recipients of HMGP assistance. The authors suggest that local governments prioritize the mitigation of properties of homeowners of higher physical and social vulnerability to reduce socioeconomic disparities in hazard mitigation and build equitable community resilience.

Using National Financial Incentives to Build Local Resiliency: The U.S. Disaster Mitigation Act

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Topping ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Local Resilience ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Congress passed the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) which requires adoption of multihazard mitigation plans as a precondition of local government eligibility for federal pre-disaster and postdisaster hazard mitigation grants. Its underlying purpose was to encourage local governments to systematically plan for reducing risks and future disaster losses before requesting federal grants to execute hazard mitigation projects. This paper examines the DMA 2000 legislation, its purposes, and the responses to it by state and local governments. Among other things the paper: 1) describes DMA 2000 statutory requirements, 2) assesses overall participation by region, 3) uses the State of California as a case study to examines hazard mitigation plan compliance issues, and 4) explores long-term implications of this broad national effort to use financial incentives to increase local resilience. By early 2009, 18,783 locally adopted hazard mitigation plans had been approved by FEMA. Although community resilience outcomes cannot be truly assessed without further research, the magnitude of this response implies substantial long-term local capacity building benefits within the U.S. This experience should also be the subject of comparative research regarding parallel efforts elsewhere.

scholarly journals Vulnerabilidad Social, Inundaciones Catastróficas y Geo-tecnologías en Regiones Subdesarrolladas. Riesgo e Incertidumbres en el Litoral Norte de la Provincia de Alagoas – Brasil (Social Vulnerability, Flood Disasters and Geo-technologies in ...)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Neison Cabral Ferreira Freire ◽  
Claudia Eleonor Natenzon
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
The Tropics

El objetivo de esta investigación es discutir y analizar cómo las geo-tecnologías y la disponibilidad de datos geo-referenciados pueden contribuir en la prevención y minimización de catástrofes naturales, tomando como estudio de caso las inundaciones ocurridas en la Provincia de Alagoas, Brasil, en 2010, ubicada en una región con grandes inequidades sociales. Analizaremos el rol de instituciones públicas y privadas en ese proceso, el desarrollo en regiones de capitalismo tardío y los nuevos retos impuestos a las administraciones municipales, principalmente sobre la previsión respecto de mayor severidad y frecuencia de eventos extremos en las zonas tropicales, resultantes de los probables cambios en la dinámica del clima planetario. Por lo tanto es necesario acercarse del marco conceptual que nos brinda la Teoría Social del Riesgo que hoy ocupa un lugar central de las agendas políticas de los gobiernos. Serán abordadas las dimensiones respecto a la peligrosidad, la vulnerabilidad, la exposición y la incertidumbre. Así que esta investigación busca aclarar la situación en la cual se produjo la catástrofe en Alagoas y cómo las geo-tecnologías pueden contribuir a un uso socialmente más amplio para la anticipación, prevención y gestión del riesgo. A B S T R A C T The objective of this research is to discuss and analyze how the geo-technologies and the availability of geo-referenced data can contribute to the prevention and minimization of natural disasters, taking as a case study of flooding in the province of Alagoas, Brazil, in 2010, located in a region with great social inequalities. Analyze the role of public and private institutions in this process, the development in regions of late capitalism and the new challenges posed to local governments, mainly on the provision in respect of greater severity and frequency of extreme events in the tropics, resulting from likely changes in global climate dynamics. Therefore it is necessary to approach the conceptual framework that gives us the Social Theory of Risk now occupied a central place in the political agendas of governments. Dimensions will be addressed regarding the hazard, vulnerability, exposure and uncertainty. So this research seeks to clarify the situation in which the disaster occurred in Alagoas and how geo-technologies can contribute to a broader social anticipation, prevention and risk management. Key-Words: social vulnerability, flood disasters, GIS.

scholarly journals Index Assessment of Household Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Case Study of Laguna Province, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Shota Kamiohkawa ◽  
Atsushi Maruyama ◽  
Inocencio Buot ◽  
Merites Buot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerable Households

This study empirically investigated the social vulnerability of two municipalities of Laguna Province, Philippines, on the impacts of natural disasters associated with climate change. Data were obtained from interviews with seventeen experts and surveys for thirty-seven households conducted in the two municipalities. The results of the index analysis, using the weight average method and ordered probit regression, can be summarized as follows: First, the characteristics of low educational attainment, low labor rate and lack of economic resources were crucial in determining the social vulnerability class of households. Second, the social vulnerability index is determined by multiple factors, and therefore, it should not be assessed by a single variable. Third, the weights for components of the vulnerability index were insignificantly affected by geographical features and the speciality and personal traits of the experts. This suggests that local governments should develop an information system that identifies socially vulnerable households and that this should be utilized to provide the residents with education about climate change and strategies for households to reduce their potential risks from severe climatic events.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DALAM RANGKA PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jazuli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

<p>Konferensi Lingkungan Hidup Sedunia I yang diselenggarakan di Stockholm, Swedia pada bulan Juni 1972, mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk berkomitmen mengarahkan pembangunan untuk mencapai peningkatan kesejahteraan berkelanjutan dan mewujudkan Indonesia yang asri dan lestari sesuai sasaran dan arah pembangunan Lingkungan Hidup yang digariskan dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang 2005-2025. Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengamanatkan bahwa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam harus berorientasi kepada konservasi sumberdaya alam untuk menjamin kelestarian dan keberlanjutan fungsi sumberdaya alam, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang bercorak komprehensif dan terpadu. Namun dalam implementasinya terdapat beberapa fakta seperti masih rendahnya pemahaman akan pentingnya pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup secara berkesinambungan, lemahnya penegakan hukum sehingga menyebabkan tekanan yang berlebihan terhadap fungsi lingkungan hidup, bahkan sampai mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup, masih tingginya tingkat pencemaran lingkungan hidup, serta kurang adanya keselarasan pengaturan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta antarsektor terkait. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis melalui pengkajian hukum doktrinal, maka disimpulkan bahwa permasalahan lingkungan hidup pada substansinya hanya terfokus pada “pengendalian lingkungan” dan dalam implementasinya di daerah cenderung bersifat administratif-kewilayahan dan berorientasi ekonomi. Oleh karena itu harus ada perubahan paradigma dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam agar supaya kebijakan keputusan yang diambil menggunakan perspektif jangka panjang dengan mengedepankan pembangunan yang berkelanjutansecara terintegral serta mempertimbangan aspek sosial masyarakat.</p><p>First World Environment Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1972, encourage the Indonesian Government to commit steering the development to achieve sustainable prosperity and creating a sustainable Indonesia as targetedby Environment outlined in the Long Term Development Plan 2005 -2025. Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 mandated that the management of natural resources should be oriented to the conservation of natural resources to ensure the preservation and sustainability of natural resources functions, using a comprehensive approach and unified patterned. However, in implementation, there are several facts such as lack of understanding of the importance of natural resource management and sustainable environment, weak of law enforcement causing excessive pressure on the environmental functions, even to the extent of environmental damage, the high level of environmental pollution, as well as lack of regulation’s harmony between central and local governments, as well as between sectors. With normative juridical approach and descriptive analysis through reviewing the doctrinal law, it is concluded that the environmental issues in substance only focused on “environmental control” and in its implementation in the region tend to be the administrative-territorial and economic oriented. Therefore there must be a paradigm changed in the management of natural resources so that policy making are used in a long-term perspective with promoting sustainable development and consideration of integrating the social aspects of society.</p>

Understanding Urban Social Movements in Cognitive Capitalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Marion Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Participatory Research Methods

The concept of participation is currently evoked by constituencies as varied as urban planners, local governments, universities and social movements. This coincides with a revival of participatory research methods in the social and cultural sciences. This article argues that the critical potential of participatory research methods should not be taken for granted in cognitive capitalism, where participation is as much an instrument for governmental regulation from above as it is a practice for democratic self-determination from below. First, the politics of participation from the emancipatory departures of the 1970s to today's revival are being discussed. Second, based on a long-term ethnographic study on the transnational Euromayday movement of the precarious, it is demonstrated how positioning the researcher using reflexive ethnography can support a critical research attitude through a process of reflexive hybridisation. In concluding, reflexive activist scholarship is outlined as a critical research attitude which encourages participatory knowledge production in a way that responds both to the field of activism and the field of academia.

Economic Development in 2006 and the Future of the Russian Economy: The Non-Resource-Based Sector Potential (The Economic Report of All-Russia Business Union “Delovaya Rossiya”)

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
B. Titov ◽  
I. Pilipenko ◽  
A. Danilov-Danilyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Report ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The report considers how the state economic policy contributes to the national economic development in the midterm perspective. It analyzes main current economic problems of the Russian economy, i.e. low effectiveness of the social system, high dependence on export industries and natural resources, high monopolization and underdeveloped free market, as well as barriers that hinder non-recourse-based business development including high tax burden, skilled labor deficit and lack of investment capital. We propose a social-oriented market economy as the Russian economic model to achieve a sustainable economic growth in the long-term perspective. This model is based on people’s prosperity and therefore expanding domestic demand that stimulates the growth of domestic non-resource-based sector which in turn can accelerate annual GDP growth rates to 10-12%. To realize this model "Delovaya Rossiya" proposes a program that consists of a number of directions and key groups of measures covering priority national projects, tax, fiscal, monetary, innovative-industrial, trade and social policies.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

Heterogeneous Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Costs and Benefits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Mental Health Functioning ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Health Costs ◽  
Long Term Impact

In this commentary, I argue that the mental health impact of COVID-19 will show substantial variation across individuals, contexts, and time. Further, one key contributor to this variation will be the proximal and long-term impact of COVID-19 on the social environment. In addition to the mental health costs of the pandemic, it is likely that a subset of people will experience improved social and mental health functioning.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

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