scholarly journals Comparison of Biochar Materials Derived from Coconut Husks and Various Types of Livestock Manure, and Their Potential for Use in Removal of H2S from Biogas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6262
Author(s):  
Lianghu Su ◽  
Mei Chen ◽  
Guihua Zhuo ◽  
Rongting Ji ◽  
Saier Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

As a potential adsorbent material, loose, porous livestock manure biochar provides a new approach to livestock manure resource utilization. In this study, coconut husks (CH) and livestock manure, i.e., cow dung (CD), pig manure (PM), and chicken manure (CM) were used as biomass precursors for preparation of biochar via high-temperature pyrolysis and CO2 activation. Characterization technologies, such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, adsorption–desorption isotherms, and pore size distributions, were used to study the microscopic morphologies and physicochemical properties of unactivated and activated biochar materials. The results showed that CD biochar provides better adsorption performance (up to 29.81 mg H2S/g) than CM or PM biochar. After activation at 650° for 1 h, the best adsorption performance was 38.23 mg H2S/g. For comparison, the CH biochar removal performance was 30.44 mg H2S/g. Its best performance was 38.73 mg H2S/g after 1 h of activation at 750 °C. Its best removal performance is equivalent to that of CH biochar activated at a temperature that is 100 °C higher. Further material characterization indicates that the H2S removal performance of livestock-manure–derived biochar is not entirely dependent on the specific surface area, but is closely related to the pore size distribution.

scholarly journals Surfactant-Free Solvothermal Method for Synthesis of Mesoporous Nanocrystalline TiO2Microspheres with Tailored Pore Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Zhang ◽  
Sujuan Zhang ◽  
Kangjun Wang ◽  
Fu Ding ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Mesoporous Microspheres ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

TiO2mesoporous microspheres self-assembled from nanoparticles were synthesized by a surfactant-free solvothermal route. The TiO2precursors were fabricated by tetrabutyl titanate, glacial acetic acid, and urea in the ethanol solution at 140°C for 20 h, and TiO2mesoporous microspheres were obtained by a postcalcination at temperatures of 450°C for promoting TiO2crystallization and the removal of residual organics. The phase structure, morphology, and pore nature were characterized by XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The as-prepared TiO2microspheres are in anatase phase, with 2-3 μm in diameter, and narrow pore distribution range is 3-4 nm. The adjustments of the synthetic parameters lead to the formation of the mesoporous TiO2microspheres with tuned pore size distributions and morphology.

Reproductive Potential and Nutritional Composition of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Prepupae Reared on Different Organic Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Yin Wang ◽  
Lingli Wu ◽  
Baoling Li ◽  
Dayu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Hermetia Illucens

Abstract Hermetia illucens L. (the black soldier fly) has received increased attention because of its great potential in converting organic waste into a renewable resource. The prepupae have high proportions of proteins and fats and can serve as feedstuff for livestock and as feedstock for biodiesel production. With the goal to upgrade the conversion of low-value organic wastes into high-value proteins and fat on a large scale, the effects of the feedstuffs food waste, pig manure, chicken manure, and cow dung on the reproductive potential and nutrient composition of H. illucens were evaluated. The intrinsic rate of increase of H. illucens fed food waste (0.1249 d−1) was significantly greater than the rate of those fed pig manure (0.1167 d−1), chicken manure (0.1154 d−1), and cow dung (0.1049 d−1). The ash content of H. illucens fed food waste (30.8 g·kg−1 lyophilized prepupa matter (LPM)) was significantly lower than that of those fed chicken manure (37.6 g·kg−1 LPM) and cow dung (49.5 g·kg−1 LPM). The contents of crude fat, 372.4 g·kg−1 LPM, and protein, 436.9 g·kg−1 LPM, in prepupae fed food waste were the highest among the four treatments. The reproductive performance and prepupal nutrient composition indicated that food waste was the most suitable feed for H. illucens. The results from this study further demonstrate that the prepupae of H. illucens have great potential for use as a protein and fat source in animal feeds and as biodiesel material.

New Approach to Evaluate Pore Size Distributions and Surface Areas for Hydrophobic Mesoporous Solids

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (48) ◽  
pp. 10670-10678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kruk ◽  
Valentyn Antochshuk ◽  
Mietek Jaroniec ◽  
Abdelhamid Sayari
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Mesoporous Solids

scholarly journals The Porosity of Carbon Materials as Estimated by Thermogravimetric Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goworek ◽  
W. Stefaniak ◽  
A. Swiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Desorption Isotherms ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The thermal desorption of benzene has been measured using a thermal analyzer. Pore size distributions of active carbons and carbon blacks have been determined on the basis of thermogravimetric curves using the Kelvin equation. Calculated distributions and total pore volumes have been compared with those derived from adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen and benzene vapour.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Spent Mushroom Substrate with Different Livestock Manure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Xionghui Gao ◽  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Kunyang Zhao ◽  
Venkatesh Balan ◽  
Qili Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Relative Ratio

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as the biomass waste generated during industrial mushroom cultivation. Utilization of SMS has been extensively researched and has immense potential as a sustainable substrate for generating biogas that can offset fossil fuel use. This closed loop energy generation process that can be set up in mushroom plants will reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which will benefit the environment. Anaerobic co-digestion of SMS with different agricultural wastes such as livestock manure would result in enhanced biogas production. In this study, the anaerobic co-digestion of SMS was carried out by combing yellow back fungus SMS along with chicken, dairy and pig manure. SMS combined with chicken manure yielded a slightly higher cumulative methane yield when compared with the combination of dairy manure and pig manure. Factors such as the total solids (TS) and the relative ratio of manure to SMS loading had a significant impact on the cumulative methane yield, volatile solids removal, with a particularly prominent synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was also closely related to the C/N ratio, and under experimental conditions (TS = 15%, SMS relative ratio of 50% and C/N ratio = 25.6), the cumulative methane yield of SMS with chicken manure (CM) was increased by 414% compared with that obtained using SMS or CM separately. We carried out a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, a statistical technique that uses several explanatory variables to predict the outcome of a response variable. Our analysis concluded that by using operating conditions (TS = 15%, and SMS ratio = 38.9), we were able to achieve the maximum cumulative methane yield (CMY).

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan biomassa cacing sutra (Tubifex sp.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Detiben Wenda ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Jeffrie F. F. Mokolensang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of cattle dung on the growth and biomass of silk worms. The experiment was conducted at Freshwater Aquaculture Center (BPBAT) Tatelu, Tatelu Village, Dimembe Subdistrict, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, about 35 km from Manado city. The media used was pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, and fine mud added with EM4. The method used was complete randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments including A. 500 g of pig manure, 500 g of chicken manure 500 g of cow dung, and 500 g of fine mud; B. 600 g of pig manure, 400 g of chicken manure 500 g of cow dung, 500 g of fine mud; C. 700 g of pig manure, 300 g of chicken manure, 500 g of cow dung, 500 g of fine mud; and K (control) was 2000 g of fine mudinand, each with 3 replications. Water quality parameters measured during the study were temperature, pH, DO, nitrate and nitrite. The results showed that there was a very significant effect on growth but not for the value of silk worm biomass. The highest growth was found in treatment A that was 38 g, while for the highest biomass also in treatment A namely 1.5 g / cm3. Water quality parameters during the study were 24.3-25.4° C, pH 7,1-7,3; DO 2.7-5,7 ppm; nitrate 1.1-1.4 ppm; nitrite 0.011-0.201 ppm.Keywords:  Cattle dung, growth, biomass, Tubifex sp., aquaculture

scholarly journals The Residue of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetable and Its Effect On The Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longshui Xu ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Weihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Treatment

Abstract [Background] Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes of soil microbial community. [Methods] On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. [Results] The TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 μg·kg-1, 25.38-345.78 μg·kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 μg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 μg·kg-1, 122.25-251.23 μg·kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 μg·kg-1 respectively. The content of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment, among which pig manure had the greatest influence on the increase of TCs content, and the larger the dosage of pig manure was, the more significant the increase of TCs content was. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2%-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria. [Conclusions] The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue after fermentation treatment can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

The Residue of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetable and Its Effect on the Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longshui Xu ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Weihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Treatment

Abstract [Background]Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes of soil microbial community.[Methods]On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing.[Results]The TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 μg·kg-1, 25.38-345.78 μg·kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 μg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 μg·kg-1, 122.25-251.23 μg·kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 μg·kg-1 respectively. The content of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment, among which pig manure had the greatest influence on the increase of TCs content, and the larger the dosage of pig manure was, the more significant the increase of TCs content was. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2%-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria.[Conclusions]The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue after fermentation treatment can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

The Changing Principles Study of Multiple Parameters in the High Temperature Composting Process with Agricultural Livestock Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-564
Author(s):  
Jian Kang ◽  
Jinping Li ◽  
Lei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Primary Energy ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Water Contents

The reasonable utilization of livestock manure could decrease the utilization of primary energy, possessing huge potential and meaning for sustainable development of economy. In this work, agricultural composting was runned with the material of fresh cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure as well as the bulking agent of 10% corn straw. The changing trends of parameters such as temperature, pH, the conductivity and the density were mainly studied. It showed that the composting temperature in three composting stages demonstrated a trend of initial increasing and then decreasing. The composting temperature in boxes of R1, R2 and R3 all exceeded 45 °C on the 3rd d of the composting reaction. On the 6th d of the composting reaction, the temperature of the boxes of R1, R2 and R3 reached the maximum of 65.7, 66.3 and 66.8 °C, respectively, which have satisfied the requirement of the hygienic standard of the fecal decontamination (GB7959-87). The initial water contents of the composting material of there were 65.28, 66.34 and 64.58%, respectively. The conductivity during experiments demonstrated a change of initial decreasing, then increasing and final decreasing. The conductivities were stable with values of 1.7, 1.9 and 2.0 S/cm, respectively when the compost is finished. e livestock manure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Macronutrient Content of Compost and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Agricultural Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Devianti ◽  
Purwana Satriyo ◽  
Ramayanty Bulan ◽  
Dewi Sartika Thamren ◽  
Agustami Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Macronutrient Content

Agricultural products have great potential to produce untapped farm-to-table agricultural waste. This can happen because the agricultural products are damaged before they reach consumers and become agricultural waste. Therefore, paper aims to investigate the macronutrient content of the compost and liquid organic fertilizer using agricultural waste as the main ingredient. There are two treatments for making compost, namely the composition of the main ingredients (rice straw + lamtoro, rice straw + corn stalks, and lamtoro + corn stalks) and the composition of the supporting material in the form of livestock manure (cow dung, goat manure, and chicken manure). There are five treatment sources of the main raw materials for making liquid organic fertilizer tested, namely banana peel, papaya peel, pineapple skin, tomato, and cassava peel. Macro parameters in the form of N, P, K, and C content were measured using the Kjeldahl, Bray, AAS, and Walkle and Black methods, respectively. The C/N ratio was calculated by comparing the content of C and N. Furthermore, data were analyzed using statistical parameters in the form of ANOVA and DMRT. Making compost with the main ingredients of agricultural waste and supporting materials from livestock manure has a significant effect on macronutrient content in compost. Apart from that, the production of liquid organic fertilizer with the main ingredient of agricultural waste significantly affects the macronutrient content of liquid organic fertilizer produced.

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