scholarly journals Implementation of a Recycled Polypropylene Homopolymer Material for Use in Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4990
Author(s):  
Jozef Dobránsky ◽  
Martin Pollák ◽  
Luboš Běhálek ◽  
Jozef Svetlík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
New Material ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Recycled Material

The main objective of the presented scientific article is to define the mechanical properties of polypropylene homopolymer with a prescribed percentage ratio of recycled granulate. The chosen material is intended for injection molding and especially for the production of products made by additive technologies. Experimental verification of the mechanical properties was realized by testing samples produced with various concentrations of the recycled material. Experimental samples underwent tests to obtain the mechanical properties of the produced new material. These tests included rheological tests, tensile and flexural tests as well as and Charpy impact toughness tests. These mechanical tests were conducted according to ISO standards valid for the individual testing method. Testing methods were carried out using prescribed numbers of testing samples. The presented scientific article is also focused on changes in microstructures of testing materials in relation to the percentage ratio of recycled granulate. Recycled granulate of thermoplastic was not necessity for additional modifications.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

scholarly journals Effects of Silicon Content and Tempering Temperature on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of HT-9 Steels

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkai Liu ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
Zhe Hao ◽  
Tiantian Shi ◽  
Long Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Tempering Temperature

Two kinds of experimental ferritic/martensitic steels (HT-9) with different Si contents were designed for the fourth-generation advanced nuclear reactor cladding material. The effects of Si content and tempering temperature on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these HT-9 steel were studied. The microstructure of experimental steels after quenching and tempering were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the mechanical properties were investigated by means of tensile test, Charpy impact test, and hardness test. The microscopic mechanism of how the microstructural evolution influences mechanical properties was also discussed. Both XRD and TEM results showed that no residual austenite was detected after heat treatment. The results of mechanical tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and plasticity of the experimental steels with 0.42% (% in mass) Si are higher than that with 0.19% Si, whereas hardness and toughness did not change much; when tempered at 760 °C, the strength and hardness of the experimental steels decreased slightly compared with those tempered at 710 °C, whereas plasticity and toughness increased. Further analysis showed that after quenching at 1050 °C for 1 h and tempering at 760 °C for 1.5 h, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the 0.42% Si experimental steel are the best compared with other experimental steels.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Nanoα-Al2O3Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mirjalili ◽  
L. Chuah ◽  
E. Salahi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Flexural Analysis ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Internal Mixer

A nanocomposite containing polypropylene (PP) and nanoα-Al2O3particles was prepared using a Haake internal mixer. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and flexural tests, showed that mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced by addition of nanoα-Al2O3particles and dispersant agent to the polymer. Tensile strength was approximately∼16% higher than pure PP by increasing the nanoα-Al2O3loading from 1 to 4 wt% into the PP matrix. The results of flexural analysis indicated that the maximum values of flexural strength and flexural modulus for nanocomposite without dispersant were 50.5 and 1954 MPa and for nanocomposite with dispersant were 55.88 MPa and 2818 MPa, respectively. However, higher concentration of nanoα-Al2O3loading resulted in reduction of those mechanical properties that could be due to agglomeration of nanoα-Al2O3particles. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations of the nanocomposites also showed that fracture surface became rougher by increasing the content of filler loading from 1 to 4% wt.

Mechanical Behavior of Glued Laminated Pressed Bamboo Guadua Using Different Adhesives and Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Luna ◽  
Caori Takeuchi ◽  
Edwar Cordón
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The One

This paper presents the mechanical properties measured on glued laminated pressed guadua samples. Experimental tests like shear parallel to fiber, tensile and shear perpendicular to fiber and flexural tests were carried out using three different types of adhesives: European Melamine Urea Formaldehyde, Colombian Melamine Urea Formaldehyde, and Polivinil Acetate humidity resistant. In order to study the behavior of the material in aggressive environmental conditions, half of the samples used in the mechanical tests were introduced in a temperature and humidity chamber for 45 days set to 45°C of temperature and 95% of relative humidity, usual environmental conditions in Chocó Colombia.The results showed that the highest values of mechanical strength were obtained for samples made with European Melamine Urea Formaldehyde. In addition, it was found that this adhesive was the one with better behavior under the aggressive environmental conditions simulated.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evaluations of Heat Treated Dissimilar Metal Joint Weldment between API 5CT C90 and ASTM A182 F22

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Awang ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Othman ◽  
Ku Zilati Ku Shaari ◽  
Mohd Noorfahmi Wichi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Hardness Values

In this research, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of dissimilar API 5CT C90 and ASTM A182 F22 welded pipe was carried out at temperatures of 500, 600, 700 and 800°C. The effects of PWHT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weldment were investigated. The mechanical tests and microstructure examinations were focused on the fusion line area of API 5CT C90 as this area is the most crucial part of the weldment. The main objective of this research is to assess the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar weldment. The results were then compared with NACE MR0175/ISO15156 code which requires hardness values below 275 Hv10 at a cap, below 250 Hv10 at a root and an average value 42 Joules at-20°C for charpy impact test [. The experimental results show that PWHT reduces the hardness value and increase the toughness of the weldment. Meanwhile, the optical microscopic examination shows that the higher the PWHT temperature, the coarser the grain size. The results showed that the 800°C PWHT specimen complied with the code.

scholarly journals Basic mechanical properties of layered steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Černý ◽  
Josef Filípek ◽  
Pavel Mazal ◽  
Petr Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Technical Practice ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Multilayer Steel ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

This article deals with identifying attributes of layered steel materials (damask steel) with the help of mechanical tests. Experimentally verify basic mechanical properties of layered steel and subsequently assessed it in comparison with the values obtained for the classic steel materials. In conclusion, there are listed the possibilities of using multilayer steel materials in technical practice, depending on the economics of production.The damask steel was prepared by forge welding from a packet consisting of 17 layers (9 layers of tool steel 19 133 (ČSN) with the thickness of 6 mm and 8 layers 80NiCr11 steel in the form of saw bands with the thickness of 1.2 mm. The packet was cut into 8 parts, folded 3 times and forged together, which provided damask steel with 136 layers. The resulting steel bars were used to make semi-finished products with the approximate dimensions of the test specimens. For evaluation of mechanical properties were applied the following tests: tensile test, Charpy impact test, hardness and microhardness measurementsThe results of tests proved that the properties of damask steel are dependent not only on the direction led impact quality forge weld layers and content iof nhomogeneities in the place of discord, but also on the quenching and tempering temperature, resp. on the choice of quenching bath, which determine the final structure of steel and the resulting hardness, respectively microhardness.

Mechanical Properties of Cement Composites with Alternative Binders

2015 ◽  
Vol 1106 ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šeps ◽  
Iva Broukalová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Recycled Material

The paper refers to previous research in the field recycling and reuse of secondary raw materials. It deals with utilization of micro-grounded recycled material and fly-ash as a partial substitution of Portland cement in cementitious composites. Six sets of test specimens with varying recipe were prepared for testing of mechanical properties. Flexural strength was tested on specimens 40x40x160 mm and then compression strength was measured on fragments from flexural tests. Results of tests are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene: Additive Manufacturing by Multi Jet Fusion Technology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Michal Ackermann ◽  
Filip Véle ◽  
Jakub Macháček ◽  
Petr Henyš
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fusion Technology ◽  
Hewlett Packard ◽  
The Given

Multi jet fusion (MJF) technology has proven its significance in recent years as this technology has continually increased its market share. Recently, polypropylene (PP) was introduced by Hewlett-Packard for the given technology. To our knowledge, little is known about the mechanical properties of polypropylene processed by MJF technology. During this study, standardised specimens were printed under all of the major orientations of the machine’s build space. Each of these orientations were represented by five samples. The specimens then underwent tensile, bending and Charpy impact tests to analyse their mechanical properties. The structural analysis was conducted to determine whether PP powder may be reused within the MJF process. The mechanical tests showed that the orientation of the samples significantly influences their mechanical response and must be carefully chosen to obtain the optimal mechanical properties of PP samples. We further showed that PP powder may be reused as the MJF process does not significantly alter its thermal and structural properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Composites Manufactured from Recycled Tetra Pak® Containers

Tecnura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (66) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Sebastián Macías Gallego ◽  
Álvaro Guzmán Aponte ◽  
Robison Buitrago Sierra ◽  
Juan Felipe Santa Marín
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Tetra Pak ◽  
The Individual

Context: Tetra Pak® is a common material used for the production of food containers. Currently, those containers are recycled by physical separation of the cellulose fibers through a hydro pulped process, but sometimes separating the individual components is not economically viable. This work evaluates an al­ternative process to obtain composites from recycled Tetra Pak®. Methodology: Tetra Pak® used containers were co­llected and cut into small pieces at the laboratory. Then, the containers were hot-pressed to obtain sheets in a manual hydraulic press by using different confi­gurations. Samples were cut, and their tensile stren­gth was evaluated (ASTM D3039). Failure analysis of samples was carried out by FE-SEM to identify issues related to processing and to understand the differen­ces in mechanical properties. Results: The results showed that the lowest tensile strength was 9.5 MPa (type I sample) and the highest tensile strength was 37.4 MPa (type III sample). Conclusions: The results of mechanical tests show that this material can be used for non-structural purposes in the building industry. Failure analysis shows that fiber pull-out and delamination are the most impor­tant failure mechanisms in type I samples. For type III sample, failure was produced by a sequence of intralaminar fractures

Study of the Mechanical Properties Re-Processed of Thermoplastic Polymer Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Dulebová ◽  
Branislav Duleba ◽  
Aneta Krzyżak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Recycled Material

This study presents the evaluation of selected mechanical tests of polymer composites which were re-processed. Materials Valox PBT (with 30 % glass fibre) and Celanex® 2004-2 PBT (without filler) and their regranulate were used at tests. The material PBT - regranulate PBT compositions investigated were 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 30/70 and 0/100. Samples from PBT were prepared by injection molding and their mechanical properties were tested by tensile test and Shore hardness test. The material made from 100% recycled material compared to the baseline had a decrease in tensile strength and Shore hardness value hasn’t changed. Failure of the samples was also observed by SEM. Utilization of regranulate at the production of new moulded parts are important from aspect of reduction plastics waste and pollution abatement of environment.

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