scholarly journals A Comprehensive Emissions Model Combining Autonomous Vehicles with Park and Ride and Electric Vehicle Transportation Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4653
Author(s):  
Mohammed Obaid ◽  
Arpad Torok ◽  
Jairo Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

Several transport policies reduce pollution levels caused by private vehicles by introducing autonomous or electric vehicles and encouraging mode shift from private to public transport through park and ride (P&R) facilities. However, combining the policies of introducing autonomous vehicles with the implementation of electric vehicles and using the P&R system could amplify the decrease of transport sector emissions. The COPERT software has been used to calculate the emissions. This article aims to study these policies and determine which combinations can better reduce pollution. The result shows that each combination of autonomous vehicles reduces pollution to different degrees. In conclusion, the shift to more sustainable transport modes through autonomous electric vehicles and P&R systems reduces pollution in the urban environment to a higher percentage. In contrast, the combination of autonomous vehicles has lower emission reduction but is easier to implement with the currently available infrastructure.

A Control Algorithm for Autonomous Electric Vehicles by Fuzzy Logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Viorel Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Fuzzy Control Algorithm ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

The domain of autonomous vehicles is of great interest to researchers and engineers and much has been performed in this field. The paper proposes a fuzzy control algorithm for autonomous electric vehicles which are moving next to the obstacle (object) boundaries, avoiding the collisions with them (a “guard motion”). Four motion cycles (programs) which depend of the proximity levels and which are used by the vehicle on its trajectory are described. The directions of the movements corresponding to every cycle and for every reached neighbourhood level are indicated. The sequence of the programs and the conditions of their alternation are shown. The motion control algorithm describes the sequence of the functional cycles by a schernatic program code. The fuzzy rules for evolution (transition) of the cycles and for the motion on x-axis and y-axis respectively are expounded. Finally, some simulations are represented.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
Isabel C. Gil-García ◽  
Mª Socorro García-Cascales ◽  
Habib Dagher ◽  
Angel Molina-García
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Energy transition requires actions from different sectors and levels, mainly focused on achieving a low-carbon and high-renewable integration society. Among the different sectors, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities. Therefore, initiatives and analysis focused on electric vehicles integration powered by renewables is currently a desirable solution to mitigate climate change and promote energy transition. Under this framework, this paper proposes a multi-indicator analysis for the estimation of CO2 emissions combining renewable integration targets, reduction emission targets and realistic renewable resource potentials. Four scenarios are identified and analyzed: (i) current situation with conventional vehicles, (ii) replacement of such conventional by electric vehicles without renewable integration, (iii) and (iv) integration of renewables to fulfill emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 respectively. The analysis is evaluated in the state of Maine (United States). From the results, a minimum renewable penetration of 39% and 82%, respectively, is needed to fulfill the emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 by considering 100% conventional vehicle replacement. Different combinations of available renewable resources can reduce emissions by more than 35%.

scholarly journals Modelling electric vehicles and setting charging patterns endogenously in energy planning models

Energetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eimantas Neniškis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
Planning Models

In the UN Emissions Gap Report it is estimated that the action plan agreed in the Paris Climate Agreement is not sufficient to limit the global temperature increase to below 2°C, compared to the pre-industrial period. More stringent measures must be taken to reduce global warming. In order to evaluate the most suitable pathways to decarbonize economies, complex multisectoral models should be used. Electric vehicles have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions in the transport sector. However, high penetration of electric vehicles might affect the development of the power sector. Additional energy required to charge these vehicles increases overall electricity demand. Thus, even though a higher share of electric vehicles reduces emissions in the transport sector, overall emission reduction effect depends on the fuels used to generate this additional electricity for charging. In case of fossil fuels, overall emissions might even increase. On the other hand, it is possible to adjust charging patterns according to generation fluctuations in wind and solar power plants. Such energy balancing could allow higher penetration of intermittent renewables. Because of this interlinkage of power and transport sectors through electric vehicles it is beneficial to model both sectors simultaneously in energy planning models, especially when the purpose of the model is to evaluate possible emission reduction pathways. In this paper, a methodology is proposed on how to model electric vehicles in energy planning models. This methodology enables flexible charging of electric vehicles, where charging patterns are set internally by the model. The methodology is based on the modelling of different driving patterns and evaluation of different vehicle states. Furthermore, it is explained how driving patterns and vehicle states can be derived from limited data by using pattern approximation with normal distributions.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Autonomous Electric Microtransit Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybike Ongel ◽  
Erik Loewer ◽  
Felix Roemer ◽  
Ganesh Sethuraman ◽  
Fengqi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

There is rapidly growing interest in autonomous electric vehicles due to their potential in improving safety, accessibility, and environmental outcomes. However, their market penetration rate is dependent on costs. Use of autonomous electric vehicles for shared-use mobility may improve their cost competitiveness. So far, most of the research has focused on the cost impact of autonomy on taxis and ridesourcing services. Singapore is planning for island-wide deployment of autonomous vehicles for both scheduled and on-demand services as part of their transit system in the year 2030. TUMCREATE developed an autonomous electric vehicle concept, a microtransit vehicle with 30-passenger capacity, which can complement the existing bus transit system. This study aims to determine the cost of autonomous electric microtransit vehicles and compare them to those of buses. A total cost of ownership (TCO) approach was used to compare the lifecycle costs. It was shown that although the acquisition costs of autonomous electric vehicles are higher than those of their conventional counterparts, they can reduce the TCO per passenger-km up to 75% and 60% compared to their conventional counterparts and buses, respectively.

scholarly journals The Synergies of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Renewable Energy in a Virtual Power Plant and Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Iacobucci ◽  
Benjamin McLellan ◽  
Tetsuo Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

The introduction of shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs), expected within the next decade, can transform the car into a service, accelerate electrification of the transport sector, and allow for large scale control of electric vehicle charging. In this work, we investigate the potential for this system to provide aggregated storage when combined with intermittent renewable energy sources. We develop a simulation methodology for the optimization of vehicle charging in the context of a virtual power plant or microgrid, with and without grid connection or distributed dispatchable generators. The model considers aggregate storage availability from vehicles based on transport patterns taking into account the necessary vehicle redistribution. We investigate the case of a grid-connected VPP with rooftop solar and the case of a isolated microgrid with solar, wind, and dispatchable generation. We conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to study the effect of several parameters on the results for both cases.

scholarly journals Infrastructure Planning for Autonomous Electric Vehicles, Integrating Safety and Sustainability Aspects: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Anastasiadou ◽  
Nikolaos Gavanas ◽  
Magda Pitsiava-Latinopoulou ◽  
Evangelos Bekiaris
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

After the awareness-raising of recent years for coping with the global societal, economic and environmental challenges, the need for sustainable planning in the transport sector has become even more evident. Initiatives aiming at promoting sustainable and innovative mobility solutions, especially in urban areas where mobility needs are higher and transport problems are more intense, have been launched by different organizations around the world. In this context, autonomous electric vehicles are emerging as a promising solution; however, they are accompanied by new infrastructure requirements, along with safety concerns. Policymakers will be confronted with an array of choices, such as plug-in or wireless, dynamic or stationary charging and mixed flow with conventional vehicles or dedicated lanes, taking into account the uncertain impacts of innovation on safety and sustainability. Within this scope, these infrastructure alternatives are evaluated and prioritized, for the first time, in the present study, through the combined application of two hybrid multi-criteria analysis models, with the participation of experts. The analysis is based on a set of safety and sustainability criteria. Road safety and exposure to electromagnetic radiation emerge as the most important criteria, with the optimum solution—based on current data—consisting of plug-in charging and the circulation of autonomous electric vehicles in dedicated lanes.

Autonomous vehicles and freight traffic: towards better efficiency of road, rail or urban logistics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bucsky
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Private Car

Abstract The freight transport sector is a low profit and high competition business and therefore has less ability to invest in research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles (AV) than the private car industry. There are already different levels of automation technologies in the transport industry, but most of these are serving niche demands and answers have yet to be found about whether it would be worthwhile to industrialise these technologies. New innovations from different fields are constantly changing the freight traffic industry but these are less disruptive than on other markets. The aim of this article is to show the current state of development of freight traffic with regards to AVs and analyse which future directions of development might be viable. The level of automation is very different in the case of different transport modes and most probably the technology will favour road transport over other, less environmentally harmful traffic modes.

scholarly journals Application of Mathematical and Computational Methods to Identify Women’s Priorities in Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Sara Poveda-Reyes ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Malviya ◽  
Elena García-Jiménez ◽  
Gemma Dolores Molero ◽  
Maria Chiara Leva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Safe Transport

It is well established that the transport sector is not an equalitarian sector. To develop a sustainable society, a more equalitarian and safe transport system for both users and transport sector employees is needed. This work prioritizes the needs and barriers previously identified as relevant among transport system users and employees for four different transport scenarios (railways, autonomous vehicles (AVs), bicycle-sharing services (BSSs), and employment). The aim of this paper is to prioritize the factors affecting women in these four transport scenarios with the help of a survey followed by the application of mathematical and computational algorithms based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The identification of factors with higher influence in the fair participation of women in the transport sector will help transport planners, bike-sharing system owners, decision-makers, transport companies, and regulatory professionals to develop measures that could plausibly increase the proportion of women as users of BSSs, users of rail public transport, and AVs, as well as employees in the transport sector for a sustainable society. The results indicated that safety and security were the most challenging factors for railways. Weather, topography, and family responsibilities were shown to have a high influence on the use of BSSs. In the case of autonomous vehicles, the simultaneity and trust in the technology are the main opportunities to influence the acceptance of such vehicles. Finally, for transport employment, caring and parenting responsibilities were the factors that had the largest effect. Some differences in priorities were found for different profiles of women.

scholarly journals Modelling Stochastic Electricity Demand of Electric Vehicles Based on Traffic Surveys—The Case of Austria

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Albert Hiesl ◽  
Jasmine Ramsebner ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Battery-powered electric mobility is currently the most promising technology for the decarbonisation of the transport sector, alongside hydrogen-powered vehicles, provided that the electricity used comes 100% from renewable energy sources. To estimate its electricity demand both nationwide and in individual smaller communities, a calculation based assessment on driving profiles that are as realistic as possible is required. The developed model based analysis presented in this paper for the creation of driving and thus electricity load profiles makes it possible to build different compositions of driving profiles. The focus of this paper lies in the analysis of motorised private transport, which makes it possible to assess future charging and load control potentials in a subsequent analysis. We outline the differences in demand and driving profiles for weekdays as well as for Saturdays, Sundays and holidays in general. Furthermore, the modelling considers the length distribution of the individual trips per trip purpose and different start times. The developed method allows to create individual driving and electric vehicle (EV) demand profiles as well as averaged driving profiles, which can then be scaled up and analysed for an entire country.

scholarly journals Environmental sustainability of the Nigeria transport sector through decomposition and decoupling analysis with future framework for sustainable transport pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 3238-3248
Author(s):  
Fidelis I. Abam ◽  
Ekwe B. Ekwe ◽  
Ogheneruona E. Diemuodeke ◽  
Michael I. Ofem ◽  
Bassey B. Okon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Decoupling Analysis
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