scholarly journals Infrastructure Planning for Autonomous Electric Vehicles, Integrating Safety and Sustainability Aspects: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Anastasiadou ◽  
Nikolaos Gavanas ◽  
Magda Pitsiava-Latinopoulou ◽  
Evangelos Bekiaris
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

After the awareness-raising of recent years for coping with the global societal, economic and environmental challenges, the need for sustainable planning in the transport sector has become even more evident. Initiatives aiming at promoting sustainable and innovative mobility solutions, especially in urban areas where mobility needs are higher and transport problems are more intense, have been launched by different organizations around the world. In this context, autonomous electric vehicles are emerging as a promising solution; however, they are accompanied by new infrastructure requirements, along with safety concerns. Policymakers will be confronted with an array of choices, such as plug-in or wireless, dynamic or stationary charging and mixed flow with conventional vehicles or dedicated lanes, taking into account the uncertain impacts of innovation on safety and sustainability. Within this scope, these infrastructure alternatives are evaluated and prioritized, for the first time, in the present study, through the combined application of two hybrid multi-criteria analysis models, with the participation of experts. The analysis is based on a set of safety and sustainability criteria. Road safety and exposure to electromagnetic radiation emerge as the most important criteria, with the optimum solution—based on current data—consisting of plug-in charging and the circulation of autonomous electric vehicles in dedicated lanes.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Emissions Model Combining Autonomous Vehicles with Park and Ride and Electric Vehicle Transportation Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4653
Author(s):  
Mohammed Obaid ◽  
Arpad Torok ◽  
Jairo Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

Several transport policies reduce pollution levels caused by private vehicles by introducing autonomous or electric vehicles and encouraging mode shift from private to public transport through park and ride (P&R) facilities. However, combining the policies of introducing autonomous vehicles with the implementation of electric vehicles and using the P&R system could amplify the decrease of transport sector emissions. The COPERT software has been used to calculate the emissions. This article aims to study these policies and determine which combinations can better reduce pollution. The result shows that each combination of autonomous vehicles reduces pollution to different degrees. In conclusion, the shift to more sustainable transport modes through autonomous electric vehicles and P&R systems reduces pollution in the urban environment to a higher percentage. In contrast, the combination of autonomous vehicles has lower emission reduction but is easier to implement with the currently available infrastructure.

Charging infrastructure demands of shared-use autonomous electric vehicles in urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 102210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongcai Zhang ◽  
Colin J.R. Sheppard ◽  
Timothy E. Lipman ◽  
Teng Zeng ◽  
Scott J. Moura
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

A Decision Support System for On-Demand Goods Delivery Using Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Amel Jaoua ◽  
Marouen Ben Ammar ◽  
Anjali Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Support System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Fleet Sizing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

This article presents a strategic decision support system (DSS) for on-demand delivery companies in urban areas. This DSS is designed and developed for the promising new concept of goods delivery based on a fleet of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs). A simulation-based optimization model is proposed to solve the fleet sizing and composition problems. The efficiency of the developed strategic DSS in determining best fleet size and composition under different scenarios is demonstrated. This article provides managerial insights to help goods delivery companies, who intend to use SAEVs, in determining the type and number of vehicles to acquire.

scholarly journals Small and Light Electric Vehicles: An Analysis of Feasible Transport Impacts and Opportunities for Improved Urban Land Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8098
Author(s):  
Amelie Ewert ◽  
Mascha Brost ◽  
Christine Eisenmann ◽  
Sylvia Stieler
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Technology Application

Improvements in battery technology have resulted in small and light electric vehicles (LEVs) appearing on the market in Europe since 2011—however, their market share is still comparatively low. Low energy requirements and small size can potentially contribute to sustainable mobility in terms of climate protection and reduced local emissions. Our study evaluates how three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles, categorised as L-Class according to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, can contribute to more efficient use of space in urban areas. Evaluations of expert interviews, an extensive literature research, and analyses of the German national household travel survey (MiD) serve as the basis of the study. First, the substitution potential of trips through LEVs is explored using MiD data. Our findings show that between 17% and 49% of trips made and 6% to 30% of the distance covered by private trips can theoretically be substituted by LEVs. Thus, reorganisation of current land use offers potential and additionally, LEVs are an attractive and sustainable addition to other means of transport and contribute to achieving the climate protection goals of the transport sector. Due to the fact that technology application is restricted by travel behaviour and political support, our study discusses possible support by public bodies towards sustainable mobility. Here, the promotion of LEVs in combination with restrictive measures for cars is necessary.

scholarly journals Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles: Which Technology for an Urban Distribution Centre?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lebeau ◽  
Cedric De Cauwer ◽  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
Cathy Macharis ◽  
Wouter Verbeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Vehicle Class ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Distribution Centre ◽  
Reducing Costs

Freight transport has an important impact on urban welfare. It is estimated to be responsible for 25% of CO2emissions and up to 50% of particles matters generated by the transport sector in cities. Facing that problem, the European Commission set the objective of reaching free CO2city logistics by 2030 in major urban areas. In order to achieve this goal, electric vehicles could be an important part of the solution. However, this technology still faces a number of barriers, in particular high purchase costs and limited driving range. This paper explores the possible integration of electric vehicles in urban logistics operations. In order to answer this research question, the authors have developed a fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows for electric vehicles. In particular, an energy consumption model is integrated in order to consider variable range of electric vehicles. Based on generated instances, the authors analyse different sets of vehicles in terms of vehicle class (quadricycles, small vans, large vans, and trucks) and vehicle technology (petrol, hybrid, diesel, and electric vehicles). Results show that a fleet with different technologies has the opportunity of reducing costs of the last mile.

scholarly journals Role of Model Predictive Control for Enhancing Eco-Driving of Electric Vehicles in Urban Transport System of Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9173
Author(s):  
Zifei Nie ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Driving Scenario

Electrification alters the energy demand and environmental impacts of vehicles, which brings about new challenges for sustainability in the transport sector. To further enhance the energy economy of electric vehicles (EVs) and offer an energy-efficient driving strategy for next-generation intelligent mobility in daily synthetic traffic situations with mixed driving scenarios, the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is exploited to develop a predictive cruise control (PCC) system for eco-driving based on a detailed driving scenario switching logic (DSSL). The proposed PCC system is designed hierarchically into three typical driving scenarios, including car-following, signal anticipation, and free driving scenario, using one linear MPC and two nonlinear MPC controllers, respectively. The performances of the proposed tri-level MPC-based PCC system for EV eco-driving were investigated by a numerical simulation using the real road and traffic data of Japan under three typical driving scenarios and an integrated traffic situation. The results showed that the proposed PCC system can not only realize driving safety and comfortability, but also harvest considerable energy-saving rates during either car-following (16.70%), signal anticipation (12.50%), and free driving scenario (30.30%), or under the synthetic traffic situation (19.97%) in urban areas of Japan.

scholarly journals The Synergies of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Renewable Energy in a Virtual Power Plant and Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Iacobucci ◽  
Benjamin McLellan ◽  
Tetsuo Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

The introduction of shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs), expected within the next decade, can transform the car into a service, accelerate electrification of the transport sector, and allow for large scale control of electric vehicle charging. In this work, we investigate the potential for this system to provide aggregated storage when combined with intermittent renewable energy sources. We develop a simulation methodology for the optimization of vehicle charging in the context of a virtual power plant or microgrid, with and without grid connection or distributed dispatchable generators. The model considers aggregate storage availability from vehicles based on transport patterns taking into account the necessary vehicle redistribution. We investigate the case of a grid-connected VPP with rooftop solar and the case of a isolated microgrid with solar, wind, and dispatchable generation. We conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to study the effect of several parameters on the results for both cases.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles for Low Carbon Sustainable Development of Transport sector of Developing Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (S)) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Hemant Nandanpawar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon

Transport sector is one of the largest contributors of energy related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally and is expected to grow 50 percent by 2050. Controlling GHG emission growth of transport sector is necessary in view of limiting the global temperature increase to below 2 degrees Celsius, agreed under Paris Agreement, to avoid extreme Climate Change effects. Further analysis reflects that Electric Vehicles (EV) have great role to play in limiting transport sector emissions. In view of various environmental, climate change and human health related benefits, electric vehicles (EV) is witnessing an increasing trend across the globe, specifically in the developed nations. However, the economics of electric vehicles as well as the physical issues such as charging infrastructure, dependence on grid connected power etc. put a constraint on the fast growth of such vehicles in both, developing and developed economies. Although the Asian developing economies typically have highest growth rate in terms of vehicles usage but due to economic or physical challenges they are unable to deploy the electric vehicles at a swift pace. The principle advantage of battery based electric vehicles is that they are zero-emission at point-of-use. It provides local environmental benefits including cleaner air and reduced noise in urban areas. Overall, EV contributes for the sustainable development of the transport sector and many developed countries have adopted such vehicles on a large scale. Global EV sales were 462,000 during 2015 and it is estimated that EVs will constitute 35% (41 million) of new car sales by 2040. According to the IEA estimates, the US (39%), Japan (16%) and China (12%) are currently the prominent EV stock holding markets globally. This paper includes discussion on various socio economic and environmental benefits of the electric vehicles along with the challenges of its promotion in the developing economies. Further, the paper will also cover the various models for socializing electric vehicles and better adoption as well as policy and other enablers that are crucial for its promotion.

Urban Transport

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José van
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Platformization affects the entire urban transport sector, effectively blurring the division between private and public transport modalities; existing public–private arrangements have started to shift as a result. This chapter analyzes and discusses the emergence of a platform ecology for urban transport, focusing on two central public values: the quality of urban transport and the organization of labor and workers’ rights. Using the prism of platform mechanisms, it analyzes how the sector of urban transport is changing societal organization in various urban areas across the world. Datafication has allowed numerous new actors to offer their bike-, car-, or ride-sharing services online; selection mechanisms help match old and new complementors with passengers. Similarly, new connective platforms are emerging, most prominently transport network companies such as Uber and Lyft that offer public and private transport options, as well as new platforms offering integrated transport services, often referred to as “mobility as a service.”

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