scholarly journals Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
Isabel C. Gil-García ◽  
Mª Socorro García-Cascales ◽  
Habib Dagher ◽  
Angel Molina-García
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Energy transition requires actions from different sectors and levels, mainly focused on achieving a low-carbon and high-renewable integration society. Among the different sectors, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities. Therefore, initiatives and analysis focused on electric vehicles integration powered by renewables is currently a desirable solution to mitigate climate change and promote energy transition. Under this framework, this paper proposes a multi-indicator analysis for the estimation of CO2 emissions combining renewable integration targets, reduction emission targets and realistic renewable resource potentials. Four scenarios are identified and analyzed: (i) current situation with conventional vehicles, (ii) replacement of such conventional by electric vehicles without renewable integration, (iii) and (iv) integration of renewables to fulfill emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 respectively. The analysis is evaluated in the state of Maine (United States). From the results, a minimum renewable penetration of 39% and 82%, respectively, is needed to fulfill the emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 by considering 100% conventional vehicle replacement. Different combinations of available renewable resources can reduce emissions by more than 35%.

scholarly journals Legitimating power: Solar energy rollout, sustainability metrics and transition politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110249
Author(s):  
Siddharth Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainability Metrics ◽  
Energy Transitions

Increasing recognition of the irrefutable urgency to address the global climate challenge is driving mitigation efforts to decarbonise. Countries are setting targets, technological innovation is making renewable energy sources competitive and fossil fuel actors are leveraging their incumbent privilege and political reach to modulate energy transitions. As techno-economic competitiveness is rapidly reconfigured in favour of sources such as solar energy, governance puzzles dominate the research frontier. Who makes key decisions about decarbonisation based on what metrics, and how are consequent benefits and burdens allocated? This article takes its point of departure in ambitious sustainability metrics for solar rollout that Portugal embraced in the late 2010s. This southwestern European country leads on hydro and wind power, and recently emerged from austerity politics after the 2008–2015 recession. Despite Europe’s best solar irradiation, its big solar push only kicked off in late 2018. In explaining how this arose and unfolded until mid-2020 and why, the article investigates what key issues ambitious rapid decarbonisation plans must address to enhance social equity. It combines attention to accountability and legitimacy to offer an analytical framework geared at generating actionable knowledge to advance an accountable energy transition. Drawing on empirical study of the contingencies that determine the implementation of sustainability metrics, the article traces how discrete acts legitimate specific trajectories of territorialisation by solar photovoltaics through discursive, bureaucratic, technocratic and financial practices. Combining empirics and perspectives from political ecology and energy geographies, it probes the politics of just energy transitions to more low-carbon and equitable societal futures.

scholarly journals Modelling Stochastic Electricity Demand of Electric Vehicles Based on Traffic Surveys—The Case of Austria

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Albert Hiesl ◽  
Jasmine Ramsebner ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Battery-powered electric mobility is currently the most promising technology for the decarbonisation of the transport sector, alongside hydrogen-powered vehicles, provided that the electricity used comes 100% from renewable energy sources. To estimate its electricity demand both nationwide and in individual smaller communities, a calculation based assessment on driving profiles that are as realistic as possible is required. The developed model based analysis presented in this paper for the creation of driving and thus electricity load profiles makes it possible to build different compositions of driving profiles. The focus of this paper lies in the analysis of motorised private transport, which makes it possible to assess future charging and load control potentials in a subsequent analysis. We outline the differences in demand and driving profiles for weekdays as well as for Saturdays, Sundays and holidays in general. Furthermore, the modelling considers the length distribution of the individual trips per trip purpose and different start times. The developed method allows to create individual driving and electric vehicle (EV) demand profiles as well as averaged driving profiles, which can then be scaled up and analysed for an entire country.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Emissions Model Combining Autonomous Vehicles with Park and Ride and Electric Vehicle Transportation Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4653
Author(s):  
Mohammed Obaid ◽  
Arpad Torok ◽  
Jairo Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Autonomous Electric Vehicles

Several transport policies reduce pollution levels caused by private vehicles by introducing autonomous or electric vehicles and encouraging mode shift from private to public transport through park and ride (P&R) facilities. However, combining the policies of introducing autonomous vehicles with the implementation of electric vehicles and using the P&R system could amplify the decrease of transport sector emissions. The COPERT software has been used to calculate the emissions. This article aims to study these policies and determine which combinations can better reduce pollution. The result shows that each combination of autonomous vehicles reduces pollution to different degrees. In conclusion, the shift to more sustainable transport modes through autonomous electric vehicles and P&R systems reduces pollution in the urban environment to a higher percentage. In contrast, the combination of autonomous vehicles has lower emission reduction but is easier to implement with the currently available infrastructure.

Primary Energy System Chain Security Under the Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamah Alsayegh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Security ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper examines the energy transition consequences on the oil and gas energy system chain as it propagates from net importing through the transit to the net exporting countries (or regions). The fundamental energy system security concerns of importing, transit, and exporting regions are analyzed under the low carbon energy transition dynamics. The analysis is evidence-based on diversification of energy sources, energy supply and demand evolution, and energy demand management development. The analysis results imply that the energy system is going through technological and logistical reallocation of primary energy. The manifestation of such reallocation includes an increase in electrification, the rise of energy carrier options, and clean technologies. Under healthy and normal global economic growth, the reallocation mentioned above would have a mild effect on curbing the oil and gas primary energy demands growth. A case study concerning electric vehicles, which is part of the energy transition aspect, is presented to assess its impact on the energy system, precisely on the fossil fuel demand. Results show that electric vehicles are indirectly fueled, mainly from fossil-fired power stations through electric grids. Moreover, oil byproducts use in the electric vehicle industry confirms the reallocation of the energy system components' roles. The paper's contribution to the literature is the portrayal of the energy system security state under the low carbon energy transition. The significance of this representation is to shed light on the concerns of the net exporting, transit, and net importing regions under such evolution. Subsequently, it facilitates the development of measures toward mitigating world tensions and conflicts, enhancing the global socio-economic wellbeing, and preventing corruption.

scholarly journals Capabilities of Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Electricity Generation to Charge Electric Vehicle (EV) Operating in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7591
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cieslik ◽  
Filip Szwajca ◽  
Jedrzej Zawartowski ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrzak ◽  
Slawomir Rosolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Almost All

The growing number of electric vehicles in recent years is observable in almost all countries. The country’s energy transition should accompany this rise in electromobility if it is currently generated from non-renewable sources. Only electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources can be considered zero-emission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct interdisciplinary research on the feasibility of combining energy recovery/generation structures and testing the energy consumption of electric vehicles under real driving conditions. This work presents a comprehensive approach for evaluating the energy consumption of a modern public building–electric vehicle system within a specific location. The original methodology developed includes surveys that demonstrate the required mobility range to be provided to occupants of the building under consideration. In the next step, an energy balance was performed for a novel near-zero energy building equipped with a 199.8 kWp photovoltaic installation, the energy from which can be used to charge an electric vehicle. The analysis considered the variation in vehicle energy consumption by season (winter/summer), the actual charging profile of the vehicle, and the parking periods required to achieve the target range for the user.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors that Influence Individuals’ Choice Between Internal Combustion Engine Cars and Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dominik Bucher ◽  
Henry Martin ◽  
Jannik Hamper ◽  
Atefeh Jaleh ◽  
Henrik Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Anxiety

Abstract. The adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to help decarbonizing the transport sector if they are powered by renewable energy sources. Limitations commonly associated with e-cars are their comparatively short ranges and long recharging cycles, leading to anxiety when having to travel long distances. Other factors such as temperature, destination or weekday may influence people in choosing an e-car for a certain trip. Using a unique dataset of 129 people who own both an electric vehicle (EV) as well as one powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE), we analyze tracking data over a year in order to have an empirically verified choice model. Based on a wide range of predictors, this model tells us for an individual journey if the person would rather choose the EV or the ICE car. Our findings show that there are only weak relations between the predictor and target variables, indicating that for many people the switch to an e-car would not affect their lifestyle and the related range anxiety diminishes when actually owning an electric vehicle. In addition, we find that choice behavior does not generalize well over different users.

scholarly journals China’s Energy Transition Policy Expectation and Its CO2 Emission Reduction Effect Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Xiaodi Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Xinchen Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Structure Transition ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Transition Policy ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the expected impact of China’s energy transition on carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation and identifying the key influencing factors in different economic sectors will help to provide better policy recommendations for CO2 emission reduction. Based on the prediction results of China’s CO2 emissions in 2030 under the baseline scenario and the target scenario, this study constructs the control group and the treatment group of the energy transition policy quasinatural experiment and then uses the difference in difference (DID) model to evaluate the CO2 emission reduction effect of China’s energy transition policy. The results reveal that the energy transition policy has a significant impact on CO2 emission reduction and helps to achieve China’s 2030 carbon emission reduction target. The impact of energy structure transition on CO2 emission reduction has significant sectoral heterogeneity, which has a positive reduction effect in the industry sector, wholesale and retail sectors, and accommodation and catering sectors, but its reduction effect is not obvious in transportation, storage, and postal sectors. It is suggested that China should implement the sector-differentiated CO2 mitigation strategy, focus on improving the industrial sector’s energy efficiency, and promote the clean, low-carbon transition of energy consumption structure in construction, transportation, storage, and postal industries.

scholarly journals Designing Wind Energy Harvester for Connected Vehicles in Green Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhaib Ashfaq Khan ◽  
Hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi ◽  
Mubashir Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imran ◽  
Ikram Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Green Cities

The recent advancements in the field of communication have led data sharing to become an integral part of today's smart cities with the evolution of concepts such as the internet of vehicles (IoV) paradigm. As a part of IoV, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have recently gained momentum as authorities have started expanding their Low Emission Zones (LEZ) in an effort to build green cities with low carbon footprints. Energy is one of the key requirements of EVs not only to support the smooth and sustainable operation of EV itself but to also ensure connectivity between the vehicles and infrastructure with controlling devices like sensors and actuators installed within an EV. In this context, renewable energy sources (such as wind energy) dramatically play their parts in the automobile sector towards designing the energy harvesting electric vehicles (EH-EV) to pare the energy reliance on the national grid. In this article, a novel approach is presented to achieve electric generation due to vehicle mobility to support the communication primitives in electric vehicles which enables plenty of IoV use cases in the presence of surplus energy at hand. A small-scale wind turbine is designed to harness wind power for converting it into mechanical power. This power is then fed to the onboard DC generator to produce electrical energy. Furthermore, the acquired power is processed through a regulation circuitry to consequently achieve the desired power supply for the end load, i.e. the batteries installed. The suitable orientation for efficient power generation is proposed on ANSYS-based aerodynamics analysis. The voltages induced by DC generator at No-Load condition are 35V while at Full-Load 25V are generated at rated current of 6.9A, along with the generation of power at around 100W (at constant voltage) at the rated speed of 90 mph for nominal battery charging. Moreover, the acquired data can be monitored via an android application interface by using a Bluetooth module.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for Ukraine on setting long-term integrated climate and energy goals and identifying ways to achieve them. The preconditions, main goals and objectives of the European Green Deal, which was presented by the European Commission in December 2019, are analyzed. The European Green Deal is a comprehensive strategy for the transition to a sustainable economy, clean energy and climate neutrality, i.e., zero greenhouse gas emissions, in Europe by 2050. The adoption of this Deal was preceded by several stages of a coherent EU policy in the relevant sectors. Possibilities for renewable energy development within the framework of the European Green Deal are considered. It is determined that preference is given to the production of green electricity, mobilization of the potential of offshore renewable energy, production of biogas and biofuels from biomass of agricultural origin, sustainable use of low-carbon and renewable fuels, including biomass and hydrogen, in hard-to-electricity sectors. In Ukraine, the document that is closest by its contents to the European Green Deal is the draft Concept of green energy transition until 2050 presented in January 2020. The draft Concept states the goal of achieving 70% of renewable energy sources in electricity generation by 2050 and the climate-neutral economy of Ukraine by 2070. It is recommended that this document should be finalized and adopted formally as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Investments in Croatian RES Plants and Energy Efficient Building Retrofits: Substitutes or Complements?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Davor Mikulić ◽  
Damira Keček
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Croatian energy strategy defines ambitious goals aimed at achieving energy transition toward a sustainable low-carbon society. Achieving those goals requires significant investments in the renewable energy sources and improved energy efficiency of buildings. The purpose of this paper is to estimate and compare the economic effects of the energy transition on the renewable energy supply and demand side. The estimation of the energy transition effects in Croatia in the period 2020–2050 is based on the input-output model, which identifies direct, indirect and induced effects of investments in renewable energy sources and energy efficient buildings renovation. Results of the study reveal relatively higher gross value added and employment effects induced by investments in building retrofits, but the effects of investments in renewable energy are also significant. Investments in sustainable, efficient and environmentally effective energy system could significantly contribute to Croatian GDP. While GVA effects range from 0.4% to 0.6% of annual GDP, the share of full-time equivalent jobs induced by energy transition could reach 0.5% to 1% of total employment in Croatia. Investments in RES plants and energy efficient building reconstruction are not substitutes but complements which ensure a smooth energy transition if undertaken together.

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