scholarly journals The Recovery of Phosphate and Ammonium from Biogas Slurry as Value-Added Fertilizer by Biochar and Struvite Co-Precipitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3827
Author(s):  
Aftab Ali Kubar ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Faqin Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
High Level

Biowaste materials could be considered a renewable source of fertilizer if methods for recovering P from waste can be developed. Over the last few decades, there has been a high level of interest in using biochar to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH nine integration with NH4+, Mg2+, and PO43− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The chemical analysis was measured to find out the composition of the precipitate, and struvite was employed to remove the aqueous solutions. The study found that the most efficient removal of phosphate and ammonium occurred at pH nine in Tongan sludge urban biochar and rice biochar, respectively. Increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the phosphate and ammonium content. Moreover, increasing the biochar temperature and increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the efficiency of the removal of ammonium and phosphate. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and CO32.The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO3− with the increasing concentration from 30 mg L−1 to 240 mg L−1.This study concluded that phosphate and ammonium can be recovered from mushroom soil biochar and rice biochar, and phosphate can be effectively recovered via the struvite precipitation method.

Calcium Carbonate and Cellulose/Calcium Carbonate Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Ma ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Lian Hua Fu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Co Precipitation

CaCO3 has six polymorphs such as vaterite, aragonite, calcite, amorphous, crystalline monohydrate, and hexahydrate CaCO3. CaCO3 is a typical biomineral that is abundant in both organisms and nature and has important industrial applications. Cellulose could be used as feedstocks for producing biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and high value-added bio-based materials. In the past, more attentions have been paid to the synthesis and applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites due to its relating properties such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and bioactivity, and potential applications including biomedical, antibacterial, and water pretreatment fields as functional materials. A variety of synthesis methods such as the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, biomimetic mineralization method, microwave-assisted method, (co-) precipitation method, and sonochemistry method, were employed to the preparation of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In this chapter, the recent development of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites has been reviewed. The synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are summarized. The future developments of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are also suggested.

Synthesis and Characterization of Regular Hexagonal NiCo2O4 Nanosheets

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2027-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jian Bao Li ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Xiao Zhan Yang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Nico2o4 Nanosheets ◽  
Spinel Nico2o4

In this article, the spinel NiCo2O4 nanosheets with diameters of 100-200 nm were prepared by calcinations of co-precipitates, which were obtained by co-precipitation method. Different kinds of precipitants, including NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 and ethanedioic acid aqueous solutions were investigated, and regular hexagonal nanosheets are synthesized only when the precipitant is strong KOH or NaOH solution. The morphology and structure of the hexagonal precursor particles and nanosheets were investigated, and the mechanism of the formation of hexagonal nanosheets is discussed.

Modification of Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles with zirconium oxide; preparation, characterization and its application toward fluoride removal

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (88) ◽  
pp. 72058-72068 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riahi ◽  
M. Bagherzadeh ◽  
Z. Hadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Co Precipitation

Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) modified with zirconia (ZrO2) were synthesized (Fe3O4@ZrO2) using a chemical co-precipitation method and used as a nanoadsorbent in the removal of excessive fluoride from aqueous solutions.

Physical and Optical Properties of Indium Oxide: Tin Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiruntanin Kanoksinwuttipong ◽  
Wisanu Pecharapa ◽  
Russameeruk Noonuruk ◽  
Wicharn Techitdheera
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Tin Nanoparticles ◽  
Ion Substitution ◽  
Co Precipitation

Indium oxide:tin nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using InCl3 and SnCl4·5H2O as starting precursor with different molar ratios of Sn:In. The crystalline structure, optical properties, chemical bonding and morphologies of all samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. The XRD results show that the crystallinity of as-synthesized powders was initially amorphous phase. After calcination at 400 °C for 2 h, a single phase ITO powder with 10% (mol%) SnO2 was obtained. The particle size of each sample is approximately 20-25 nm. The color of indium oxide:tin nanopowders after heat treatment changed from white to yellow due to the substitution of oxygen vacancies in the sample. After calcination, the intensity of Raman peak significantly decreased with increasing amount of Sn loading. This phenomenon indicates that ion substitution may occur during the synthesis process. Moreover, it is noticed that the optical absorbance of obviously changed with increasing Sn loading.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Preparation Method on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Catalytic Activities of Ce-Modified LDH Structures Used as Catalysts in Condensation Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6191
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Elisabeta Stamate ◽  
Rodica Zăvoianu ◽  
Octavian Dumitru Pavel ◽  
Ruxandra Birjega ◽  
Andreea Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Co Precipitation

Mechanical activation and mechanochemical reactions are the subjects of mechanochemistry, a special branch of chemistry studied intensively since the 19th century. Herein, we comparably describe two synthesis methods used to obtain the following layered double hydroxide doped with cerium, Mg3Al0.75Ce0.25(OH)8(CO3)0.5·2H2O: the mechanochemical route and the co-precipitation method, respectively. The influence of the preparation method on the physico-chemical properties as determined by multiple techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, DRIFT, RAMAN, DR-UV-VIS, basicity, acidity, real/bulk densities, and BET measurements was also analyzed. The obtained samples, abbreviated HTCe-PP (prepared by co-precipitation) and HTCe-MC (prepared by mechanochemical method), and their corresponding mixed oxides, Ce-PP (resulting from HTCe-PP) and Ce-MC (resulting from HTCe-MC), were used as base catalysts in the self-condensation reaction of cyclohexanone and two Claisen–Schmidt condensations, which involve the reaction between an aromatic aldehyde and a ketone, at different molar ratios to synthesize compounds with significant biologic activity from the flavonoid family, namely chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) and flavone (2-phenyl-4H-1benzoxiran-4-one). The mechanochemical route was shown to have indisputable advantages over the co-precipitation method for both the catalytic activity of the solids and the costs.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over novel iron–tungsten mixed oxide catalyst in a broad temperature range

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4556-4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Junhua Li ◽  
Yue Peng ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Scr Of No ◽  
Mixed Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Co Precipitation

A series of novel FeW(x) catalysts with different Fe/W molar ratios prepared by the co-precipitation method were investigated in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pb (II) Ions onto Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders in Aqueous Solutions

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Iconaru ◽  
Mikael Motelica-Heino ◽  
Regis Guegan ◽  
Mircea Beuran ◽  
Adrian Costescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Co Precipitation

Contamination of water with heavy metals such as lead is a major worldwide problem because they affect the physiological functions of living organisms, cause cancer, and damage the immune system. Hydroxyapatite, (Ca5(PO4)3OH) is considered one of the most effective materials for removing heavy metals from contaminated water. The hydroxyapatite nanopowders (N-HAp) obtained by a co-precipitation method were used in this research to determine the effectiveness in removing lead ions from contaminated solutions. In this study, we have investigated the structure and morphology of N-HAp nanopowders using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic transmission microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structure information was also obtained by spectroscopy measurements. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the presence of peaks corresponding to the phosphate and hydroxyl groups. The ability of N-HAp nanopowders to adsorb lead ions from aqueous solutions were established. The results of the kinetic and equilibrium studies on the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution revealed that the adsorption of lead (II) cations is due to the surface reaction with the hydroxyl terminal groups on the adsorbent and the combination of the positive charges of the metal cations with the negative charges on the adsorbent surfaces. These observations could validate the use of these ceramic nanopowders in ecological remediation strategies.

scholarly journals Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using Mg-Fe, Zn-Fe, Mn-Fe layered double hydroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2522-2532
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Shi ◽  
Yanmei Wang ◽  
Shuyu Sun ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Haibo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDH) with highly flexible and adjustable chemical composition and physical properties have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. A series of LDH with different M (Mg, Zn, Mn)-Fe molar ratios were synthesized by the double titration co-precipitation method. The effect of the factors, including M (Mg, Zn, Mn) : Fe molar ratio, pH, and M-Fe LDH dosage, on the ability of the prepared M-Fe LDH to remove cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution were investigated. Results indicated that the removal efficiency of MB (10 mg/L) was the best at the M (Mg, Zn, Mn): Fe molar ratio of 3:1 by using 2.0 g/L of M-Fe LDH at pH 6.0 under 298.15 K. Mg-Fe LDH had the highest removal performance (71.94 mg/g at 298.15 K) for MB compared to those of the Zn-Fe and Mn-Fe LDH. Zn-Fe LDH with the smallest activation energy resulted in the fastest adsorption rate of MB. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm were also successfully applied to fit the theory of M-Fe LDH for removal of MB.

scholarly journals Mg–Al-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Modified Diatoms for Highly Efficient Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Sriram ◽  
U. T. Uthappa ◽  
Dusan Losic ◽  
Madhuprasad Kigga ◽  
Ho-Young Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cr Removal

In this work, diatomaceous earth (DE) or diatoms are modified with Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (DE-LDH) using the facile co-precipitation method to demonstrate their application for the removal of toxic dyes such as Congo Red (CR), which was used as a model. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) characterization confirms the successful modification of diatom microcapsules structures, showing their surface decorated with LDH nano patches with sheet-like morphologies. The surface area of the DE was enhanced from 28 to 51 m2/g after modification with LDH. The adsorption studies showed that the maximum CR removal efficiency of DE and DE-LDH was ~15% and ~98%, respectively at pH 7, which is a significant improvement compared with unmodified DE. The maximum adsorption capacities of DE-LDH were improved ten times (305.8 mg/g) compared with the bare DE (23.2 mg/g), showing very high adsorption performances. The recyclability study of DE-LDH up to five cycles, after desorbing CR either by methanol or by NaOH, showed the efficient removal of the CR by up to three cycles via adsorption. The presented study suggests the promising application of DE-LDH as an effective material for application in the removal of CR from aqueous solutions for industrial wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Selective nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by a hydrotalcite-like absorbent FeMgMn-LDH

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguang Zhou ◽  
Youlin Tan ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yanmei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Sieve Effect ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract FeMgMn-LDH, a type of potential environmental remediation material, has been synthesized via a co-precipitation method, and its adsorption characteristics for nitrate were investigated in this study. It’s shown that the prepared FeMgMn-LDH is a promising adsorbent for anions removal, which has high buffer capacity (final pH remained between 9 and 10) and high reversibility, and can remove nitrate ions selectively though an anion-sieve effect. The maximum amount of nitrate adsorption is 10.56 N-mg g−1 at 25 ℃. The removal rate of nitrate ions can reach 86.26% with the adsorbent dose of 5 g/L in a real water. The competition order of coexisting anions on nitrate adsorption by FeMgMn-LDH is CO32− > PO43− > SO42−. The negative values of ΔG0 (from − 27.796 to − 26.426 kJ mol−1) and ΔH0 (− 6.678 kJ mol−1) indicate that the nitrate adsorption process on the FeMgMn-LDH is spontaneous and exothermic. The main adsorption mechanisms of nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by FeMgMn-LDH are electrostatic attraction and ion exchange.

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