scholarly journals Bikeway Provision and Bicycle Commuting: City-Level Empirical Findings from the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Qiyao Yang ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Zhengying Liu ◽  
Harry Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Bicycle Commuting ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Aid Policy

The growing worldwide awareness of the significant benefits of bicycling as an urban transport mode has aroused great interest in exploring the role that bikeways play in promoting utilitarian bicycling. However, few studies assess the contribution of citywide bikeway provision with the inclusion of all facility types and differentiation of facility utilities. This study provides new evidence by evaluating the collective effects of bikeway kilometers per square kilometer, bikeway kilometers per 10,000 population, and low-stress bikeway proportion on the bicycle-commuting share in 28 US cities between 2005 and 2017. Using linear panel regression models, we found that the expansion of citywide bikeway infrastructure positively influences the share of commute trips by bicycle. The results also indicated that the proportion of low-stress bikeways has a stronger impact on the bicycling-to-work share than bikeway kilometers per 10,000 population, while the impact of bikeway kilometers per square kilometer ranks last. These findings may aid policy makers and planners in formulating sound city-level bikeway policies favoring sustainable urban transportation scenarios.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Listings on Liquidity: Evidence from the Indian Stock Market

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
L M Bhole ◽  
Shahrokh M Saudagaran
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
American Depositary Receipts ◽  
Equity Offerings ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Capital Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Depositary Receipts ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Impact

Between May 1992 and June 2001, 72 Indian companies tapped the international capital markets with their equity offerings in form of Depositary Receipts (DRs). Initially, most of these programmes were in the form of Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and were traded on London and Luxembourg stock exchanges. Since 1999, many Indian companies have been listing their American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) on the US stock exchanges. Home market responses to issuance of DRs are of interest to the policy makers, investors, market intermediaries, CFOs, and finance scholars. Policy makers m emerging markets are increasingly concerned about the consequences for the domestic equity market when companies list stocks abroad. The present paper assesses the impact of listing of ADRs/GDRs on the liquidity of the firm's underlying domestic shares by using a sample of 30 Indian DR programmes that listed on the foreign markets between 1st January, 1996 and 30th June, 2001. Consistent with the theoretical assertions and results of Domowitz, Glen and Madhavan (1998), the authors record mixed results — while ADR listings in most cases reduce the liquidity of the domestic underlying shares, GDR listings in most cases increase the liquidity of the domestic underlying shares.

Comparison of International Differences in the Volatility of Economic Growth and Non-Performing Loan Ratio: A Statistical Study Based on the Quantile Regression Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101
Author(s):  
Song Qin ◽  
Zhenlei Wang ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Quantile Regression Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

What is the level of non-performing loans in China’s banking sector and in different countries? Has the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio changed? Is there a difference in the effect of the economic growth of different economies on the rate of non-performing loans in the banking sector? This study analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratios and characteristics of 13 countries from 2005-2014 based on quantile regression models with panel data. The results showed that the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio was positive before the financial crisis in 2008 but was negative after 2008. The non-performing loan ratio in Canada, Mexico, and the US was low before 2008 and high after 2008. The impact of economic growth on the non-performing loan ratio was more significant for countries with a high non-performing loan ratio than for countries with a low non-performing loan ratio.

Community Lifeline Framework for Leveraging Stabilization in Response and Recovery to Major Hurricanes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Judy Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The United States (US) and Caribbean regions remain vulnerable to the impact of severe tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons. In 2017, a series of hurricanes posed threats to residents living in inland and coastal communities as well as on islands isolated from the US mainland. Harvey, Irma, Jose, and Maria caused catastrophic infrastructure damage, resulting in a loss of electrical power and communications due to damaged or downed utility poles, cell towers, and transmission lines. Critical services were inoperable for many months. Emergency managers are public officials who are accountable to both political leaders and the citizens. During disaster events, emergency managers must prioritize areas of effort, manage personnel, and communicate with stakeholders to address critical infrastructure interdependences. Essential lifeline services (eg, energy and communications) were inoperable for many months, which led to increased attention from policy-makers, media, and the public.

The Impact of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 on Trends in Federal Sex Trafficking Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana M. Judge ◽  
Blake Boursaw
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Trafficking Victims Protection Act ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

In this study, we addressed the need for empirical research on human trafficking by compiling unique data relating to criminal charges filed in federal judicial districts and using these data to examine trends in sex trafficking-related cases, as well as the impact on those trends of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA). Results from our regression models indicate that the proportion of all charges filed by federal prosecutors that involved sex trafficking and related cases increased significantly between 1994 and 2007. The rate of increase, however, slowed in the time period following the passage of the TVPA, suggesting that the TVPA may have helped to mitigate increases in new cases. In addition, our results show statistically significant inverse relationships between immigration and sex trafficking-related charges filed, providing new evidence to support the possibility that some sex trafficking-related cases may be being prosecuted as immigration cases instead.

Helping Small Business cope during COVID-19: A brief survey of measures implemented across countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Jia Qi Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

This paper offers a brief review of current studies with regards to the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses across countries. This survey of experiences elsewhere might provide insights to policy makers in countries that are struggling to cope with the problem on the initiatives to consider and the additional initiatives that might be necessary to make them effective in their individual country contexts. Given limitations of space, we survey only a limited sample of countries from Asia and Europe, along the US and Canada. Hopefully, their experiences will provide a broad enough spectrum of initiatives for policy makers elsewhere to consider and evaluate. Keywords: Small Business, COVID-19, Impact, Literature Review

The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Monetary Policy: A Case Study in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Truc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aid Policy

This paper examines the impact of financial inclusion (FI) on monetary policy (MP) – a case study in Vietnam. The PCA method is used to construct a FI index- considered as a comprehensive measure of FI. To answer the main research questions, OLS and GLS models are used to analyze and to overcome the phenomenon of heteroskedasticity. Data is collected through secondary sources including World Bank and IMF reports (for the period 2004-2015). The results of empirical research indicate that there is a negative impact of FI on MP. Accordingly, FI transmits to more successful MP, making efficient financial intermediation and balances, contributing to a stable and sustainable economy. This study concludes that FI will enable monetary policy to extend its reach to the financially excluded and aid policy makers to make better predictions of movements in inflation.

Catalysing Events, Think Tanks and American Foreign Policy Shifts: A Comparative Analysis of the Impacts of Pearl Harbor 1941 and 11 September 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjeet Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Shifts

AbstractThe American aggression in Iraq and the campaign in Afghanistan resulted from the 11 September 2001 attacks in the US. 9/11 has had a massive, catalysing effect on the American public, press, main political parties and official foreign policy makers. This article assesses the impact of 9/11 in changing US foreign policy and especially in creating a new foreign policy establishment by comparing it to the consequences of an historical military attack on the United States – Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. It concludes that there is adequate evidence to suggest that a new bipartisan foreign policy consensus/establishment has emerged.

THE DYNAMICS OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJELL HAUSKEN ◽  
JOHN F. MOXNES
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Us ◽  
War On Crime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

This article analyzes crime development which is one of the largest threats in today's world, frequently referred to as the war on crime. The criminal commits crimes in his free time (when not in jail) according to a non-stationary Poisson process which accounts for fluctuations. Expected values and variances for crime development are determined. The deterrent effect of imprisonment follows from the amount of time in imprisonment. Each criminal maximizes expected utility defined as expected benefit (from crime) minus expected cost (imprisonment). A first-order differential equation of the criminal's utility-maximizing response to the given punishment policy is then developed. The analysis shows that if imprisonment is absent, criminal activity grows substantially. All else being equal, any equilibrium is unstable (labile), implying growth of criminal activity, unless imprisonment increases sufficiently as a function of criminal activity. This dynamic approach or perspective is quite interesting and has to our knowledge not been presented earlier. The empirical data material for crime intensity and imprisonment for Norway, England and Wales, and the US supports the model. Future crime development is shown to depend strongly on the societally chosen imprisonment policy. The model is intended as a valuable tool for policy makers who can envision arbitrarily sophisticated imprisonment functions and foresee the impact they have on crime development.

scholarly journals Impact of vaccine hesitancy on secondary COVID-19 outbreaks in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso de Miguel Arribas ◽  
Alberto Aleta ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Important Amount ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The COVID-19 outbreak has become the worst pandemic in at least a century. To fight this disease, a global effort led to the development of several vaccines at an unprecedented rate. There have been, however, several logistic issues with its deployment, from their production and transport, to the hesitancy of the population to be vaccinated. For different reasons, an important amount of individuals is reluctant to get the vaccine, something that hinders our ability to control and - eventually - eradicate the disease. In this work, we analyze the impact that this hesitancy might have in a context in which a more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern spreads through a partially vaccinated population. We use age-stratified data from surveys on vaccination acceptance, together with age-contact matrices to inform an age-structured SIR model set in the US. Our results clearly show that higher vaccine hesitancy ratios led to larger outbreaks. A closer inspection of the stratified infection rates also reveals the important role played by the youngest groups. Our results could shed some light on the role that hesitancy will play in the near future and inform policy-makers and the general public of the importance of reducing it.

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