scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting the Environmental Impact of Concrete Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Daniel Wałach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Concrete is the one of the most important construction materials not only in terms of its global consumption but also environmental impact. However, there are many possibilities to reduce the environmental impact of concrete structures. This paper presents a set of factors determining the environmental impact of subsequent stages in the life cycles of concrete objects. In the research, the method of deduction and mathematical logic was applied to identify the parameters. Using the DEMATEL method, the significance of the identified factors was determined. An influential relation map allowed to specify a set of important parameters (causes) that affect the impact of the structure on the environment. The most important causes include: Concrete class, structural loads, static of the structure, materials used, and their suppliers as well as the volume of structural elements. The results of the analysis both confirmed the previous findings, as well as shows a set of indicators not previously highlighted. The cause-and-effect relationships between the parameters, and its significance was also determined. The results enable to indicate further directions of reducing the environmental impact of the concrete structure.

scholarly journals Early-Age Cracking in Concrete: Causes, Consequences, Remedial Measures, and Recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
A. Kaish ◽  
Chin-Ong Woon ◽  
Sudharshan Raman
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Service Conditions

Cracking is a common problem in concrete structures in real-life service conditions. In fact, crack-free concrete structures are very rare to find in real world. Concrete can undergo early-age cracking depending on the mix composition, exposure environment, hydration rate, and curing conditions. Understanding the causes and consequences of cracking thoroughly is essential for selecting proper measures to resolve the early-age cracking problem in concrete. This paper will help to identify the major causes and consequences of the early-age cracking in concrete. Also, this paper will be useful to adopt effective remedial measures for reducing or eliminating the early-age cracking problem in concrete. Different types of early-age crack, the factors affecting the initiation and growth of early-age cracks, the causes of early-age cracking, and the modeling of early-age cracking are discussed in this paper. A number of examples for various early-age cracking problems of concrete found in different structural elements are also shown. Above all, some recommendations are given for minimizing the early-age cracking in concrete. It is hoped that the information conveyed in this paper will be beneficial to improve the service life of concrete structures. Concrete researchers and practitioners may benefit from the contents of this paper.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Alexandra Bertron ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ecological Construction ◽  
The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

Evaluating the effect of subsidies for rural development on agri-food and forestry firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (80) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
José A. Pérez-Méndez ◽  
María Pérez-Urdiales ◽  
David Roibas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forestry Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the subsidies established by Measure 123 of the Rural Development Policy on the productivity of a sample of agri-food and forestry companies in the region of Asturias over the period 2006-2009. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a stochastic frontier function which allows subsidies to be considered as affecting both the level of technical efficiency and technical progress. Findings The results show that while subsidies have a positive effect on the technical progress of companies in the agri-food industry, for the forestry industry, the effect materializes as an improvement in technical efficiency. Additionally, other factors affecting either, technical progress and technical efficiency were identified. Originality/value This study adopts a model that allows the separate identification of the effect of subsidies on the level of efficiency, on the one hand, and on the technical progress, on the other.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Artificial Geopolymer Aggregates with Natural Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Abdullah ◽  
Ku Amirrul Rahman Ku Yin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mien Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregates with natural aggregate (rock) in term of its impact strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The raw materials used were fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and natural aggregate. After the artificial geopolymer aggregate has been produced, its water absorption, specific gravity and aggregate impact test has been done. All results obtained were compared to natural aggregate. The result shows that the fly ash geopolymer aggregate are lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value for fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate slightly high compared to natural aggregate while it has high water absorption value compared to natural aggregate. As conclusion, the fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate can be used as one of the construction materials in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.

scholarly journals Indoor radon assessment in kindergartens: towards a national action plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Carrijo da Silva Dias ◽  
Nivaldo Carlos Da Silva ◽  
Wanilson Luiz Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
National Programs ◽  
The Impact

The study presents the results of indoor radon monitoring of 342 public kindergarten rooms of a Brazilian municipality within a region featuring high natural radioactivity. Facility characterization local perception assessment were also conducted. Rooms were monitored by exposure of ATD detectors for an average 356 days. Monitoring resulted in arithmetic and population weighted means of 83 and 82 Bq m-3 respectively, while a geometrical mean value of 61 Bq m-3 was estimated. Concentrations ranged between < 3 and 697 Bq m-3 while 8.1% of rooms presented values above 200 Bq m-3 (in different units), where similarities in construction materials used in floors were noted. High variability was observed among regions, CEI units within a region and even rooms within a unit. The collected data on room ventilation elucidated challenges to large monitoring programs when evaluating the impact of human habits and window characteristics in results. The high variability of results poses challenges to the establishment of national programs in large and diverse areas such as Brazil. The first indoor radon study in children facilities in the country represents an important step towards it.

scholarly journals Civil engineering materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Furkan Findik ◽  
Fehim Findik
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used

For any construction project to prove satisfactory, it is essential to understand the properties of materials during both the design and construction phases. It is crucial to consider the economic viability and sociological and environmental impact of a project. During this initial design phase, possible alternative locations and a preliminary assessment of suitable construction materials are taken into account. The decision of which structural form and material choice is most appropriate depends on a number of factors including cost, physical properties, durability and availability of materials. Buildings can contain wood, metals, concrete, bituminous materials, polymers, and bricks and blocks. Some of these can only be used in non-structural elements, while others can be used alone or in combination with structural elements. The actual materials used in the structural members will depend on both the structural form and other factors mentioned earlier. In this study, various materials such as metal, timber, concrete floor and polymer used in civil engineering were examined, the properties and usage areas of these materials were examined.

scholarly journals Impact of impurities of local construction materials on the bearing capacity of the concrete used in structures in Burundi

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1357-1362
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mikerego ◽  
Nestor Niyonzima ◽  
Jean Claude Ntirampeba
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixing Water

Introduction. The article is about an assessment of the impact of impurities contained in the local construction materials on the mechanical characteristics of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures in Burundi. Materials and methods. The methodology of the study consisted in varying the quantity of impurities for the manufactu­ring of the concrete experimental cubic samples. The grain sizes of the studied ordinary concrete were in the favourable zones according to the recommended granulometry for standard concretes. Simulation of impurities was made by adding in the mixing water solid particles taken from a local rock called “red earth”. The particles were composed by (24 %) of clays, (38 %) of silts and (38 %) of sands. As for the used cement in this study, it was the type CEM I (32.5). The quantities of impurities were expressed in grams per litre of mixing water (g/l) and were varying from (0 g/l) to (100 g/l) with a step of (20 g/l). The prepared experimental concrete samples were stored in the laboratory of materials at the University of Burundi and were subjected to compression testing under hydraulic press after 28 days. Results. The impact of impurities consisting of (24 %) of clays, (38 %) of silts and (38 %) of sands is identified. Each increase of (20 g) of impurities in a litre of mixing water induces an average decrease of (4 %) on the compressive strength and the Young’s modulus for an ordinary concrete. Conclusions. The impact of impurities contained in the local construction materials used in the manufacturing of the concrete for reinforced concrete structures in Burundi is studied. Each increase of (20 g) of impurities in a litre of mixing water induces an average decrease of (4 %) on the compressive strength and the Young’s modulus of an ordinary concrete. For Burundi, a curve for the approximation of the bearing capacity of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures according to the quantity of impurities contained in the local construction materials was established. Hence, it is advisable to start by the specification of the quantity of impurities contained in the construction materials before making the concrete for reinforced concrete structures in order to predict the mechanical performances of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA TIDAK MEMBUANG AIR BESAR DI SUNGAI (STOP BABS) DI DESA GAMPANG KECAMATAN PRAMBON

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Shoim Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intentional Behavior ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Sanitation is the one component of environmental health as intentional behavior for cultivate human hygiene to prevent direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste material, with the hope to maintain and improve human health. This is because, the environment may play a direct cause influential factor in supporting the outbreak of disease and as factors affecting the course of the disease. All feces is a medium as breeding and seed base of infectious diseases. The impact of the disease is most often caused by defecation to the river is the widespread bacterium Escherichia coli, which can cause diarrhea. After that could be dehydrated, and because of the condition of human body’s down then get other diseases. The river is a very important source of water to support human’s life. Dynamism watersheds are influenced by the weather, river flow characteristics and human behaviour of the people who live around the river banks. As a result of effluent from people behaviour causes disturbance to the ecosystem of the river flow. Starting from the non-fulfillment of water quality 3B standarts (colorless, odorless and non-toxic), reduced numbers of fish and water animals, the emergence of a rundown neighborhood until the emergence of health problems and others, therefore, to KKN-PPM in the field of Environmental Sanitation and Supply water in the village Easy in Subdisrtict Prambon, Sidoarjo, the program will be made by "socialization of Great Importance Not Throw water on the River (STOP BABS)".

scholarly journals Radiation-related hygienic assessment of construction materials in urbanized complexes in the Volgograd region

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sidelnikova ◽  
Lidia Khorzova ◽  
Pavel Sidyakin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The concept of safety and assurance of vital human activities in urbanization is one of the most significant backbone concepts of human ecology. The comfort of residential buildings is largely owed to the radiation properties of the construction materials used. Therefore, the radiation-related hygienic support of technological processes and construction procedures is an important issue for the construction industry. Solving problems associated with improving the radiation safety of urbanized complexes depends on implementing legislation in the sphere of limiting human exposure to the impact of naturally occurring radionuclides. The paper presents the results of studies carried out by the authors on the specific activities of naturally occurring radionuclides in the construction materials manufactured and used in the Volgograd region. Through these large-scale studies, it was found out that the construction materials manufactured in the Volgograd region are in compliance with the national legislative and standard requirements; they are referred to as class 1 and can be applied for the construction of residential and public buildings.

scholarly journals Analysis of Major Environmental Impact Categories of Road Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6951
Author(s):  
Won-Jun Park ◽  
Rakhyun Kim ◽  
Seungjun Roh ◽  
Hoki Ban
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Environmental Impact Categories ◽  
The Impact

To address the environmental problems associated with construction materials, the construction industry has made considerable efforts to reduce carbon emissions. However, construction materials cause several other environmental problems in addition to carbon emissions and thus, a comprehensive analysis of environmental impact categories is required. This study aims to determine the major environmental impact categories for each construction material in production stage using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique on road projects. Through the review of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies, the abiotic depletion potential (ADP), ozone depletion potential, photochemical oxidant creation potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, eco-toxicity potential, human toxicity potential, as well as the global warming potential (GWP) were defined as impact categories. To define the impact categories for road construction materials, major environmental pollutants were analyzed for a number of road projects, and impact categories for 13 major construction materials were selected as mandatory impact categories. These materials contributed more than 80% to the impact categories from an LCA perspective. The impact categories to which each material contributed more than 99% were proposed as specialization impact categories to provide basic data for use in the LCIA of future road projects.

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