scholarly journals Civil engineering materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Furkan Findik ◽  
Fehim Findik
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used

For any construction project to prove satisfactory, it is essential to understand the properties of materials during both the design and construction phases. It is crucial to consider the economic viability and sociological and environmental impact of a project. During this initial design phase, possible alternative locations and a preliminary assessment of suitable construction materials are taken into account. The decision of which structural form and material choice is most appropriate depends on a number of factors including cost, physical properties, durability and availability of materials. Buildings can contain wood, metals, concrete, bituminous materials, polymers, and bricks and blocks. Some of these can only be used in non-structural elements, while others can be used alone or in combination with structural elements. The actual materials used in the structural members will depend on both the structural form and other factors mentioned earlier. In this study, various materials such as metal, timber, concrete floor and polymer used in civil engineering were examined, the properties and usage areas of these materials were examined.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting the Environmental Impact of Concrete Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Daniel Wałach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Concrete is the one of the most important construction materials not only in terms of its global consumption but also environmental impact. However, there are many possibilities to reduce the environmental impact of concrete structures. This paper presents a set of factors determining the environmental impact of subsequent stages in the life cycles of concrete objects. In the research, the method of deduction and mathematical logic was applied to identify the parameters. Using the DEMATEL method, the significance of the identified factors was determined. An influential relation map allowed to specify a set of important parameters (causes) that affect the impact of the structure on the environment. The most important causes include: Concrete class, structural loads, static of the structure, materials used, and their suppliers as well as the volume of structural elements. The results of the analysis both confirmed the previous findings, as well as shows a set of indicators not previously highlighted. The cause-and-effect relationships between the parameters, and its significance was also determined. The results enable to indicate further directions of reducing the environmental impact of the concrete structure.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation on The Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Demolition Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 624-633
Author(s):  
B. Srinivasulu ◽  
K. Mohammed Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Construction Works

Concrete is the most widely used as construction materials in the world. In fact, concrete is used in virtually everything and there are still no substitutes are available for many of its application. Without concrete, the community and society today could not exist. Therefore, lots of researchers and engineers are doing the research of the aggregate sources. All these research as alternative sources for the replacement of the natural aggregates in producing concrete in the various future construction works. In that concept we had made the research on the fine aggregate replacement in concrete with the construction and demolition waste. The project explains about the properties of materials used in concrete, mechanical and transport properties of the concrete.

scholarly journals The Exploitation Problems Marine Light Constructions for Corrosion Resistance / Problemy Eksploatacyjne Lekkich Konstrukcji Morskich w Aspekcie Odporności Korozyjnej

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jurczak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Ship Construction ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Corrosive degradation of construction materials for marine structures is a natural phenomenon. The extent of deterioration in mechanical properties of materials used in ship construction is directly linked to the chemical makeup of the material as well as the prevailing environmental conditions (e.g. salinity, physical stress) an the applied anti-corrosive coating. The paper presents results of research into stress corrosion of highly durable aluminum alloys. In order to increase the safety while using the above mentioned components, logging of corrosive potential has been introduced in the case of selected (corrosion-prone) number of surfaces of the quarter-section in relation the model 620 ship, made of 7020 alloy, so that the hazard of corrosive breach can be monitored.

AMS Dating of Potentially the Oldest Wooden Sculptures in Japan from a Shinto Shrine in Akita

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228
Author(s):  
Naoto Fukuyo ◽  
Yusuke Yokoyama ◽  
Yosuke Miyairi ◽  
Yusuke Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Akita Prefecture ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Matching Techniques

ABSTRACTWe analyzed rare wooden Komainu found at Akagami Shrine in Akita prefecture, Japan. The formation of historical objects is often thoroughly recorded in documents, although the formation age of this particular Komainu sculpture is still unknown due to its antiquity. Thus, age determination exercises have been conducted using radiocarbon (14C)-wiggle-matching techniques. Although only a limited quantity was available for sampling, we have successfully measured 14C samples in the sculptures along with several sets of tree rings. We interpret the Komainu sculptures age considering the age of the trees and the result obtained from the wooden construction materials used for the Akagami shrine. The results obtained from Komainu show a range from 550 CE to 1020 CE, which is consistent with the dates of the shrine’s formation. Thus, the multiple 14C-wiggle-matching method can determine precise calendar ages of wood, as well as provide some supportive information for the periods when there are no reliable historical documents.

scholarly journals Optimum Thickness of Thermal Insulation with Both Economic and Ecological Costs of Heating and Cooling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3835
Author(s):  
Robert Dylewski ◽  
Janusz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Walls

The energy efficiency of the construction sector should be determined by the cleanliness of the environment and, thus, the health of society. The scientific aim of this article was to develop a methodology for determining the optimum thickness of thermal insulation, taking into account both economic and ecological aspects and considering both heating and cooling costs. The method takes into account the number of degree days of the heating period, as well as the number of degree days of the cooling period. Variants in terms of different types of thermal insulation, various types of construction materials for building walls, climatic zones and heat sources, were taken into consideration. In order to find the optimum thicknesses of thermal insulation, both in economic and ecological terms, a metacriterion was used. The optimum thicknesses of thermal insulation with the use of the metacriterion were obtained in the range of 0.11–0.55 m. It was observed that the values of the optimum heat transfer coefficients for economic and ecological reasons do not depend on the type of construction materials used for vertical walls. The type of applied heat source is of the greatest importance for the size of the economic and ecological benefits. The proposed mathematical model for determining the optimum thickness of thermal insulation with the use of a metacriterion is a kind of generalization of earlier models from the literature.

scholarly journals Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Nisar Ali Khan ◽  
Giorgio Monti ◽  
Camillo Nuti ◽  
Marco Vailati
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Mortar Strength ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Seismic Response Of Buildings

Infilled reinforced concrete (IRC) frames are a very common construction typology, not only in developing countries such as Pakistan but also in southern Europe and Western countries, due to their ease of construction and less technical skills required for the construction. Their performance during past earthquakes has been in some cases satisfactory and in other cases inadequate. Significant effort has been made among researchers to improve such performance, but few have highlighted the influence of construction materials used in the infill walls. In some building codes, infills are still considered as non-structural elements, both in the design of new buildings and, sometimes, in the assessment of existing buildings. This is mainly due to some difficulties in modeling their mechanical behavior and also the large variety of typologies, which are difficult to categorize. Some building codes, for example, Eurocode, already address the influence of infill walls in design, but there is still a lack of homogeneity among different codes. For example, the Pakistan building code (PBC) does not address infills, despite being a common construction technique in the country. Past earthquake survey records show that construction materials and infill types significantly affect the seismic response of buildings, thus highlighting the importance of investigating such parameters. This is the object of this work, where a numerical model for infill walls is introduced, which aims at predicting their failure mode, as a function of some essential parameters, such as the friction coefficient between mortar and brick surface and mortar strength, usually disregarded in previous models. A comprehensive case study is presented of a three-story IRC frame located in the city of Mirpur, Pakistan, hit by an earthquake of magnitude 5.9 on 24 September 2019. The results obtained from the numerical model show good agreement with the damage patterns observed in situ, thus highlighting the importance of correctly modeling the infill walls when seismically designing or assessing Pakistani buildings that make use of this technology.

Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Naganathan ◽  
Charan Singh Jasbir Singh ◽  
Yim Wil Shen ◽  
Peng Eng Kiat ◽  
Sivadass Thiruchelvam
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Engineering

Nanotechnology can be used for design and construction processes in many areas since nanotechnology generated products have many unique characteristics. These characteristics can significantly fix current construction problems, and may change the requirement and organization of the construction process. This paper reviews the basic concept of nanotechnology, different types of nanomaterial and their manufacturing process as well as the applications of nanotechnology in different fields such as concrete, pavement engineering, construction materials. Use of nanotechnology is found to offer high performing and efficient materials. Specific application areas include water and waste water treatment, construction materials etc. The use of nanotechnology in civil engineering is still in infancy stage. The production methods, pollutions caused to human health, manufacturing difficulties, performance are the issues to be addressed in order to use the nanotechnology in civil engineering.

scholarly journals Bond between Concrete and Multi-Directional CFRP Laminates

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sena-Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Barros ◽  
Mário Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Cfrp Laminate ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Pullout Tests

Recently, laminates of multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymers (MDL-CFRP) have been developed for Civil Engineering applications. A MDL-CFRP laminate has fibers in distinct directions that can be arranged in order to optimize stiffness and/or strength requisites. These laminates can be conceived in order to be fixed to structural elements with anchors, resulting high effective strengthening systems. To evaluate the strengthening potentialities of this type of laminates, pullout tests were carried out. The influence of the number of anchors, their geometric location and the applied pre-stress are analyzed. The present work describes the carried-out tests and presents and analyzes the most significant obtained results.

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