scholarly journals Assessment of Rain Garden Effects for the Management of Urban Storm Runoff in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9982
Author(s):  
Linying Zhang ◽  
Zehao Ye ◽  
Shozo Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Storm runoff is a growing concern against a background of increasing urban densification, land-use adaptation and climate change. In this study, a storm water management model was used to analyze the hydrological and water-quality effects of rain gardens (also known as bioretention cells) as nonpoint source control solutions in low-impact development (LID) practices for an urban catchment in the Nakagyo Ward area of Kyoto in Japan. The results of simulations with input involving Chicago hyetographs derived for different rainfall return periods (referred to as 3 a, 5 a, 10 a, 30 a, 50 a and 100 a) indicated the effectiveness of this arrangement, in particular for rainstorm 3 a, which exhibited the maximum contaminant reduction ratio (Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 15.50%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 16.17%, Total Nitrogen (TN) 17.34%, Total Phosphorus (TP) 19.07%) and a total runoff reduction volume of 46.56 × 106 L. With 5 a, the maximum number of flooding nodes was reduced to 87, demonstrating that rain gardens handle rainfall effectively over a five-year return period. There was a one-minute delay for 100 a, which again indicates that rain gardens support control of urban runoff and mitigate flooding. Such gardens were associated with reduced stormwater hazards and enhanced resistance to short-term rainstorms at the research site, and should be considered for urban planning in Kyoto and other cities all over the world.

scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of land use/land cover change in a developing urban catchment

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2527-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Junchao He ◽  
Xinxin Ren ◽  
Weijin Xi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of land use/cover change (LUCC) on hydrological processes and water resources are mainly reflected in changes in runoff and pollutant variations. Low impact development (LID) technology is utilized as an effective strategy to control urban stormwater runoff and pollution in the urban catchment. In this study, the impact of LUCC on runoff and pollutants in an urbanizing catchment of Guang-Ming New District in Shenzhen, China, were quantified using a dynamic rainfall-runoff model with the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Based on the simulations and observations, the main objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the catchment runoff and pollutant variations with LUCC, (2) to select and optimize the appropriate layout of LID in a planning scenario for reducing the growth of runoff and pollutants under LUCC, (3) to assess the optimal planning schemes for land use/cover. The results showed that compared to 2013, the runoff volume, peak flow and pollution load of suspended solids (SS), and chemical oxygen demand increased by 35.1%, 33.6% and 248.5%, and 54.5% respectively in a traditional planning scenario. The assessment result of optimal planning of land use showed that annual rainfall control of land use for an optimal planning scenario with LID technology was 65%, and SS pollutant load reduction efficiency 65.6%.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Optimization of Low Impact Development Designs for Sustainable Stormwater Management in a Changing Climate

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Yasir Abduljaleel ◽  
Yonas Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Stormwater System

The increasing intensity and frequency of extreme storms pose a growing challenge to stormwater management in highly urbanized areas. Without an adequate and appropriate stormwater system, the storms and associated floods will continue to cause significant damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Low Impact Development (LID) has become an emerging alternative to the traditional stormwater system for stormwater management. This study evaluates and optimizes applications of different combinations of LIDs to minimize flows from a catchment under past and future storm conditions. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), forced by observed and downscaled precipitation from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), was used to simulate the runoff and apply the LIDs in the Renton City, WA. The final results show that the performance of LIDs in reducing total runoff volume varies with the types and combinations of LIDs utilized. A 30% to 75% runoff reduction was achieved for the past and future 50 year and 100 year storms. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of LID combinations with conventional stormwater systems to manage the future runoff in the study area, which is expected to increase by 26.3% in 2050.

scholarly journals Comparing simulations of green roof hydrological processes by SWMM and HYDRUS-1D

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xie Haowen ◽  
Wu Yawen ◽  
Wang Luping ◽  
Luo Weilin ◽  
Zhou Wenqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Swmm Model ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract Green roofs are a sustainable, low-impact development technique. They can reduce peak stormwater runoff and runoff volume and improve the quality of runoff from individual buildings and developments, which can lower the risk of frequent urban flooding and improve the quality of receiving waters. Few studies have compared different types of green roof models under the same rainfall intensities; thus, in this study, the predictions of a non-linear storage reservoirs model, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and a physical process model (HYDRUS-1D) were discussed. Both models were compared against measured data obtained from a series of laboratory experiments, designed to represent different storm categories and rainfall events. It was concluded that the total runoff of the SWMM model is always less than that of HYDRUS-1D. The maximum flowrate of the SWMM model is more than that of HYDRUS-1D during all events.

Introduction of innovative stormwater techniques within a distributed hydrological model and the influence on the urban catchment behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rodriguez ◽  
F. Morena ◽  
H. Andrieu ◽  
G. Raimbault
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Direct Infiltration ◽  
Flat Roofs

This study presents the implementation of innovative stormwater techniques into a distributed hydrological model. This model, is able to represent hydrological processes usually neglected in urban modelling, such as evapotranspiration, infiltration in roads, or direct infiltration of soil water in sewers. The introduction of innovative stormwater techniques such as flat roofs, permeable reservoir pavements or tree plantation can be easily performed in this very modular model. A small urban catchment in Nantes (France) is taken as case study to analyse the influence of these innovative techniques on the hydrological catchment behaviour. The influence of innovative stormwater techniques on the distribution of runoff sources in the catchment, and on total runoff, varies between scenarios. The biggest runoff reduction is delivered by widespread application of flat roofs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Runoff According to Application of SWMM-LID Element Technology (I): Parameter Sensitivity Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Eung Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Given

An increase in the ratio of impermeable area due to urban watersheds and industrial development has led to an increase in nonpoint source pollution and floodplains. In order to solve these problems, development and application of low impact development (LID), which is a rainwater management facility, is actively underway. In this study (I), parameters and ranges applied to the Storm Water Management Model-Low Impact Development (SWMM-LID) model are examined. To this end, 100 scenarios were created through the simulation method within the parameter range, and the sensitivity of peak and total runoff to the influence of the parameters of each element technology dealing with runoff was analyzed. As a result, bio retention cell, green roof, rain garden, rain barrell, in the given order, showed a sensitive response. However, since the LID element technology itself is intended to store low-frequency small-scale rainfall, it is important to understand the degree of rainfall, from low to high frequency. Further, the results of this study can be used as basic data for the design and development of LID element technology and performance verification of LID facilities.

Cost and benefit analysis of Low Impact Development (LID) for stormwater management in an urban catchment in Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Norwegian Research Council

<p><span>There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years, due to the growth of cities and the increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events. Hydrological modeling is a useful tool to understand urban floods and compare different stormwater management solutions. In this study, we use the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in an urban catchment, Grefsen in Norway, to analyze the effects of different Low Impact Development (LID) methods to reduce combined sewer overflow (CSO). Additionally, we examine the cost of these solutions and find an optimized solution in terms of maximum effects and minimum cost. The results are useful for decision-makers to achieve sustainable stormwater management. </span></p><p><span> </span></p><p>Acknowledgement<span>:</span></p><p><span>This research is funded by the Norwegian Research Council via the project New Water Ways.</span></p>

Diffuse pollution monitoring and modelling of small urban watershed in Brazil Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1912-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Tsuji ◽  
M. E. L. Costa ◽  
S. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Urban Watershed ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract The stormwater runoff carries different pollutants that can reduce the quality of receiving waters due to diffuse pollutant loads. This research was aimed at evaluating the concentration of pollutants in stormwater and the application of SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) to an urban catchment in Lake Paranoá watershed to carry out the simulation of flow discharge with the hydraulic model, and subsequently to estimate the loads conveyed to the lake in ordinary events of precipitation. This study was carried out based on rainfall and runoff monitoring during events. It was confirmed that this model's results fit well in simulation of this type of watershed, leading to high value of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient after calibration but, as expected, precipitation distribution is a very important factor for calibration. Concerning water quality, it was observed that the event mean concentration values of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand were high, indicating that the diffuse pollution is an important source of pollution of the receiving waters. The monitoring and modelling of stormwater are essential to identify diffuse pollution discharge, in searching for a sustainable solution.

Modelling Stormwater Quality of an Arid Urban Catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Hussein ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
K.N. Basim ◽  
Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Stormwater Pollution ◽  
Very High

Understanding quality of stormwater is important for effective urban rainwater treatment planning and management. In this study, the quality of stormwater runoff from an arid urban residential catchment located in the Karbala city of Iraq, draining through stormwater sewers was investigated. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to estimate the concentrations of pollutants in stormwater and wastewater in the sewer networks. The results showed that the concentrations of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) increased significantly after rain in the study area. The increase of TSS was very high compared to the BOD5. It is expected that the long-term simulations of stormwater pollution loading will help to compare the benefits of different scenarios of the sewage treatment plan for the reduction of the pollution in the storm discharge area.

scholarly journals Effectiveness assessment of urban waterlogging mitigation for low impact development in semi-mountainous regions under different storm conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xiaoran Fu ◽  
Qinghua Luan ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Status

Abstract To assess the urban waterlogging mitigation effectiveness on low impact development (LID) in semi-mountainous regions, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a semi-mountainous region combined with GIS was generalized. The SWMM was calibrated and validated through maximum seeper depth of the checkpoints, and various LID scenarios have been designed according to local conditions. The discharge processes of outlets, surface runoff, peak flow and peak time were analyzed in different scenarios. The results show that: all the flow processes of outlets in the LID scenario are gentler than that in the status quo scenario, and the effectiveness of LIDs in semi-mountainous regions are different from that in plain regions because of the slope influence; in semi-mountainous regions, the LID effectiveness on surface runoff reduction decreases with the increase in rainfall return period or the extension of rainfall duration, but remains almost unchanged with the increase in rainfall peak coefficient; the LID effectiveness on control peak flow reduction is not remarkable with the change in rainfall characteristics, and the LID effectiveness on peak time delay is poor. This research can provide decision support for regional small-scale measures of urban waterlogging mitigation and reduction in semi-mountainous regions.

scholarly journals Modelling the relationship between LID practices and the runoff of rainwater through the example of rainfall data for Krakow

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Urban Catchments

The progressing process of urbanization causes areas that were once previously green to turn into areas with a high rate of runoff. For this reason, all activities aimed at the alternative management of rainwater in the city are extremely important. The aim of the work is to compare the share of rainwater management in urban catchments to various alternative forms of management of these waters (including rain gardens and green roofs). The paper compares the outflows from the sample catchment with different runoff coefficients and after the implementation of various Low Impact Development (LID) practices to the catchment. The calculations were carried out using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) program version 5.1.012 with LID controls developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The rainfall data used to carry out the simulation was derived over the last three years from the meteorological station in Krakow.

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