scholarly journals Effectiveness assessment of urban waterlogging mitigation for low impact development in semi-mountainous regions under different storm conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xiaoran Fu ◽  
Qinghua Luan ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Status

Abstract To assess the urban waterlogging mitigation effectiveness on low impact development (LID) in semi-mountainous regions, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a semi-mountainous region combined with GIS was generalized. The SWMM was calibrated and validated through maximum seeper depth of the checkpoints, and various LID scenarios have been designed according to local conditions. The discharge processes of outlets, surface runoff, peak flow and peak time were analyzed in different scenarios. The results show that: all the flow processes of outlets in the LID scenario are gentler than that in the status quo scenario, and the effectiveness of LIDs in semi-mountainous regions are different from that in plain regions because of the slope influence; in semi-mountainous regions, the LID effectiveness on surface runoff reduction decreases with the increase in rainfall return period or the extension of rainfall duration, but remains almost unchanged with the increase in rainfall peak coefficient; the LID effectiveness on control peak flow reduction is not remarkable with the change in rainfall characteristics, and the LID effectiveness on peak time delay is poor. This research can provide decision support for regional small-scale measures of urban waterlogging mitigation and reduction in semi-mountainous regions.

Large-Scale Application of Biofiltration Swale Runoff Management Practices

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Hydrologic Responses

Retaining rainfall where it lands is a fundamental benefit of Low Impact Development (LID). The Delaware Urban Runoff Management Model (DURMM) was developed to address the benefits of LID design. DURMM explicitly addresses the benefits of impervious area disconnection as well as swale flow routing that responds to flow retardance changes. Biofiltration swales are an effective LID BMP for treating urban runoff. By adding check dams, the detention storage provided can also reduce peak rates. This presentation explores how the DURMM runoff reduction approach can be integrated with detention routing procedures to project runoff volume and peak flow reductions provided by BMP facilities. This approach has been applied to a 1,200 unit project on 360 hectares located in Delaware, USA. Over 5 km of biofiltration swales have been designed, many of which have stone check dams placed every 30 to 35 meters to provide detention storage. The engineering involved in the design of such facilities uses hydrologic modeling based upon TR-20 routines, as adapted by the DURMM model. The hydraulic approach includes routing of flows through the check dams. This presentation summarizes the hydrological network, presents the hydrologic responses, along with selected hydrographs to demonstrate the potential of design approach.

scholarly journals Highly Resolved Rainfall-Runoff Simulation of Retrofitted Green Stormwater Infrastructure at the Micro-Watershed Scale

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Towsif Khan ◽  
Fernando Chapa ◽  
Jochen Hack
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Green Stormwater Infrastructure

Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), a sustainable engineering design approach for managing urban stormwater runoff, has long been recommended as an alternative to conventional conveyance-based stormwater management strategies to mitigate the adverse impact of sprawling urbanization. Hydrological and hydraulic simulations of small-scale GSI measures in densely urbanized micro watersheds require high-resolution spatial databases of urban land use, stormwater structures, and topography. This study presents a highly resolved Storm Water Management Model developed under considerable spatial data constraints. It evaluates the cumulative effect of the implementation of dispersed, retrofitted, small-scale GSI measures in a heavily urbanized micro watershed of Costa Rica. Our methodology includes a high-resolution digital elevation model based on Google Earth information, the accuracy of which was sufficient to determine flow patterns and slopes, as well as to approximate the underground stormwater structures. The model produced satisfactory results in event-based calibration and validation, which ensured the reliability of the data collection procedure. Simulating the implementation of GSI shows that dispersed, retrofitted, small-scale measures could significantly reduce impermeable surface runoff (peak runoff reduction up to 40%) during frequent, less intense storm events and delay peak surface runoff by 5–10 min. The presented approach can benefit stormwater practitioners and modelers conducting small scale hydrological simulation under spatial data constraint.

scholarly journals Hydrologic-environmental effects of sponge city under different spatial scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiake Li ◽  
Cong Mu ◽  
Chenning Deng ◽  
Menghua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Abstract The storm water management models were established at three spatial scales (large, medium, and small) based on a sponge city pilot area in China to explore the hydrological and environmental effects of rainfall conditions and development modes. Results showed the following. (1) Total runoff reduction rates increased from 26.7% to 53.9% for the rainfall event of a 2-year recurrence period as the scale increased. For 5-year and above recurrence periods, total runoff reduction rates were 19.5–49.4%. These rates increased from the small to medium scale and slightly decreased from the medium to large scale. (2) The runoff coefficients were 0.87–0.29, which decreased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale. (3) The peak flow reduction rates decreased with increased recurrence periods. The rates increased initially and then decreased at the small scale, whereas the opposite trend occurred at the medium scale. (4) The reduction rates of pollutants were negatively correlated with recurrence periods under the three spatial scales. The pollution load reduction rates were 19.5–54.7%, which increased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale.

scholarly journals Modeling the quality of sewage during the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the sanitary sewer system using SWMM: a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassan Mohammed ◽  
Haider M. Zwain ◽  
Waqed Hammed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Sanitary Sewer

Abstract This paper describes the application of the storm water management model (SWMM) for predicting the sewage quality in the sanitary sewer system of the study area resulting from the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the system during rainfall events at different return periods. The concentrations of major pollutants were assessed in the sanitary sewer system at different rainfall intensities. Then, a solution to mitigate the problem was proposed using low impact development (LID) technology. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that maximum build-up possible was the most sensitive parameter for model calibration. The model was calibrated using actual rainfall events, and statistical validation coefficients of R (0.81–0.82) and NMSE (0.0173–0.022) proved that the model is valid. The sewage quality assessment results showed that pollutants concentration increased to its maximum level at 20 min and gradually decreased to a slightly constant minimum value after 2 h. The proposed solution of LID reduced the pollutants concentrations by 82–88, 75–77, 52–55, and 7–10% for all pollutants at return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, respectively. To conclude, SWMM simulation successfully predicted the concentration of the pollutants, and leaking of stormwater surface runoff has changed the sewage quality.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Movahedinia ◽  
Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani ◽  
Fakhreddin Barakhasi ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Raffi Stepanian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model

Abstract Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.

scholarly journals Storm Water Management of Low Impact Development in Urban Areas Based on SWMM

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Bai ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Ruoyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaofan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Storage Facilities

LID (low impact development) is the storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which can be used to solve urban flooding disasters. Taking Sucheng District of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China as an example, this project used SWMM (storm water management model) to study the effect of four different types of LID scenarios (① no LID technique, ② LID technique based on infiltration, ③ LID technique based on water storage, ④ LID technique based on the combination of infiltration and water storage) on urban flooding under different rainfall patterns. For the whole study area, the results show that infiltration facilities have the greater reduction rate of surface runoff compared with storage facilities. The combined model (infiltration + storage) works best in the reduction of peak flow and flood volume, with the maximum reduction rate of peak flow (32.5%), and the maximum reduction rate of flood volume (31.8%). For local nodes, infiltration facilities and water storage facilities have different effects. Infiltration facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 47, the reduction rate of ponding time ranges from 73.1% to 54.5%, while water storage facilities have no effects on it. Storage facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 52, the reduction rate of ponding time is 100%, while infiltration facilities have no effects on it. Under all the LID designs, runoff reduction gradually increases with the increasing rainfall amount, and peak reduction becomes stable when rainfall amount reaches about 81.8 mm. In general, the combined model (infiltration + storage) performs better than any other scenarios in runoff reduction. The research shows that LID facilities can greatly mitigate flood, thus the urban flooding disasters caused by extreme rainstorms can be prevented.

scholarly journals Analysis of Runoff According to Application of SWMM-LID Element Technology (I): Parameter Sensitivity Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Eung Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Given

An increase in the ratio of impermeable area due to urban watersheds and industrial development has led to an increase in nonpoint source pollution and floodplains. In order to solve these problems, development and application of low impact development (LID), which is a rainwater management facility, is actively underway. In this study (I), parameters and ranges applied to the Storm Water Management Model-Low Impact Development (SWMM-LID) model are examined. To this end, 100 scenarios were created through the simulation method within the parameter range, and the sensitivity of peak and total runoff to the influence of the parameters of each element technology dealing with runoff was analyzed. As a result, bio retention cell, green roof, rain garden, rain barrell, in the given order, showed a sensitive response. However, since the LID element technology itself is intended to store low-frequency small-scale rainfall, it is important to understand the degree of rainfall, from low to high frequency. Further, the results of this study can be used as basic data for the design and development of LID element technology and performance verification of LID facilities.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) ON SURFACE RUNOFF AND TSS IN A CALIBRATED HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 091-096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezar Gülbaz ◽  
Cevza Melek Kazezyilmaz-Alhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Peak Flow Rate

The land development and increase in urbanization in a watershed affect water quantity and water quality. On one hand, urbanization provokes the adjustment of geomorphic structure of the streams, ultimately raises peak flow rate which causes flood; on the other hand, it diminishes water quality which results in an increase in Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Consequently, sediment accumulation in downstream of urban areas is observed which is not preferred for longer life of dams. In order to overcome the sediment accumulation problem in dams, the amount of TSS in streams and in watersheds should be taken under control. Low Impact Development (LID) is a Best Management Practice (BMP) which may be used for this purpose. It is a land planning and engineering design method which is applied in managing storm water runoff in order to reduce flooding as well as simultaneously improve water quality. LID includes techniques to predict suspended solid loads in surface runoff generated over impervious urban surfaces. In this study, the impact of LID-BMPs on surface runoff and TSS is investigated by employing a calibrated hydrodynamic model for Sazlıdere Watershed which is located in Istanbul, Turkey. For this purpose, a calibrated hydrodynamic model was developed by using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). For model calibration and validation, we set up a rain gauge and a flow meter into the field and obtain rainfall and flow rate data. And then, we select several LID types such as retention basins, vegetative swales and permeable pavement and we obtain their influence on peak flow rate and pollutant buildup and washoff for TSS. Consequently, we observe the possible effects of LID on surface runoff and TSS in Sazlıdere Watershed.

scholarly journals LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT MODELING TO MANAGE URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF: CASE STUDY OF GORZÓW WIELKOPOLSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Nowogoński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

Uncontrolled urbanization causes local flooding and deterioration of the water quality of receivers as a result of an increase in peak flow rate and increased washing out of contaminants from the catchment area. Currently, classic storage tanks are most often used. An alternative solution may be the use of Low Impact Development (LID), i.e. the preservation and restoration of natural landscape elements, minimizing the imperviousness of the catchment in the form of rain barrels, permeable walkways or bio-retention reservoirs. The comparison of both techniques was carried out using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The influence of several solutions on a selected urbanized catchment located in Gorzów Wielkopolski was tested.

scholarly journals On the sensitivity of geospatial low impact development locations to the centralized sewer network

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Zischg ◽  
Peter Zeisl ◽  
Daniel Winkler ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Hydraulic Network ◽  
Pollution Removal

Abstract In the future, infrastructure systems will have to become smarter, more sustainable, and more resilient requiring new methods of urban infrastructure design. In the field of urban drainage, green infrastructure is a promising design concept with proven benefits to runoff reduction, stormwater retention, pollution removal, and/or the creation of attractive living spaces. Such ‘near-nature’ concepts are usually distributed over the catchment area in small scale units. In many cases, these above-ground structures interact with the existing underground pipe infrastructure, resulting in hybrid solutions. In this work, we investigate the effect of different placement strategies for low impact development (LID) structures on hydraulic network performance of existing drainage networks. Based on a sensitivity analysis, geo-referenced maps are created which identify the most effective LID positions within the city framework (e.g. to improve network resilience). The methodology is applied to a case study to test the effectiveness of the approach and compare different placement strategies. The results show that with a simple targeted LID placement strategy, the flood performance is improved by an additional 34% as compared to a random placement strategy. The developed map is easy to communicate and can be rapidly applied by decision makers when deciding on stormwater policies.

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