scholarly journals Understanding the Tourists’ Perspective of Sustainability in Cultural Tourist Destinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8846
Author(s):  
Begüm Aydın ◽  
Maria D. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Definition Of

Considering the tourists’ viewpoint when creating a sustainable destination is crucial since marketing may be the driving force behind many sustainability initiatives. However, most of the literature has followed a supply-based perspective, ignoring the way that tourists view sustainability attributes. Therefore, this research attempts to address this gap in the literature by analyzing tourists’ perceptions concerning sustainability attributes in tourist destinations. This research aims to determine which of these traits are seen as most important by the tourists and to ascertain their willingness to pay for these aspects. The study is quantitative, based on an online questionnaire administered to Turkish cultural tourists. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to obtain insights into how tourists consider sustainability aspects in tourist destinations. Thus, this research concludes that tourists view sustainability from a more varied perspective than that embraced by the classic definition of the concept, which comprises economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. The findings of the study also determine that tourists favor sustainability attributes that are instrumental in enhancing their own tourist experiences. This information may be useful for destinations, providing guidance about how to market sustainable tourist destinations and encourage responsible tourism choices.

The Privacy Paradox in the Big Data Era? No Thanks, We Are the E-People

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Privacy Paradox ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this work is to propose a new perspective in understanding the phenomenon of online behaviors, termed the privacy paradox, i.e., worry on preserving personal data and contents, but a little attention to disclose them, and thus introducing the new definition of e-people. The provocative hypothesis of this study regards the internet users who, in the Big Data era, are affected by a common covariation of being e-popular/e-visible, e-narcissist, e-(socially)-accepted, e-remembered. These e-behaviors will be conceptually gathered under the term of Achilles' paradigm. A structured web-questionnaire was submitted to a convenience sample of 198 internet users. First and second-order confirmatory factor analyses together with latent means models concretely supported the existence of the Achilles' paradigm and its impact on the privacy paradox concerns. As a result, the privacy paradox is not an effective paradox anymore: self-disclosing privacy online seems to be a well-accepted behavior.

Role-based engagement: scale development and validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Young ◽  
Lisa A. Steelman ◽  
Matthew D. Pita ◽  
James Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Engagement Scale

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to build on personal engagement and role theory to develop a conceptual definition of engagement to different organizational roles (job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers) and create and validate the Role-Based Engagement Scale (RBES). Data were collected from four samples (n = 1,302) of employees, including three from multiple organizations and one from an aircraft manufacturer. Results across three studies consistently support the four dimension structure of the RBES, its internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The RBES is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures engagement to job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers. This instrument will provide more targeted information for human resource management (HRM) professionals tasked with developing training methods and processes to improve low-scoring dimensions of engagement, optimizing HRM interventions.

Development and Validation of a Scale of Negative Attitudes Toward COVID-19 With a Sample of People With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. JARC-D-20-00042
Author(s):  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Antonio Reyes ◽  
Bilal Urkmez ◽  
Gul Ergun ◽  
Yazmin Castruita Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Health anxiety will increase as a result of COVID-19. Many people who feel vulnerable, including individuals with disabilities and chronic illnesses, may be more susceptible to stigmatize individuals who have an infection. Researchers in this study aimed to develop a measure of negative attitudes toward COVID-19 among people with disabilities and chronic illnesses to better understand how stigmatization, which can cause negative outcomes, plays a role in individuals with disabilities' response to COVID-19. The study was conducted with 269 participants with any disability or chronic illness in which all completed the online questionnaire. To examine the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Negative Attitudes Scale (COVID-19 NAS), an exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analysis, and correlation were conducted. In addition, concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with participants' stress related to COVID-19, depression and anxiety, and resilience. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that COVID-19 NAS is a unidimensional scale. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one dimensionality of the scale. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 NAS could be a valuable tool in assessing negative attitudes toward COVID-19 for people with chronic conditions and disabilities.

Inconspicuous Consumption Scale - development and validation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Płudowska ◽  
Rafał Piotr Bartczuk ◽  
Barbara Cichy-Jasiocha ◽  
Andrzej E. Sękowski
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Validity Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Selection Of

We propose a new definition of inconspicuous consumption (IC) as an individual disposition and present an instrument for measuring this variable. The article describes the successive stages of the construction of the Inconspicuous Consumption Scale (ICS). The results of a preliminary selection of items and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have led to the development of an instrument which measures four factors that make up the global ICS: Knowledge, Services, Experiences, and Subtle Brand Signals. Reliability and validity studies carried out in a sample of 1,330 respondents show that the ICS has satisfactory psychometric properties.

Measuring the Character Strength of Wisdom

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Dean Webster
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Definition Of

This study examined the psychosocial correlates and psychometric properties of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) (Webster, 2003a). Seventy-three men and 98 women ranging in age from 17–92 years (Mean age = 42.77) completed an expanded, 40-item version of the SAWS, the Loyola Generativity Scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. A new definition of wisdom is provided which is operationalized with the SAWS. Results indicated that the SAWS has excellent reliability (test-retest = .838; Cronbach's Alpha = .904). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses confirmed the five hypothesized dimensions of wisdom and the total SAWS score correlated in predicted directions with generativity ( r(169) = .448; p < .01) and attachment avoidance ( r(169) = –.239, p < .01) demonstrating construct validity.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

Mindfulness or Mindlessness?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkmar Höfling ◽  
Helfried Moosbrugger ◽  
Karin Schermelleh-Engel ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Wording ◽  
Method Effects

The 15 items of the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003 ) are negatively worded and assumed to assess mindfulness. However, there are indications of differences between the original MAAS and a version with the positively rephrased MAAS items (“mirror items”). The present study examines whether the mindfulness facet “mindful attention and awareness” (MAA) can be measured with both positively and negatively worded items if we take method effects due to item wording into account. To this end, the 15 negatively worded items of the MAAS and additionally 13 positively rephrased items were assessed (N = 602). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) models with and without regard to method effects were carried out and evaluated by means of model fit. As a result, the positively and negatively worded items should be seen as different methods that influence the construct validity of mindfulness. Furthermore, a modified version of the MAAS (MAAS-Short) with five negatively worded items (taken from the MAAS) and five positively worded items (“mirror items”) was introduced as an alternative to assess MAA. The MAAS-Short appears superior to the original MAAS. The results and the limitations of the present study are discussed.

Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Parental Stress Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Piskernik ◽  
Barbara Supper ◽  
Lieselotte Ahnert
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
Parent Domain ◽  
Structural Levels

Abstract. While parenting research continues to compare similarities and differences in mothers’ and fathers’ behaviors based on mean values on the respective dimensions, measurement invariance as a prerequisite for these comparisons has seldom been assured. The present study thus subjected the well-known Parenting Stress Index (PSI), widely used in models of family functioning, to a rigorous measurement invariance analysis based on ( N = 214) Austrian couples with children younger than 3 years of age. We evaluated configural, metric, scalar, and uniqueness invariance on item and subscale levels, and tested for structural invariance of means and variances of the PSI parent and child domain by second-order confirmatory factor analyses. As a result, only measurement differences on the scalar levels affected the factor scores, though negligibly. On the structural levels, no differences were found on the PSI child domain across parents, but on the PSI parent domain, mothers reported more stress.

French Adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Catale ◽  
Caroline Lejeune ◽  
Sarah Merbah ◽  
Thierry Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Rating Instrument ◽  
Functioning Inventory ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) recently developed the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI), a new rating instrument for executive functioning in day-to-day life which can be divided into four subscales: working memory, planning, inhibition, and regulation. Using an exploratory factor analysis on data from young Swedish children attending kindergarten, Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) found a two-factor solution that taps working memory and inhibition. In the present study, we explored the psychometric characteristics of the French adaptation of the CHEXI. A group of 95 parents of 5- and 6-year-old children completed the CHEXI, 87 of whom were given clinical inhibition and working memory tasks. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor solution based on inhibition and working memory that was identified in the original study of Swedish children. Supplementary results indicated good internal and test-retest reliability for the entire scale, as well as for the two subscales identified. Correlation analyses showed no relationship between cognitive measures and the CHEXI subscales. Possible clinical applications for the CHEXI scales are discussed.

Assessing Self-Efficacy in Presentation and Moderation Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ringeisen ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Anika Bürgermeister ◽  
Ana N. Tibubos
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
University Course ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. By means of two studies, a self-report measure to assess self-efficacy in presentation and moderation skills, the SEPM scales, was validated. In study 1, factorial and construct validity were examined. A sample of 744 university students (41% females; more than 50% between 20 and 25 years) completed newly constructed self-efficacy items. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) substantiated two positively correlated factors, presentation (SEPM-P) and moderation self-efficacy (SEPM-M). Each factor consists of eight items. The correlation patterns between the two SEPM subscales and related constructs such as extraversion, the preference for cooperative learning, and conflict management indicated adequate construct validity. In study 2, criterion validity was determined by means of latent change modeling. One hundred sixty students ( Mage = 24.40, SD = 4.04; 61% females) took part in a university course to foster key competences and completed the SEPM scales at the beginning and the end of the semester. Presentation and moderation self-efficacy increased significantly over time of which the latter was positively associated with the performance in a practical moderation exam. Across both studies, reliability of the scales was high, ranging from McDonald’s ω .80 to .88.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document