Effects ofPinus sylvestrisroot growth and mycorrhizosphere development on bacterial carbon source utilization and hydrocarbon oxidation in forest and petroleum-contaminated soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Kirsten S Jørgensen ◽  
Kielo Haahtela ◽  
Robin Sen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Forest Humus

The hypothesis that Pinus sylvestris L. root and mycorrhizosphere development positively influences bacterial community-linked carbon source utilization, and drives a concomitant reduction in mineral oil levels in a petroleum hydrocarbon- (PHC-) contaminated soil was confirmed in a forest ecosystem-based phytoremediation simulation. Seedlings were grown for 9 months in large petri dish microcosms containing either forest humus or humus amended with cores of PHC-contaminated soil. Except for increased root biomass in the humus/PHC treatment, there were no other significant treatment-related differences in plant growth and needle C and N status. Total cell and culturable bacterial (CFU) densities significantly increased in both rhizospheres and mycorrhizospheres that actively developed in the humus and PHC-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizospheres (mycorrhizas and extramatrical mycelium) supported the highest numbers of bacteria. Multivariate analyses of bacterial community carbon source utilization profiles (Biolog GN microplate) from different rhizosphere, mycorrhizosphere, and bulk soil compartments, involving principal component and correspondence analysis, highlighted three main niche-related groupings. The respective clusters identified contained bacterial communities from (i) unplanted bulk soils, (ii) planted bulk PHC and rhizospheres in PHC-contaminated soils, and (iii) planted bulk humus and rhizosphere/mycorrhizosphere-influenced humus, and mycorrhizosphere-influenced PHC contaminated soil. Correspondence analysis allowed further identification of amino acid preferences and increased carboxylic/organic acid preferences in rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere compartments. Decreased levels of mineral oil (non-polar hydrocarbons) were detected in the PHC-contaminated soil colonized by pine roots and mycorrhizal fungi. These data further support our view that mycorrhizosphere development and function plays a central role in controlling associated bacterial communities and their degradative activities in lignin-rich forest humus and PHC-contaminated soils.Key words: Scots pine, mycorrhizosphere, bacterial community, Biolog, carbon source utilization, non-polar hydrocarbons, phytoremediation.

Bacterial community structure at defined locations ofPinus sylvestris-Suillus bovinusandPinus sylvestris-Paxillus involutusmycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest humus and nursery peat

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Timonen ◽  
Kirsten S Jørgensen ◽  
Kielo Haahtela ◽  
Robin Sen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Suillus Bovinus ◽  
Forest Humus

Bacteria were isolated and characterized from uncolonized soil, nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal short roots, and soil-colonizing external mycelium from intact Pinus sylvestris - Suillus bovinus and Pinus sylvestris - Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in microcosms containing dry pine forest humus or nursery peat. Total numbers of colony-forming units (CFU/mg dry weight) in the different locations from all ectomycorrhizospheres indicated an overall bacterial-enrichment gradient towards the roots, whereas sporeformers were more evenly distributed. Fluorescent pseudomonads were commonly isolated from all mycorrhizosphere locations in nursery peat, but they were nearly absent from the forest humus community. In contrast, sporeformers were more abundant at all locations in the latter growth substrate. The bacterial species composition of forest and nursery mycorrhizospheres was clearly divergent when characterized according to their carbon source utilization patterns in Biolog®GN or GP microplates. Factorial-designed ANOVA of a principal component analysis of the carbon source utilization data showed significant differences between isolates from the two soil types and, to a lesser extent, between S. bovinus and Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres. Bacterial communities from mycorrhizospheres and uncolonized soil were distinguished by their preferential utilization of carbohydrates and organic and amino acids, respectively. Suillus bovinus associated bacteria appeared to favour mannitol and Paxillus involutus associated bacteria appeared to favour fructose as carbon sources. This study demonstrates the combined effect of soil type, fungal symbiont, and precise location on bacterial communities associated with Pinus sylvestris ectomycorrhizospheres.Key words: Biolog, carbon source utilization, ectomycorrhiza, Scots pine, soil bacteria.

Effects of inoculation with organic-phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria on soybean (Glycine max) growth and indigenous bacterial community diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xun Qian ◽  
Jie Gu ◽  
Xiao-Juan Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Three different organic-phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria (OPMB) strains were inoculated to soil planted with soybean (Glycine max), and their effects on soybean growth and indigenous bacterial community diversity were investigated. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens Z4-1 and Brevibacillus agri L7-1 increased organic phosphorus degradation by 22% and 30%, respectively, compared with the control at the mature stage. Strains P. fluorescens Z4-1 and B. agri L7-1 significantly improved the soil alkaline phosphatase activity, average well color development, and the soybean root activity. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis demonstrated that P. fluorescens Z4-1 and B. agri L7-1 could persist in the soil at relative abundances of 2.0%–6.4% throughout soybean growth. Thus, P. fluorescens Z4-1 and B. agri L7-1 could potentially be used in organic-phosphorus-mineralizing biofertilizers. OPMB inoculation altered the genetic structure of the soil bacterial communities but had no apparent influence on the carbon source utilization profiles of the soil bacterial communities. Principal components analysis showed that the changes in the carbon source utilization profiles of bacterial community depended mainly on the plant growth stages rather than inoculation with OPMB. The results help to understand the evolution of the soil bacterial community after OPMB inoculation.

scholarly journals Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils from the Dagang Oilfield, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueke Feng ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jia ◽  
Wenyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Different Depths

AbstractDiversity in bacterial communities was investigated along a petroleum hydrocarbon content gradient (0–0.4043 g/g) in surface (5–10 cm) and subsurface (35–40 cm) petroleum-contaminated soil samples from the Dagang Oilfield, China. Using 16S rRNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and several statistical methods, the bacterial diversity of the soil was studied. Subsequently, the environmental parameters were measured to analyze its relationship with the community variation. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities indicated a significant difference in the structure of the bacterial community between the nonpetroleum-contaminated surface and subsurface soils, but no differences were observed in different depths of petroleum-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, many significant correlations were obtained between diversity in soil bacterial community and physicochemical properties. Total petroleum hydrocarbon, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen were the three important factors that had the greatest impacts on the bacterial community distribution in the long-term petroleum-contaminated soils. Our research has provided references for the bacterial community distribution along a petroleum gradient in both surface and subsurface petroleum-contaminated soils of oilfield areas.

Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of Fe correction in the soil for ameliorating grapevine performance in a copper-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Nogales ◽  
Erika S. Santos ◽  
Gonçalo Victorino ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Maria Manuela Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

<p>Copper-based fungicides are commonly applied in vineyards to control fungal diseases that can severely affect grapevine productivity. Continuous application of this type of fungicides contributes to Cu accumulation in surface horizons of the soil, which can generate toxicity problems in plants, regardless of being an essential nutrient. Several strategies have been proposed to immobilize or counteract the effect of soil contaminants, such as plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, depending on the element concentration, this may not be sufficient to avoid its excessive accumulation in belowground and/or aboveground organs. Since Fe is known to have an antagonistic interaction with Cu in plants, Fe application, as an amendment, in vineyard soils, could be a good strategy to avoid excessive Cu uptake by grapevines growing in Cu-contaminated soils. However, little information is available on the combined effects of both strategies.</p><p>In order to reveal the possible beneficial effects of plant mycorrhization and Fe application in Cu-contaminated soils on grapevine growth and nutrition, a mesocosm experiment was established under controlled conditions. Two-year-old plants, previously inoculated or not with two different AMF, were grown in pots filled with 6.5 kg of an Arenosol collected from a wine-growing region. These plants were subjected to three soil treatments: 1) soil contamination with Cu, where the grapevines were watered with a solution containing 5.89 mg/L CuSO<sub>4</sub> to ensure that the soil in each container reached 300 mg Cu/kg; 2) soil contamination with Cu + Fe addition, where the plants were watered with a solution that contained the same amount of CuSO<sub>4</sub> plus 0.38 mg/L of FeNaEDTA·3H<sub>2</sub>O to achieve 100 mg of Fe/kg soil; and 3) non-contaminated soil watered with deionized water. Four months later, at the end of the growing season, plant vegetative growth as well as leaf and root nutrient contents were analyzed.</p><p>Grapevines inoculated with AMF demonstrated a good level of tolerance to high Cu concentrations in soil, as they presented significantly higher root biomass than non-inoculated plants and Cu was mainly accumulated in the roots avoiding its translocation to the aerial part. However, when the Cu-contaminated soil was amended with Fe, a significant decrease was observed in root biomass in all mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and Cu was accumulated in grapevine leaves. Contrastingly, Fe application helped to avoid the excessive increase of Mn concentrations in leaf and roots that is commonly induced in Cu contaminated soils, which can be detrimental for grapevine growth.</p><p>These results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation is a suitable strategy to promote grapevine growth in Cu-contaminated soils. However, special attention needs to be taken when applying amendments to correct Cu contamination, as the mycorrhizal status of plants may alter the expected outcome.</p><p> </p><div> <div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of the Chrysanthemum via Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Substrate Utilization Patterns

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 4950-4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette M. Duineveld ◽  
Alexandre S. Rosado ◽  
Jan Dirk van Elsas ◽  
Johannes A. van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sole Carbon Source Utilization

ABSTRACT In order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of the chrysanthemum, two complementary methods were used: a molecular bacterial community profiling method, i.e., 16S rRNA gene-based PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and an agar plate method in which 11 sole-carbon-source utilization tests were used. The DGGE patterns showed that the bacterial communities as determined from direct rhizosphere DNA extracts were largely stable along developing roots of the chrysanthemum, with very little change over time or between root parts of different ages. The patterns were also similar to those produced with DNA extracts obtained from bulk soil samples. The DGGE patterns obtained by using microbial colonies from dilution plates as the source of target DNA were different from those found with the direct DNA extracts. Moreover, these patterns showed differences among plant replicates but also among replicate plates. Results obtained with the sole-carbon-source utilization tests indicated that the metabolic profile of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the root tip did not change substantially during plant growth. This suggests selective development of specific bacterial populations by the presence of a root tip. On the other hand, the metabolic profile of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the root base changed during plant growth. With eight sole-carbon-source utilization tests, a significant effect of the development stage of the plant on the number of bacteria which were able to grow on these carbon sources was observed.

scholarly journals Removal of Phenol in Batch Culture by Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 Isolated from the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. I. Khan ◽  
A. N. M. Fakhruddin ◽  
S. A. Jame ◽  
M.S. Sultana ◽  
M. K. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Freely Suspended

Phenol widely used in industries, are of growing concern owing to their toxicity and wide distribution in industrial wastes.  The aims of the study were to characterize some of the locally isolated bacteria and to develop suitable methods for the degradation of phenol using them. Locally isolated AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 were identified as Pseudomonas putida using the classical methods. Pseudomonas putida AP11 and AP9 were able to remove 600 ppm phenol completely, but Pseudomonas putida AP6 and AP7 were able to remove 400 ppm phenol completely. The maximum degradation rates for freely suspended culture of Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6, AP7 were 10.83, 10.42, 8.33, and 8.33 (ppm/h) respectively. The isolates AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 can be used to wastewater containing phenol in effluent treatment systems.  Keywords: Aromatic hydrocarbon; Carbon source; Contaminated soil; Phenol; Pseudomonas.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6339                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 367-374 (2011)

scholarly journals Responses of the Anaerobic Bacterial Community to Addition of Organic C in Chromium(VI)- and Iron(III)-Amended Microcosms

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Kourtev ◽  
Cindy H. Nakatsu ◽  
Allan Konopka
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Iron Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Chromium (VI) is toxic to microorganisms and can inhibit the biodegradation of organic pollutants in contaminated soils. We used microcosms amended with either glucose or protein (to drive bacterial community change) and Fe(III) (to stimulate iron-reducing bacteria) to study the effect of various concentrations of Cr(VI) on anaerobic bacterial communities. Microcosms were destructively sampled based on microbial activity (measured as evolution of CO2) and analyzed for the following: (i) dominant bacterial community by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the 16S rRNA gene; (ii) culturable Cr-resistant bacteria; and (iii) enrichment of iron-reducing bacteria of the Geobacteraceae family by real-time PCR. The addition of organic C stimulated the activities of anaerobic communities. Cr(VI) amendment resulted in lower rates of CO2 production in glucose microcosms and a slow mineralization phase in protein-amended microcosms. Glucose and protein amendments selected for different bacterial communities. This selection was modified by the addition of Cr(VI), since some DGGE bands were intensified and new bands appeared in Cr(VI)-amended microcosms. A second dose of Cr(VI), added after the onset of activity, had a strong inhibitory effect when higher levels of Cr were added, indicating that the developing Cr-resistant communities had a relatively low tolerance threshold. Most of the isolated Cr-resistant bacteria were closely related to previously studied Cr-resistant anaerobes, such as Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter species. Geobacteraceae were not enriched during the incubation. The studied Cr(VI)-contaminated soil contained a viable anaerobic bacterial community; however, Cr(VI) altered its composition, which could affect the soil biodegradation potential.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of the bacterial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils from cadmium-polluted wheat fields

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10302
Author(s):  
Li Song ◽  
Zhenzhi Pan ◽  
Yi Dai ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Cadmium Pollution ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Cadmium pollution is becoming a serious problem due to its nondegradability and substantial negative influence on the normal growth of crops, thereby harming human health through the food chain. Rhizospheric bacteria play important roles in crop tolerance. However, there is little experimental evidence which demonstrates how various cadmium concentrations affect the bacterial community in wheat fields including rhizosphere microorganisms and nonrhizosphere (bulk) microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology was used to investigate bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils under different levels of pollution in terms of cadmium concentration. Both the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere microorganism community were higher under nonpolluted soil and very mild and mild cadmium-contaminated soils than compared with bulk soil, with a shift in community profile observed under severe cadmium pollution. Moreover, cadmium at various concentrations had greater influence on bacterial composition than for the nonpolluted site. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman’s analysis elucidated the impact of exchangeable Cd and total Cd on bacterial community abundance and composition. This study suggests that cadmium imposes a distinct effect on bacterial community, both in bulk and rhizosphere soils of wheat fields. This study increases our understanding of how bacterial communities in wheat fields shaped under different concentrations of cadmium.

scholarly journals Enhanced Mutualistic Symbiosis Between Soil Phages and Bacteria With Elevated Chromium-induced Environmental Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Huang ◽  
Pingfeng Yu ◽  
Mao Ye ◽  
Cory Schwarz ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Cr Contamination

Abstract Background: Microbe-virus interactions have broad implications on the composition, function, and evolution of microbiomes. Elucidating effects of environmental stresses on these interactions is critical to identify the ecological function of viral communities and understand microbiome environmental adaptation. Heavy metal-contaminated soils represent a relevant ecosystem to study the interplay between microbes, viruses and environmental stressors.Results: Metagenomic analysis revealed that Cr pollution adversely altered the abundance, diversity and composition of viral and bacterial communities. Host-phage linkage based on CRISPR indicated that, in soils with high Cr contamination, the abundance of phages associated with heavy metal tolerant hosts increased, as did the relative abundance of phages with broad host ranges (identified as host-phage linkages across genera), which would facilitate transfection and broader distribution of resistance genes in the bacterial community. Examining variations along the pollutant gradient, phage-bacteria interactions shifted to a more protective mutualistic relationship in the face of greater environmental stresses. Specifically, the fractions of lysogens in bacterial communities (identified by integrase genes within bacterial genomes and prophage induction assay by mitomycin-C) were positively correlated with Cr contamination levels. Furthermore, viral genomic analysis demonstrated that lysogenic phages under higher Cr-induced stresses carried more auxiliary metabolic genes regulating microbial heavy metal detoxification.Conclusion: With the intensification of Cr-induced environmental stresses, the composition, replication strategy, and ecological function of the phage community all evolve alongside the bacterial community to adapt to extreme habitats. This results in a transformation of the phage-bacteria interaction from parasitism to protective mutualism in extreme environments, and underscores the influential role of phages in bacterial adaptation to pollution-related stress and in related biogeochemical processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document