scholarly journals Relationship between Cadmium Fractions Obtained by Sequential Extraction of Soil and the Soil Properties in Contaminated and Uncontaminated Paddy Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Honma ◽  
Hirotomo Ohba ◽  
Tomoyuki Makino ◽  
Takuji Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Cd

The method for the sequential extraction of cadmium from soil was adapted to investigate the relationship between different chemical forms of cadmium in soils and the soil properties of Cd-contaminated and uncontaminated paddy soils. Air-dried soil samples from each field site were sequentially fractionated into five forms: exchangeable Cd, inorganically bound Cd, organically bound Cd, oxide-occluded fraction, and residual Cd. The average and range of soil properties such as pH, total C, total N, CEC, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, base saturation, available phosphate, particle size distribution, free iron oxide, oxalate extractable Al, and Fe were somewhat similar between uncontaminated and contaminated soils. The average total Cd in uncontaminated and contaminated soils was 0.26 and 0.65 mg kg−1, respectively. The proportions of soil Cd fractions did not differ between the uncontaminated and contaminated soils, although the Cd concentration of several fractions in contaminated soils was statistically higher than those in uncontaminated soils except for residual fraction. The proportion of exchangeable Cd was correlated with the CEC and phosphate absorption coefficient in contaminated soil but not in uncontaminated soil. Thus, soil properties appear to affect the proportions of soil Cd fractions in contaminated soil and should be considered when evaluating soil Cd mobility.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

Spatial and temporal variability in chemical properties of a podzolic B horizon of an old-growth maple forest

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Godbout ◽  
Jean-Louis Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soil Changes

A Podzolic soil from an old-growth maple hardwood forest in eastern Canada was systematically sampled from a 16.5-m-long trench in 1975. In 1986, the upper 10 cm of the B horizon was resampled from two sampling lines located on each side and parallel to the 1975 trench, one at a distance of 1 m downhill and the other at a distance of 4 m uphill. Total N, organic C, pH, and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were measured. The objectives were to evaluate the change in the chemical status of the B horizon from 1975 to 1986 and to characterize the spatial variability of the horizon. No significant change was found in the soil chemical properties tested during this 11-yr period. No significant autocorrelation was observed between soil samples 60 cm apart, except for the downhill sampling line, which was located 1 m from the trench. For most properties, the magnitude of the difference between two soil sampling units was not proportional to the distance separating them over the range of 0.6–4.2 m. Except for pH, a difference in soil properties of more than 30% was observed in 37–56% of sample pairs 60 cm apart. Resampling near (1 m) an old soil pit may not be valid because of possible local modifications of soil properties created by the pit, even when it is filled in. Key words: Podzol, soil variability, acidic deposition, soil changes

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in Curcubita ficifolia Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Conrad K. Enenebeaku ◽  
Chidozie N. Anyanwu ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okorocha ◽  
Uchechi E. Enenebeaku ◽  
Emmanuel Nzediegwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Before And After

In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop,Curcubita ficifoliawas grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And theC. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1respectively. Also,C. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.

scholarly journals Assessment of trace and heavy metal distribution by four sequential extraction procedures in a contaminated soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. He ◽  
Y. Ren ◽  
I. Mohamed ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
W. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedures ◽  
Cu And Zn

Four sequential extraction procedures (Sposito, Tessier, Silveira and Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR)) were used to evaluate the distribution of some metals (Fe, Cu, Cd and Zn) in a contaminated soil around a mining area. The results showed that Fe and Zn were mainly recovered in the recalcitrant soil fractions, while Cd was primarily localized in the exchangeable fraction. Soil Cu was highly associated with organic matter fraction. The amorphous Fe fraction in Silveira could be recognized as part of the Fe-Mn oxide fraction in Tessier and BCR procedures, while the crystalline Fe oxide fraction was classified into the residual fraction in Sposito, BCR and Tessier schemes. Although the same reagent was used to extract target fraction, less carbonate-bound Cu, Cu and Zn were extracted in Tessier procedure as compared to Silveira method, while Tessier scheme yielded a higher proportion of Fe, Cu and Zn in the Fe-Mn oxide fraction than BCR method. Due to the lack of uniformity of experimental conditions and the differences in extraction reagents, the extraction efficiency of metal species varied with the sequential extraction schemes. Therefore, care should be taken when comparing the results obtained by different sequential extraction procedures.

Initial quantitative characterization of soil nutrient regimes. I. Soil properties

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Kabzems ◽  
K. Klinka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Quantitative Classification ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Study Sites

Previous attempts to characterize soil nutrient regimes of forest ecosystems have been qualitative evaluations utilizing vegetation and (or) topographic features, morphological soil properties, and mineralogy of soil parent materials. The objective of this study was to describe and provide initial data for quantitative classification of soil nutrient regimes in some Douglas-fir ecosystems on southern Vancouver Island. A multivariate classification using forest floor plus mineral soil mineralizable N and exchangeable Mg quantities was proposed for the four nutrient regimes (poor, medium, rich, and very rich) recognized in this study. Significant differences in mineralizable and total N existed between the four identified soil nutrient regimes. The previous N fertilization of two study sites did not seem to change soil N status sufficiently to alter the classification. The differences in nutrient availability were more distinct when forest floor and mineral soil properties, expressed on an areal basis, were summed. There were no significant differences in exchangeable Ca and Mg for the poor and medium soil nutrient regimes. The humus form of the forest floor was an important characteristic for identifying soil nutrient regimes in the field; however, the nutrient quantities of the forest floor reflected differences in bulk density and depth and did not effectively distinguish between regimes.

Speciation Distributions and Availability of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni in a Mine Drainage Contaminated Paddy Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 826-831
Author(s):  
De Ren Miao ◽  
Wan Qiu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Pb Contamination ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedures ◽  
High Concentrations

Various depths paddy soils, which collected from nearby one of the abandoned Pb-Zn mines in Lanping County of China, were analyzed, determining the total metal concentration by acid digestion and the chemical speciation of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni by a somewhat modified Tessier’s sequential extraction method. High concentrations of Zn and Pb were found in surface soils indicating that the paddy soils seriously suffered from Zn and Pb contamination. The extraction percentage of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni with modified Tessier’s sequential extraction procedures were at the ranges of 93.15-96.41%, 93.26-96.25%, 91.51-94.75% and 91.28-94.25%, respectively. Extraction efficiencies demonstrated that this sequential extraction approach is suitable to evaluate these metals potential risk among this contaminated site. Extraction results showed that the residual fraction was the predominant fraction for Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni among all tested soils. However, the exchangeable fraction was the lowest among all fractions. Meanwhile, the metals mobility and bioavailability in tested soils were compared and predicted using mobility coefficients and bioavailability coefficients. The mobility coefficients of metals decreased in the order of Cu> Ni> Zn> Pb, and the bioavailability coefficients of metals decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn/Ni.

Sequential extraction procedure for fractionation of Pb and Cr in artificial and contaminated soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Qayyum ◽  
Ibrar Khan ◽  
Yangguo Zhao ◽  
Farhana Maqbool ◽  
Changsheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Fraction Bound

AbstractMetal contamination of soil is due to mining, manufacturing and use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste and industrial or domestic sludge) which is a serious environmental problem. Hence, determining chemical forms of metals in soils is important to evaluate their mobility or bioavailability. Both artificial and contaminated soils were sequentially extracted to fractionate metals into the water soluble fraction (WSF), exchangeable fraction (EF), bound to carbonate fraction, bound to metal oxide fraction, organically bound fraction (OBF) and residual fraction (RF). In the case of contaminated soil, Pb and Cr are found to be associated with the carbonate fraction while in artificial soil, Pb bound to WSF and Cr with the Fe/Mn fraction. Chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and textural classification of concerned soils were also analyzed. Percentage recovery was calculated to check the reliability of processes both in Pb and Cr, and it was found to be more in Cr (66% and 84%) in both artificial and contaminated soil than Pb (5% and 34%) in both soils. Analyses of extracts were carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results were interpreted in terms of environmental mobility or bioavailability of metals.

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