scholarly journals Incidence of a Non-Sustainability Use of Technology on Students’ Reading Performance in Pisa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Vázquez-Cano ◽  
José Gómez-Galán ◽  
Alfonso Infante-Moro ◽  
Eloy López-Meneses
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Variance Explained ◽  
At Home

This article describes an investigation that made a comparative analysis of the influence of the use of technology for non-academic activities on the reading performance of students in 21 countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as measured by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). To do this, we coded the SumIC001-008-010 variables (“Devices available at home” and “How often do you use digital devices for the following activities outside school”) in the PISA survey and quantified the effect by the proportion of variance explained of each variable in the model for each country. The results show that the reading score increases according to the variable for type and quantity of devices at home but falls drastically in all 21 countries when the “SumIC001” variable exceeds 15 points. Our research also found that the two activities that most negatively impacted reading performance if done on a regular basis were “playing online games via social networks” and “uploading your own created contents.” These results would seem to confirm that the non-sustainability and prolonged use of technology outside school is objectively negative for the development of reading competence in young people.

The digital divide at school and at home: A comparison between schools by socioeconomic level across 47 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Josef Kuo-Hsun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
School Level ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Educational Expenditures ◽  
E Learning ◽  
At Home

Despite efforts to improve digital access in schools, a persistent digital divide is identified worldwide. Drawing on data from the 2018 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for 15-year-olds, I examine how students’ digital use for educational purposes (at school and at home) and their perceived digital competence differ between schools by socioeconomic status (SES) and vary across 47 countries. Using multilevel modeling, I find that the second-level digital divide between schools exists even among more developed societies. Students attending high-SES schools are more likely to use computers for schoolwork within and outside of schools, and have more digital competence than those attending low-SES schools. These differences remain substantial and statistically significant even when controlling for school-level resources. Moreover, the between-school digital divide in students’ digital competence is negatively associated with economic development and educational expenditures, and positively associated with income inequality. In conclusion, I discuss implications of the findings and highlight the importance of examining how schools with varying socioeconomic profiles provide different e-learning experiences for individual students, explained by the different institutional settings and cultural features of schools.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Links between Technology, Culture, and Reading Proficiency: A Study of the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Schenck
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between culture, technology, and reading. Reading scores from the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) were obtained from 41 countries and compared to: digital device use in the classroom, method of digital device use in the classroom, and digital device use outside the classroom. Results suggest that either no use or extensive use of technology improves overall reading scores. Cultural characteristics such as assertiveness or low institutional collectivism in some countries appear to mitigate this effect, decreasing the impact of technology on reading. Teacher control of technology had the highest impact on reading performance. Finally, as the use of technology outside the classroom increased, reading proficiency tended to decrease, with the exception of the Anglo cultural group.

Metacognition Explains the Gender Differences in Digital Reading Performance: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Hangyan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Digital Reading ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Data Source

Gender differences in reading have become a heated topic, and a reoccurring pattern of results is that girls outperform boys significantly. As digital reading prevails, the discrepancies in digital reading between girls and boys are also prominent. For the purpose of exploring the reason why boys lag behind in terms of digital reading performance and therefore unveil the underlying mechanism in improving students' digital reading literacy, this study used multilevel mediation analysis to investigate whether students' metacognition, i.e., metacognition of understanding, remembering, summarizing and assessing credibility, explain the gender differences in digital reading performance. This study adopted Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), launched by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as the data source. Results of 12,058 samples from 361 schools in China showed that their better achievement in metacognition significantly mediated girls' excelling performance in digital reading. Pedagogical implementations focusing on metacognition were given to render help for both genders in digital reading performance.

scholarly journals The intergenerational effect of parental enthusiasm for reading

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (84) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
Jose G. Clavel ◽  
Mauro Mediavilla
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Reading For Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to focus on how reading for pleasure is transmitted within the family. Using data taken from the Programme for International Student Assessment test of 2009, which dealt in depth with the reading proficiency of students, the authors show that children of parents who read for pleasure are better readers. Within the extensive research and published results on reading performance, the authors focused on the transmission of parents’ reading attitudes to their children. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors have opted for an approach of “difference in differences”, applied to a population that represents all 15-year-olds from five countries (Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Italy and Portugal). To support this study, the authors chose as a response variable the difference between reading performance and maths performance of each student, taking into account five plausible values for each student. The authors have several explanatory variables, among them what we call the “treatment”, which is the parents’ enthusiasm for reading. Findings The calculated estimations clearly indicate that there is a positive effect for four out of the five countries analysed, ranging from 4 points for Italy to 6.5 points for Germany and Portugal. As for the significance of the effect, with the exception of Hungary, the result is reliable and robust. It should also be noted that the variable that indicates the existence of a reading habit by children (daily reading for pleasure) is seen as a factor that positively affects the difference between competence in reading and mathematics in four out of the five countries analysed. Originality value The results show positive effects on children whose parents read for pleasure, and this fact should be used to further encourage parents to promote their own reading time for pleasure. In view of the already quantified trend in international reports that adults are reading less, it seems crucial to involve educational authorities in reversing this phenomenon, knowing the impact that adult reading habits have on the reading competence of young people.

scholarly journals Browsing the Web for School: Social Inequality in Adolescents’ School-Related Use of the Internet

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824401985995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Weber ◽  
Birgit Becker
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
International Student ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Proportional Odds Models ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
At Home

This article examines whether social inequality exists in European adolescents’ school-related Internet use regarding consuming (browsing) and productive (uploading/sharing) activities. These school-related activities are contrasted with adolescents’ Internet activities for entertainment purposes. Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 is used for the empirical analyses. Results of partial proportional odds models show that students with higher educated parents and more books at home tend to use the Internet more often for school-related tasks than their less privileged counterparts. This pattern is similar for school-related browsing and sharing Internet activities. In contrast to these findings on school-related Internet activities, a negative association between parental education and books at home is found with adolescents’ frequency of using the Internet for entertainment purposes. The implications of digital inequalities for educational inequalities are discussed.

A case of being the same? Australia and New Zealand’s reading in focus

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
Megan C. Chamberlain ◽  
Emma J. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
International Student ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Educational Challenges

Australia and New Zealand have participated in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Programme for International Student Assessment since 2000. Reading literacy was the main focus of the Programme for International Student Assessment in 2000, and at that time both countries’ students generally performed well above the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average. Nearly 20 years later, in the latest cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment in 2018, reading literacy was again the main focus. Students’ average reading performance has tracked down in both countries. Large inequities persist between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged students, indigenous and non-indigenous students, and genders. The Programme for International Student Assessment gathers a wealth of contextual information that highlights key educational challenges facing both countries, including poor disciplinary climates, declining attitudes towards reading and sense of belonging at school, and increasing bullying. While there are similarities among the two countries’ 15-year-olds, evidence shows practices are diverging at the middle primary schooling level, which may be impacting positively on younger Australian cohorts; these differences are also discussed with respect to early reading experiences.

scholarly journals READING COMPETENCE AND ENGAGEMENT OF LATVIAN STUDENTS IN THE VIEW OF OECD PISA 2018 RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ilze Kangro ◽  
Andris Kangro ◽  
Rita Kiseļova
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Reading Engagement ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
First Results ◽  
Oecd Pisa

Students' reading competence determines the achievements of learners in all areas of school education as well as in their further education, professional activity and life. The results of the OECD Program for International Student Assessment - OECD PISA 2018 confirm the need to improve reading competence in Latvia (OECD, 2019).The aim of the study is to analyze the achievement of Latvia's fifteen-year-old students in OECD PISA 2018 and the previous international program cycles in relation to students' reading engagement and its changes. Reading engagement significantly influences not only students' reading competence but are in themselves one of the goals of modern education (Guthrie & Wigfield, 2000; Guthrie, Klauda & Ho, 2013). The study will use the OECD PISA international databases for statistical analysis the data of Latvia and other countries for comparisons with OECD averages, and especially with the attitudes and achievements of Estonian and Finnish students. The analysis of the first results shows that the promotion of reading engagement among Latvian students, especially boys, is one of the factors for increasing reading competence. 

scholarly journals Does the language spoken at home matter for the education, wellbeing, and sense of belonging of the children of immigrants? And does the answer depend on how we analyse it?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Kilpi-Jakonen ◽  
Jenni Alisaari
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
International Student ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Test Scores ◽  
At Home

Educational disadvantages of children of immigrants have sometimes been linked to speaking a language other than that of school instruction at home. However, thorough investigations of the alleged benefits for immigrant families of adopting the language of the surrounding society are lacking. We used data from a subset of countries in the 2018 Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) and analysed reading test scores, educational expectations, sense of belonging at school, and subjective wellbeing (positive affect). Our results suggest that the language used at home is not systematically associated with subjective wellbeing or educational expectations. In some countries, switching the home language to that of the destination country is associated with an increased sense of belonging at school and higher reading scores. We discuss these results with reference to ethnic boundary making and how schools and educational systems can respond to the needs of linguistically diverse students.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Links between Technology, Culture, and Reading Proficiency: A Study of the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Schenck
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between culture, technology, and reading. Reading scores from the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) were obtained from 41 countries and compared to: digital device use in the classroom, method of digital device use in the classroom, and digital device use outside the classroom. Results suggest that either no use or extensive use of technology improves overall reading scores. Cultural characteristics such as assertiveness or low institutional collectivism in some countries appear to mitigate this effect, decreasing the impact of technology on reading. Teacher control of technology had the highest impact on reading performance. Finally, as the use of technology outside the classroom increased, reading proficiency tended to decrease, with the exception of the Anglo cultural group.

Three Paradoxical Effects on Academic Self-Concept Across Countries, Schools, and Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Philip D. Parker ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
School Level ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Starting School

Abstract. We simultaneously resolve three paradoxes in academic self-concept research with a single unifying meta-theoretical model based on frame-of-reference effects across 68 countries, 18,292 schools, and 485,490 15-year-old students. Paradoxically, but consistent with predictions, effects on math self-concepts were negative for: • being from countries where country-average achievement was high; explaining the paradoxical cross-cultural self-concept effect; • attending schools where school-average achievement was high; demonstrating big-fish-little-pond-effects (BFLPE) that generalized over 68 countries, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/non-OECD countries, high/low achieving schools, and high/low achieving students; • year-in-school relative to age; unifying different research literatures for associated negative effects for starting school at a younger age and acceleration/skipping grades, and positive effects for starting school at an older age (“academic red shirting”) and, paradoxically, even for repeating a grade. Contextual effects matter, resulting in significant and meaningful effects on self-beliefs, not only at the student (year in school) and local school level (BFLPE), but remarkably even at the macro-contextual country-level. Finally, we juxtapose cross-cultural generalizability based on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data used here with generalizability based on meta-analyses, arguing that although the two approaches are similar in many ways, the generalizability shown here is stronger in terms of support for the universality of the frame-of-reference effects.

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