scholarly journals Fiscal Incentives and Sustainable Urbanization: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Urbanization

Fiscal incentives can affect governments’ behavior and further influence economic and social development. Due to the specific conditions of the household registration system and the land ownership system in China, the urbanization process is dominated by the government. This article conceptually and empirically investigates the influence of fiscal incentives on sustainable urbanization. We theoretically analyze the fiscal reasons why land urbanization occurs faster than the population urbanization. Then we employ panel data of 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2012 to discuss the impact of fiscal incentives on urbanization from four aspects: fiscal revenue, types of taxes, fiscal self-financing rate, and tax losses. The econometric results show that both the local tax revenue and fiscal self-financing rate have a significantly negative effect on the gap between land urbanization and population urbanization. The larger the proportion of business tax, the smaller the gap, and vice versa for value-added tax. The greater the local governments’ tax losses, the greater the gap. The results explain why local governments in China choose land urbanization rather than population urbanization from the perspective of fiscal incentives.

scholarly journals Land Financialization, Uncoordinated Development of Population Urbanization and Land Urbanization, and Economic Growth: Evidence from China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyang Ji ◽  
Xiaoxin Guo ◽  
Shihu Zhong ◽  
Lina Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Credit Guarantees ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Urbanization

In recent years, it has become common practice for Chinese local governments to inject land assets into financing platform companies and use them as mortgage or credit guarantees to obtain bank loans and issue urban investment bonds, which is known as “land financialization”. This study investigates the impact and mechanism of land financialization on the uncoordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization in China. Theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results based on the data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2015 demonstrate that land financialization by local governments is a significant cause of the uncoordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization, and the pressure of urban economic development will strengthen this negative impact. Extended analysis further reveals that in areas where population urbanization and land urbanization are uncoordinated, land financialization, while promoting urban spatial expansion, will lower land use efficiency and have an inverted U-shaped influence on economic growth due to a weak agglomeration effect. The above conclusion shows that urbanization driven by debt-based investment is unsustainable. Efforts should be made to establish a financialization system that propels sound urbanization and to build a stable input linkage between land financialization and the supply of urban public service.

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) UNTUK MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN WHISTLE-BLOWING PADA PEMDA PROPINSI PAPUA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Rodika Wakerkwa ◽  
Syaikhul Fallah ◽  
Otniel Safkaur
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

This study examines factors affecting the interest of state civil servants to undertake whistle-blowing action on local governments of Papua Province. The population in this study is the State Civil Servants (ASN) on local governments of Papua Province, with 120 number of people as sample in this research. Multiple regression analysis techniques is used to analysis, discuss and testing the hypothesis from the data collection. This research find that variabel of organization commitment has a significant and negative effect on the interest of state civil servants to undertake Whistle Blowing action. Thus it can be explained that, in high and low commitment of organzation environment which dominated by employees at SKPDs in government of Jayapura city that have lowered interest to undertake Whistle Blowing action. Then, varibale of Attitude has a significant effect on the Interest of Whistle Blowing action, which the attitude of the existing employees will increase the interest to Blow the Whistle at the SKPDs’ employees in the government of Jayapura city. Similarly, Personal Cost variabel has a significant affect on the interest of state civil servants to attempt a Whistle Blowing action, it can be seen that when there is a sufficient personal cost in the employees of SKPD in the government of Jayapura city, it will increase the interest in Blowing the Whistle. While, the degree of seriousness also has a significant influence on the employees to attempt a Whistle Blowing interest. This means that the increasing interest in Blowing Whistle among employees are required to enhance the degree of seriousness in conducting Interest of Blowing a Whistle at SKPD in the government of Jayapura city.

scholarly journals Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Revathi R. ◽  
Madhushree ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.

scholarly journals Cotton Imports and GDP of Indonesia- Cointegration Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
P. Soumya ◽  
R. A. Yeledhalli
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The study examines the impact of cotton imports on the real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia for a period from 1992 to 2018 using ARDL approach and Granger causality analysis. Results of the study indicated that cotton imports have negative effect on economic growth. For every 1% increase in cotton imports the real GDP decreased by 0.107% in the long run. Any disequilibrium in the model is adjusted with a high speed of adjustment of 107.7% in less than a year. Shocks and the trend are adjusted in less than one year. There is no causality between imports of cotton and the real GDP. The study suggested effort should be taken by the government to increase yield of cotton by the use of technology and also a need to initiate farmers to take up cotton farming. 

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Zuzana Stofkova ◽  
Peter Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared. Purpose of the article: There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views. Methods: Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey. Findings & Value added: The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.

scholarly journals Effect of Corporate Tax on Government Expenditure in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Patrick Ologbenla
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

The study investigated the impact of corporate income tax on the government expenditure in Nigeria. Data on corporate income tax, value added tax, interest rate, gross domestic product, petroleum profit tax and consumer price index were collected and used as independent variable in the study while data on public expenditure were collected and used as independent variable in the estimated model. The ARDL bound test was applied and the result showed that corporate income tax have long run relationship that is significant with government expenditure. Other forms of tax such as value added tax and petroleum profit tax also have significant impact on government expenditure. The study concluded that corporate income tax should be sustained in order to ensure that government continue to fulfill her obligation of provision of social amenities that will promote the economic growth of the country.

scholarly journals CRICKET POWDER (ACHETA DOMESTICA) AS FOOD ADDITIVE FOR PROCESSING OF DRY-FERMENTED POLTURY BARS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desislava Borislavova Vlahova-Vangelova ◽  
Desislav Balev ◽  
Nikolay Delchev Kolev ◽  
Dilyana Gradinarska ◽  
Stefan Dragoev
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
Plastic Strength ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acheta Domestica ◽  
The Impact

In the recent years crickets, as well as cricket powder (CP) are interesting food ingredients in the European market. Some benefits of CP are high content of quality proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals and little environmental footprint. The aim of this work is to explore the impact of CP additive (2% and 4%) on the color characteristics, technological and sensory properties of dry-fermented poultry bars. The use of CP as meat additive significantly decrease L* and a* value of the product. Structural strength, plastic strength and pH were significantly increased (p˂0.05) in CP enriched raw and dry-fermented poultry bars. aW and moisture content in the final CP supplemented poultry products increased (p˂0.05). The incorporation of 2% CP had slight impact on sensory properties of final product and can be successfully used for processing of value added meat products. CP addition up to 4% had negative effect on the color, sensory properties, structural and plastic strength on the filling mass and dry-fermented meat bars.

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