scholarly journals Impact of Vegetation on Perceived Safety and Preference in City Parks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lis ◽  
Łukasz Pardela ◽  
Paweł Iwankowski
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Accessibility ◽  
Landscape Feature ◽  
City Park

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of safety-related environmental characteristics in a city park on users’ preferences and whether this impact can be explained by perceived safety. The factors examined were physical and visual accessibility as well as the effectiveness of concealment created by plants in various spatial systems. We used 112 photographs taken in city parks for the study. Studies have shown that visual and physical accessibility varies in terms of impact on preferences and safety—as a result, we tested only visual accessibility and effectiveness. Correlation and regression analyses confirmed that vegetation in a park that obstructs views and can offer concealment reduces our sense of safety. In addition, such vegetation has a negative effect on preference. However, mediation analysis showed that this sense of safety or danger means that dense vegetation (low visual accessibility yet highly effective in offering concealment) is less preferred as a landscape feature. After excluding the impact brought to bear by the sense of safety, the studied features of vegetation had no significant impact on preferences. This means that plants and vegetation layouts of varying densities can be used in completely safe parks and this will probably not adversely affect the feelings of the users.

scholarly journals The Impact of Anticholinergic Burden on Functional Capacity in Persons With Schizophrenia Across the Adult Life Span

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Ullah Khan ◽  
Zaid Ghazala ◽  
Heather Jane Brooks ◽  
Ponnusamy Subramaniam ◽  
Benoit H Mulsant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden

Abstract Anticholinergic burden (ACB) from medications impairs cognition in schizophrenia. Cognition is a predictor of functional capacity; however, little is known about ACB effect on functional capacity in this population. This study assesses the relationship between ACB and functional capacity across the life span in individuals with schizophrenia after controlling for ACB effect on cognition. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with data collected from 6 academic tertiary health centers. Two hundred and twenty-three community-dwelling participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included in this study. Main variables were ACB, antipsychotic olanzapine equivalents, functional capacity, cognition, and negative symptoms. Simultaneous linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between ACB, functional capacity, and cognition and then between ACB and cognition. A mediation analysis was then performed to examine whether cognition mediated ACB effect on functional capacity if there was an association between ACB and cognition. Mean age of participants was 49.0 years (SD = 13.1, range 19–79), and 63.7% of participants had severe ACB, ie, a total score of 3 or above. Regression analyses revealed that ACB, age, education, and cognition independently predicted functional capacity and that ACB predicted cognition among those aged 55 years and older. Mediation analysis showed that cognition did partially mediate the effect of ACB on functional capacity in this older cohort. In conclusion, people with schizophrenia are exposed to severe ACB that can have a direct negative impact on functional capacity after controlling for its impact on cognition. Reducing ACB could improve functional capacity and potentially real-world function in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN PUBLIK TERHADAP TAMAN KOTA SEBAGAI RUANG PUBLIK DI KOTA SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiati Trihastusti ◽  
Sigit Santoso ◽  
Nono Soepriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
City Government ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
City Parks ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

ABSTRACT The city of Surabaya as a metropolitan city is experiencing a rapid development revolution to meet heterogeneous public demand, which is certainly a concern for the city government. As a metropois city that is growing rapidly in economic development, of course it is also followed by a rapid population as well. The rapid development also still considers environmental aspects and the beauty of the city of Surabaya, so the government is expected to provide public space or Green Open Space (RTH) that can be utilized by the community. In Law No. 26 of 2007, the need for the provision and utilization of green open space with a proportion of the area set at least 30 percent of the total area of the city. RTH is utilized as a public space and by Surabaya Mayor B Risma is built a public facility in the form of a city park, which is an active park and its facilities in the city of Surabaya. RTH service efforts are also being intensified by the Surabaya City Green and Open Space Agency at present. The number of vacant lots in the middle of the city is now used as city parks and urban forests, and there are dozens of city parks owned by Surabaya City. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the impact, benefits, influence and satisfaction of the community towards this policy. From the results of the analysis and discussion it is known that the Sports Facilities, Wifi Area, Street Vendors, and Recreation Areas variables have a positive influence on people's satisfaction. Where the city park as a public space part of green space has a contribution of 89.5% to the satisfaction of the community, with the facilities contained in the city park. Therefore Surabaya Mayor B Risma's program builds public facilities in the form of city parks, namely active parks and their facilities in the Surabaya city area, which are very significant and beneficial to the public. Keywords: kepuasan publik, taman kota (Sarana Olahraga, Area Wifi, Pedagang Kaki Lima /Kuliner, Tempat Rekreasi), Ruang Publik.

scholarly journals A Mediation Analysis on Level of Education and Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
pp. 417-422
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education And Economic Growth

This paper examines the relationship between education and economic growth in Malaysia from 1984 to 2012 which is motivated by the issue of the inefficiency of government’s expenditure on education. Specifically, this paper investigates how education levels affect Malaysia’s economic growth directly and indirectly through mediators such as unemployment, fertility and technology innovation via mediation analysis. The empirical results show that primary and tertiary education affects economic growth positively, while secondary education gives a negative effect. It is also discovered that the impact of all education levels on economic growth via indirect effects is higher than the direct effects. Tertiary education has the largest total effect among the other education levels on economic growth and its indirect effect on economic growth through lowering unemployment and fertility and increasing technology innovation is found to be significant.

Leader Prototypicality and Displayed Power in the Police: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact on Leader Endorsement and Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-497
Author(s):  
Faye Barth-Farkas ◽  
Antonio Vera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The aim of this article is to advance scholarly knowledge on the impact of leader prototypicality and displayed power on leader endorsement and trust in the police. Drawing on theoretical arguments from psychology and organizational behaviour, we develop eight hypotheses and submit them to an empirical test. In a pre-study, we explore what characteristics are prototypical of police leaders. Based on these findings, we develop vignettes describing different types of police leaders and administer these in an experimental study using a between-subjects design. Our sample consists of 34 German top-level police leaders for the pre-study and 142 German mid-level police leaders for the main study. Regression analyses provide evidence for a positive effect of leader prototypicality on leader endorsement and trust, a positive moderating effect of organizational identification on these relationships, and a negative effect of displayed power on leader endorsement and trust.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Employee Stock Bonus On Equity Market Value

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niensu Shih
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the relation between equity market value and the expense of employee stock bonus that is disclosed but not recognized under Taiwans law. Employing the regression analyses, and to investigate the effects of employee stock bonus on the firms share price. We find that the market value of employee stock bonus has a negative effect on the firms share price. The result indicates the negative side of employee stock bonus is its dilution of the existing shareholders equity rights.

The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Small Body ◽  
World System ◽  
World Society ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

The Impact of High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Structure of Chinese Urban Agglomerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
River Delta ◽  
City Size ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper measures the spatial evolution of urban agglomerations to understand be er the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) construction, based on panel data from fi ve major urban agglomerations in China for the period 2004–2015. It is found that there are signi ficant regional diff erences of HSR impacts. The construction of HSR has promoted population and economic diff usion in two advanced urban agglomerations, namely the Yang e River Delta and Pearl River Delta, while promoting population and economic concentration in two relatively less advanced urban agglomerations, e.g. the middle reaches of the Yang e River and Chengdu–Chongqing. In terms of city size, HSR promotes the economic proliferation of large cities and the economic concentration of small and medium-sized cities along its routes. HSR networking has provided a new impetus for restructuring urban spatial systems. Every region should optimize the industrial division with strategic functions of urban agglomeration according to local conditions and accelerate the construction of inter-city intra-regional transport network to maximize the eff ects of high-speed rail across a large regional territory.

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