Leader Prototypicality and Displayed Power in the Police: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact on Leader Endorsement and Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-497
Author(s):  
Faye Barth-Farkas ◽  
Antonio Vera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The aim of this article is to advance scholarly knowledge on the impact of leader prototypicality and displayed power on leader endorsement and trust in the police. Drawing on theoretical arguments from psychology and organizational behaviour, we develop eight hypotheses and submit them to an empirical test. In a pre-study, we explore what characteristics are prototypical of police leaders. Based on these findings, we develop vignettes describing different types of police leaders and administer these in an experimental study using a between-subjects design. Our sample consists of 34 German top-level police leaders for the pre-study and 142 German mid-level police leaders for the main study. Regression analyses provide evidence for a positive effect of leader prototypicality on leader endorsement and trust, a positive moderating effect of organizational identification on these relationships, and a negative effect of displayed power on leader endorsement and trust.

Effects of ball properties on throwing in young team-handball beginners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110236
Author(s):  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Benjamin Noël ◽  
André Nicklas ◽  
Fabian Lukac ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Participants

Throwing a ball is a primary skill in team-handball and can be directly influenced by the properties of different types of balls. Therefore, the use of different balls (i.e., methodic ball) recommended by the handball federations (e.g., IHF) and the education guidelines, are important in teaching throwing. Previous studies have shown that movement patterns and throwing velocity can be influenced by different ball types and sizes. However, the influence of these factors on throwing accuracy has not been investigated in detail yet. This study aims to replicate the findings of previous studies on increasing throwing velocity in children by comparing the use of a soft methodic ball with a size 0 handball. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of these balls on throwing accuracy. In an experimental study, participants (10-years of age) threw a soft methodic ball and a size 0 ball at target areas in a handball goal. For all the throws, throwing velocity and accuracy were measured. Commensurate with previous research, throwing velocity was higher for the soft methodic ball compared to a size 0 ball. No difference was found in accuracy, although, it is worth mentioning that the participants were only experienced in throwing using the size 0 ball. Moreover, only one-third of the children favored throwing with a size 0 ball, which is what they are used to in training and competition. The results of our study, therefore, confirm that using soft methodic balls additionally, positively influences the throwing velocity and has no negative effect on the accuracy in throwing among young handball beginners.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING DAN RELATIONSHIP QUALITY TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PRODUK PARFUM MULEGH DI PURWOKERTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marketing Relationship ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The research entitled �The Influence of Relationship Marketing and Relationship Quality Towards Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as The Intervening Variable on Mulleg Perfume Product in Purwokerto� aims to determine the impact of relationship marketing and relationship quality towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and to determine whether customer satisfaction could become the intervening variable. The hypothesis of this research is the relationship marketing has negative effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship marketing has positive effect towards customer loyalty, the relationship quality has positively effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship quality has positively effect towards the customer loyalty, and the customer loyalty could be able to mediate the influence of relationship marketing and relationship quality toward customer loyalty.� The analysis method that used on this research is the structural equation modeling.The results show that the relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction. It will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction, so it will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalt. It will increase the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards the customer loyalty. The Customer Satisfaction has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalty. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship marketing towards the customer loyalty on Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship quality towards the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto.�Keywords : Relationship Marketing , Relationship Quality , Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty�

An Analysis of the Effect of selected Factors on microsurgical Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zyluk ◽  
Konrad Czernikiewicz ◽  
Joanna Antoniak ◽  
Urszula Abramczyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Latex Glove ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Surgical Expertise ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Microsurgery is a specific surgical expertise that involves operating on very small structures, and requires the assistance of a magnifying device: a microscope or loupes. Several factors have been identified that could affect the quality of microsurgical performance in training or surgical procedures. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the selected factors – caffeine, alcohol and physical exercise – on a microsurgical task prior its performance. Methods Ten students from the 5th and 6th years of medical studies who had completed the advanced microsurgical course performed a “6-stitches test” on a latex glove spanned over a cup prior to and after consumption of caffeine, alcohol and performing physical exercises. The times taken to complete the task at baseline and post-exposure were recorded. Results The results of the study show a statistically significant positive effect of caffeine and a statistically significant negative effect of physical exercise on microsurgical performance when performed shortly before the task. Small dose of alcohol taken before the task showed had little effect on performance.

Household finances and social comparison: Determinants of financial well-being in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Aisyah Amatul Ghina ◽  
Subiakto Sukarno
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

To achieve a vision of sustainable financial well-being (FWB) in Indonesia, generating more knowledge in household behavior and FWB is pivotal. This study assesses the impact of household financial position and social comparison on individual FWB in Indonesia. Using the latest wave of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dataset, subjective FWB assessed by questions on subjective prosperity, perceived current standard of living adequacy and perceived future standard of living. The empirical analysis shows that net wealth and total assets are also essential determinants and positively related to FWB along with income. On the contrary, though it is only found significant on the perceived current standard of living adequacy, the total debt level has a negative effect on FWB. The findings also confirm that socioeconomic and demographic factors also significantly affect FWB (e.g., being female and more educated has a positive effect on FWB). Furthermore, it also found that relative financial position (i.e., social comparison) has important roles in determining individuals' FWB level. Being above the reference group's average for a particular financial measure (i.e., income and total assets) has a positive effect on an individual's FWB. The findings of this study suggest for promoting financial education in the national school system starting senior high school to increase the level of financial well-being among young adult and people with lower educational attainment.JEL Classification C31; D14; I31

METAPHYLAXIS OF APPLICATION OF VETERINARY PREPARATIONS «MULTIOMYCIN 1%» AND «YUBERIN ORAL»

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
E. V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

We studied the effect of the antimicrobial drug «Multiomycin 1 %» on the hematological and biochemical pa-rameters of blood, the activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, alkaline phosphatase, protease), the structure of the mi-crobiocenosis of the small and large intestines, and the quality of the products. Based on the results of preclinical stud-ies, a production test was carried out in conjunction with the veterinary drug «Yuberin oral», as well as an assessment of the impact on the productivity of poultry was given. «Multiomycin 1 %» did not adversely affect the chickens. The drug had a positive effect on the activity of the digestive processes, increased their activity. Contributed to a decrease in the total microbial contamination in the contents of the small and large intestines and an increase in the content of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Combined use with yuberin contributed to an increase in safety, an increase in the aver-age daily gain, as well as a decrease in the incidence of gastroenteritis. The weight gain at the end of the experiment in the chickens of the experimental group was 3,74 % higher than in the control. The use of the veterinary drug «Multiomycin 1 %» did not have a negative effect on the quality of the products.

scholarly journals The Impact of Education on Household Income in Rural Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Van Vu
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Using data from the 2018 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey, our study investigates the impact of education on household income in rural Vietnam. Both mean and quantile regression analyses were employed to analyze the impact of education. We found that education has a positive effect on the household income after controlling for various factors in the models. However, quantile regression analysis reveals that the effect of schooling years increases with quantiles, suggesting that education bring higher returns for richer households. We also found that households with the heads having higher qualifications or vocational education tend to earn higher income levels. Combined together, these findings imply that while education was found to increase household income, it increases income inequality in rural Vietnam. Our research findings suggest that improving the access of poor households to better education is expected to increase their income and reduce inequality in rural Vietnam.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Innovation Forms on Sustainable Economic Performance: The Influence of Family Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽  
María J. Martínez-Romero ◽  
Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Sustained Competitive Advantage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Family Involvement In Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this research is to explore the effect that innovation, as a potential source of sustained competitive advantage and firm growth, has on the achievement of sustainable economic performance. In particular, this paper empirically examines the influence of four innovation forms (intramural R&D, extramural R&D, product innovation, and process innovation) on firms’ sustainable economic performance, considering the moderating effect of family involvement in management. To test the hypotheses, random-effects regression analyses are applied to a longitudinal sample of 598 Spanish private manufacturing firms throughout the 2006–2015 period. The results show a negative effect of intramural and extramural R&D on sustainable economic performance and a positive effect of process innovation on sustainable economic performance. Moreover, a reinforced relationship between process innovation and sustainable economic performance is also revealed when family involvement in management acts as a moderator. The findings make several contributions to research and practice.

scholarly journals Impact of Vegetation on Perceived Safety and Preference in City Parks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lis ◽  
Łukasz Pardela ◽  
Paweł Iwankowski
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Accessibility ◽  
Landscape Feature ◽  
City Park

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of safety-related environmental characteristics in a city park on users’ preferences and whether this impact can be explained by perceived safety. The factors examined were physical and visual accessibility as well as the effectiveness of concealment created by plants in various spatial systems. We used 112 photographs taken in city parks for the study. Studies have shown that visual and physical accessibility varies in terms of impact on preferences and safety—as a result, we tested only visual accessibility and effectiveness. Correlation and regression analyses confirmed that vegetation in a park that obstructs views and can offer concealment reduces our sense of safety. In addition, such vegetation has a negative effect on preference. However, mediation analysis showed that this sense of safety or danger means that dense vegetation (low visual accessibility yet highly effective in offering concealment) is less preferred as a landscape feature. After excluding the impact brought to bear by the sense of safety, the studied features of vegetation had no significant impact on preferences. This means that plants and vegetation layouts of varying densities can be used in completely safe parks and this will probably not adversely affect the feelings of the users.

The effect of the moral failure of a foreign brand on competing brands

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 903-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro A. Maher ◽  
Anusorn Singhapakdi
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Foreign Brand ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the moral failure of a scandalized foreign brand afflicted with a product-harm crisis on competing brands (i.e. within the same product category) while taking into account the country of origin (COO) of the brands. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of two studies. The first study uses an experimental design, while the second uses a survey to examine a real-life product-harm crisis. Findings The results indicate that the moral failure of a scandalized foreign brand has an indirect negative effect on the intention to purchase competing foreign brands from the COO of the scandalized foreign brand. This effect is, however, reversed for domestic brands, where moral failure has an indirect positive effect on the intention to purchase competing domestic brands. Research limitations/implications The results of this research were based on an examination of how US consumers responded to the moral failure of Japanese and German brands. Future studies should examine brands from different COOs in different countries. Practical implications These results suggest that competing foreign brands from the COO of the scandalized brand should collaborate to quickly handle a product-harm crisis to prevent a spillover and that domestic competitors should capitalize on the opportunity to attract new customers. Originality/value This study represents a first attempt to examine the effect of a foreign brand’s moral failure in handling product-harm crisis on competing brands, both foreign and domestic.

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