scholarly journals Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Biochar-Based Mortar: An Internal Curing Agent for PCC

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane Mrad ◽  
Ghassan Chehab
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Biomass Decomposition

In pursuing sustainability targets, the construction industry has witnessed significant efforts exerted on exploring new alternatives for raw materials. Such initiatives aim to alleviate concerns of overexploitation of natural resources leading to their depletion. On a different note, the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) has also become a major concern in some countries, such as the case of Lebanon, where illegal dumping continues to take its toll on the environment. Pyrolysis has been introduced as a biomass decomposition process of MSW and is considered an environmentally friendly process that can mitigate open dumping. However, pyrolysis produces significant amounts of biochar as a byproduct that in turn needs to be disposed of or treated. This research aims to investigate the viability of using biochar as a sustainable alternative material to sand in cementitious mortar composites. A thorough microscale physicochemical characterization of the biochar is conducted prior to its inclusion in mortar. Then, its incorporation as a partial replacement of sand in mortar is assessed at the mesoscale level, based on performance indices that included compressive strength and microstructure properties. Analysis of the experimental results are used to provide guidelines and recommendations as to the effective incorporation of biochar fraction in cementitious mortar.

Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of selected Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic muddy/clayey raw materials to be potentially used as healing clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rebelo ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
E. Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geological Formations

AbstractThe use of pelitic geological materials for the treatment of muscle-bone-skin pathologies, by application of a cataplasm made of clay and mineral water mixture, is currently receiving attention and interest from the general public and scientific community. In Portugal there are several natural occurrences of clays/muds which are used for pelotherapy and/or geotherapy. These are carried out either indoors (thalassotherapy and thermal centres) or outdoors, in natural sites generally located near the seaside. The aim of this study is to assess the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Portuguese raw materials for therapeutic purposes. These materials were collected from different Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological formations located in the neighbourhood of thermal centres or at beaches known from their empirical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to assess the mineralogical composition of these clays. Physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, plasticity/abrasiveness indices and heat diffusiveness were also determined. Having distinct geological ages and genesis, the materials examined are mainly illitic. Less abundant kaolinite and smectite are also present. With respect to their physicochemical properties, all samples have good thermal properties which make them potentially suitable for therapeutic or aesthetic purposes.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Native and Enzymatically Modified Durian Seed (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi Afrianti Rahayu ◽  
Nasrul Wathoni ◽  
Sriwidodo Sriwidodo ◽  
Lisa Sophianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Enzyme Extract ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
Durian Seed ◽  
Starch Production

Durian seed (Durio zibethinus Murr.) has a high starch content (46.2%) and thus can be used as a new source of starch for the raw materials of pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, we fabricated native and enzymatically modified durian seed starch using a rough enzyme extract from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Wet grinding method was used for starch production. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was investigated by organoleptic, acidity-basicity, loss on drying,  flow capability, compressibility, ash content and microbial limit. In addition, viscoamylograph had been done to clarify the viscosity properties of the starches. The result of starch production showed that the durian seed had a starch yield of 17.68%. Physicochemical characterization of the starch showed that the results of quality testing had fulfilled the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 4th edition standards requirements, such as description, identification, acidity-basicity, loss on drying, ash content and microbial limit. In addition, viscoamylograph study showed that the enzymatically modified durian seed starch had a higher viscosity than the native durian seed starch. Interestingly, modification of the durian seed starch using a rough enzyme extract improved its flow capability and compressibility. These results suggest that the modified durian seed starch experienced an increase in viscosity, compressibility and flow capability compared to native durian starch.  Keywords: durian, seed, starch, enzymatic modification

scholarly journals Sustainability Potential Evaluation of Concrete with Steel Slag Aggregates by the LCA Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9873
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Václavík ◽  
Marcela Ondová ◽  
Tomáš Dvorský ◽  
Adriana Eštoková ◽  
Martina Fabiánová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Sustainability in the construction industry refers to all resource-efficient and environmentally responsible processes throughout the life cycle of a structure. Green buildings may incorporate reused, recycled, or recovered materials in their construction. Concrete is as an important building material. Due to the implementation of by-products and waste from various industries into its structure, concrete represents a significant sustainable material. Steel slag has great potential for its reuse in concrete production. Despite its volume changes over time, steel slag can be applied in concrete as a cement replacement (normally) or as a substitute for natural aggregates (rarely). This paper focused on an investigation of concrete with steel slag as a substitute of natural gravel aggregate. Testing physical and mechanical properties of nontraditional concrete with steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregates of 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm fractions confirmed the possibility of using slag as a partial replacement of natural aggregate. Several samples of concrete with steel slag achieved even better mechanical parameters (e.g., compressive strength, frost resistance) than samples with natural aggregate. Moreover, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed within the system boundaries cradle-to-gate. The LCA results showed that replacements of natural aggregates significantly affected the utilization rate of nonrenewable raw materials and reduced the overall negative impacts of concrete on the environment up to 7%. The sustainability indicators (SUI), which considered the LCA data together with the technical parameters of concrete, were set to evaluate sustainability of the analyzed concretes. Based on the SUI results, replacing only one fraction of natural gravel aggregate in concrete was a more sustainable solution than replacing both fractions at once. These results confirmed the benefits of using waste to produce sustainable materials in construction industry.

scholarly journals A Review on Green Concrete Using Low-Calcium Pond Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj K ◽  
Ramesh S
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Pulverized Fuel ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Pulverized Fuel Ash

Nowadays, the construction cost is very high with the use of crucial material such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. This study includes the use of Pulverized fuel ash waste materials as partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate. Industries in India produce a large amount of waste such as fly ash, Bottom ash, Pond ash, etc., that can be useful in the partial replacement of all raw materials due to their different properties. Therefore, we study the number of useful research documents in this field and try to improve with locally available waste material can be proven economical as well. The objective of this study was to determine the environmental impacts of open dumping of pond ash around a thermal power plant.

Soil-Lime Blocks Using Construction Residues - Durability Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1422-1427
Author(s):  
Suélen Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Cibelle Guimarães Silva ◽  
Izabelle Marie Trindade Bezerra ◽  
Suellen Lisboa Dias ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Alternative Materials

The construction industry in addition to being considered one of the biggest natural resources consumers is still responsible for generating large quantities of residues. The impacts caused by these residues have motivated research aimed at developing new techniques for reuse and recycling this material by using as raw material to make alternative materials. The introduction of demolition residues (DR) in soil-lime bricks replacing part of the pozzolan becomes possible due to the cementing properties that these residues may present when finely grounded. This study aims to evaluate the durability of soil-lime blocks embedded with demolition residues. For this study the raw materials were characterized by particle size distribution analysis, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Then test specimens were prepared using mixes in a 1:10 ratio of lime:soil and embedded with residue in partial replacement of lime, in the proportions of 25%, 50% and 75% with curing period of 90 days. Later, the test specimens were evaluated for durability. The results showed that soil-lime bricks embedded with contents above 50% of residues had their durability affected.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Wollastonite and Calcite

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Olgaç Kangal ◽  
Gülay Bulut ◽  
Onur Guven
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
High Alkalinity

Wollastonite and calcite minerals are significant raw materials and are extensively used due to their unique properties. Wollastonite is used in plastics, paint, ceramics, paper, resins, and in construction as a substitution for asbestos due to its chemical stability, thermal resistivity, needle-like shape, and brightness. Calcite is one of the most used raw materials because of its low hardness, high alkalinity, sorptive properties, white and bright color. Wollastonite and calcite are two minerals found together in nature. The most common method used for separating these two minerals is flotation. In this study, the surface properties of pure mineral samples were investigated. The pH profiles of both minerals were obtained by measuring the surface charge of particles followed by the measurement of the zeta potential in different collector concentrations. The wettability of minerals was examined by measuring their contact angles.

Physicochemical characterization of raw materials and co-products from the titanium dioxide industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 1429-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Gázquez ◽  
J.P. Bolívar ◽  
R. García-Tenorio ◽  
F. Vaca
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DO CONCRETO PRODUZIDO COM RESÍDUO DE ISOLADORES ELÉTRICOS DE PORCELANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Mota Milhomem ◽  
Jéssyca Mendes Silva ◽  
Patrick Silva Costa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Natural Sand

RESUMO: A busca por novos materiais capazes de substituir, em parte, componentes do concreto tem alavancado pesquisas em diversas áreas, principalmente no que se refere à reciclagem de resíduos (construção, indústria e outros). Neste contexto, a utilização de isoladores elétricos de porcelana vem sendo estudada como uma possibilidade eficaz de substituição do agregado miúdo. Este trabalho, avaliou os efeitos da substituição de 25% e 50%, em relação ao agregado miúdo, utilizando um traço de 1:1,43:2,07:0,4 (cimento:agregado graúdo:agregado miúdo:água) e, através da caracterização física do resíduo, o mesmo foi classificado como areia grossa (influência do processo de moagem). Realizou-se ensaios de absorção (aos 28 dias), resistência à compressão e à tração. O ensaio de absorção comprovou que o isolador, mesmo tendo maior absorção do que a areia natural (0,56% e 0,34%, respectivamente) não interferiu no valor do abatimento do concreto. Os resultados de resistência à compressão mostraram uma melhora considerável com base nos dados obtidos, comprovando a eficácia da utilização deste material como substituição parcial dos agregados na composição do concreto.ABSTRACT: The search for new materials capable of partially replacing concrete components has leveraged research in a number of areas, particularly with regard to waste recycling (construction, industry and others). In this context, the use of porcelain electrical insulators has been studied as an effective possibility of replacing the small aggregate. In this paper evaluated the effects of 25% and 50% substitution in relation to the fine aggregate using a 1: 1: 43: 2.07: 0.4 (cement: aggregate coarse: fine aggregate: water). Through the physical characterization of the residue, the same was classified as coarse sand (influence of the grinding process). Absorption (at 28 days), compressive strength and tensile were performed. The absorption test showed that the insulator, although having a higher absorption than the natural sand (0.56% and 0.34%, respectively), did not interfere with the value of the slump test of concrete. The results of compressive strength showed a considerable improvement based on the data obtained, proving the effectiveness of the use of this material as partial replacement of the aggregates in the concrete composition.

Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles Extracted from the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa M. El-Naggar ◽  
Wael S. I. Abou-Elmagd ◽  
Ashraf Suloma ◽  
Hamza A. El-Shabaka ◽  
Magdy T. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document