scholarly journals Domestic Socioeconomic Barriers to Hydropower Trading: Evidence from Bhutan and Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Ogino ◽  
Mikiyasu Nakayama ◽  
Daisuke Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Domestic Power ◽  
Power Shortages

Bhutan has increased exports of surplus hydropower generation, whereas Nepal has been suffering from domestic power shortages. Why has Bhutan successfully promoted hydropower development and exports, while Nepal has failed to do so? This paper focuses on inherent development barriers that stem from domestic power supply, internal governance systems, and indigenous societal sensitivity. There are lessons to be learned from Bhutan’s practices that could be applied in Nepal. First, hydropower development can be severely affected by electricity scarcity that arises when power export is privileged over domestic power supply. Nepal has fallen into this negative loop, whereas Bhutan has overcome it through policy interventions that ensure visible links between power exports and domestic power consumption. Second, the sector reforms in the two countries contrast in terms of institutional, operational, and financial efficiency. Without fundamental reforms, Nepal’s sector-wide inefficiency fuels a vicious circle. Third, local resource conflicts and social complexities have made Nepal’s hydropower projects more complicated than Bhutan’s. In planning hydropower projects, it is crucial to pay careful attention to domestic stakeholders and local benefits. Planners and governments must ensure that projects are designed with extensive benefit sharing mechanisms, sustainable value chains, effective sector reforms, and sufficient societal conflict management.

Corporate governance and business ethics: Evidence from a sample of Algerian corporations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Nour El Houda Yahiaoui ◽  
Abdelmadjid Ezzine
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Corporate Scandals ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Governance Practices

Corporate governance systems are developed to govern corporations, build trust and create sustainable value for all stakeholders. Paradoxically, in spite of massive efforts in developing governance systems, corporate scandals are persisting. Different studies have strongly recommended business ethics as a solution to this paradox. Thus, this study explores if business ethics supports corporate governance practices in a sample of Algerian corporations. The study used a mixed methodology; qualitative: since this subject is poorly addressed in the Algerian context that requires an exploratory study. Quantitative by developing a structural model demonstrating the relationship between business ethics and corporate governance, Data for the study were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed on an anonymous basis to corporations’ senior managers in Sidi Bel Abbes district. Treatment of collected data is done using two types of analysis: the structural equations modeling approach by using the PLS Path approach (PLS Path Modeling) and linear regression. The study finds out that business ethics leads to better levels of corporate governance and supports its practices; and the reason is mainly due to an implicit involuntary commitment to laws as a minimum required level of compliance, and that the protection of stakeholders’ rights are the most important corporate governance’s dimension affected by business ethics.

In Search of the Good Dam

2015 ◽  
pp. 288-306
Author(s):  
Terry Clayton ◽  
Nicole West
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Mekong River Basin ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Corporate Social

There are few places in the world where hydropower development is progressing as intensely as the Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. In searching for ways of supporting public dialog on development, the Challenge Program on Water and Food found that the hydropower sector speaks of social responsibility only in terms of “benefit sharing,” while the development sector and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) largely ignore or are unaware of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The chapter begins with an overview of hydropower development in the Mekong, considers some possible reasons for the absence of CSR in the ongoing debate over hydropower development, and concludes with recommendations for designing a project to build on the findings from this research.

Emergence of Familiness and Family Owned Business Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nay Zar Aung ◽  
Youji Kohda
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Family Unity

This article explores the concept of familiness in family-owned businesses (FOBs), identifying how families generate their own resources for business performance. Applying the resource-based view, the authors examined seven Myanmar businesses. Findings revealed that two factors influence familiness in Myanmar FOB: family unity and internal governance systems, which can be subdivided into traditional and collective systems. Moreover, evaluation revealed that FOB's business performance was affected by different family attitudes. A combination of family unity and a traditional internal governance system was conducive to controlling the internal business capabilities, whereas creating external opportunities were considered more effective for a combination of family unity and a collective internal governance system. Findings suggest that familiness emerges through embedded family resources that incorporates a sense of awareness with abilities for business advantages. These empirical results can provide insights and inputs that can help small and medium-sized FOBs safeguard their future.

scholarly journals Internalization of External Benefits Brought by Hydropower Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Huiyan Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Mengyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Hydropower Project ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Hydropower Development

Hydropower development brings a very large number of external benefits which are enjoyed by the beneficiaries for free. These external benefits are defined and the beneficiaries are identified. Models to measure the external benefits are established to reflect their dynamic changes at different periods. To improve the benefit sharing mechanism, a model to internalize these external benefits is established to further compensate those adversely affected. The Z hydropower project in China is taken as the example to calculate its external benefits and their internalization. The external benefits enjoyed by beneficiaries in the surrounding and downstream areas gradually increase from 18 million US dollars in 2006 to 114 million US dollars in 2065, and their compensation standards increase from 4 million US dollars in 2006 to 97 million US dollars in 2065. The external benefits enjoyed by beneficiaries in the power receiving areas increase from 125 million US dollars in 2015 to the maximum of 133 million in 2026, and their compensation standards increase from 38 million US dollars in 2015 to the maximum of 133 million US dollars in 2033. Sharing of external benefits can improve the benefit-sharing mechanism, and properly redistribute the external benefits of hydropower development.

scholarly journals Religion after the Royal Commission: Challenges to Religion–State Relations

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Kathleen McPhillips
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
State Relations

The findings and recommendations emanating from the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2012–2017) have advised religious organisations that they need to undertake significant changes to legal, governance and cultural/theological practices. The reason for urgency in enacting these changes is that religious organisations were the least child safe institutions across all Australian organisations, with poor practices of transparency, accountability and responsibility coupled with a tendency to protect the reputation of the institution above the safety of children in their care. In Australia, new state laws have been enacted and are impacting on the internal governance systems of religious organisations, including removing the secrecy of the Catholic confessional, instituting mandatory reporting of child abuse by clerics and criminalising the failure to report child sexual abuse. Religious organisations have moved to adopt many of the recommendations regarding their troubled governance including the professionalisation of religious ministry; adoption of professional standards; and appropriate redress for survivors and changes to religious laws. However, these changes signal significant challenges to current church–state relations, which have been characterised by positioning religious organisations as special institutions that enjoy exemptions from certain human rights legislation, on the basis of protecting religious freedom. This article examines and evaluates the nexus between state and religion in Australian public life as it is emerging in a post-Royal Commission environment, and in particular contested claims around the meaning and value of religious freedom versus the necessity of institutional reform to ensure that religious organisations can demonstrate safety for children and other vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong River Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Ngoc Bao ◽  
Bijon Kumer Mitra ◽  
Tetsuo Kuyama
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Mekong River Basin ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Trade Offs

This paper analyses roles of integrated approach to establish a regional mechanism for sustainable hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin. Based on a critical review of the current trend of hydropower development, it argued that existing approach of uncoordinated Mekong mainstream hydropower development cannot ensure sustainable development; rather it causes negative impacts on food security, livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem across the river basin, especially countries in Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), including Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As a result, it fails to bring positive net benefits at both national and regional level. Specifically, if all proposed mainstream dams are constructed and fully operated, Lao PDR is the only economically winner of billions USD after 20 years, while Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam are losers, and total net value will be minus 275 billion USD. Early recognition of the “nexus” interactions amongst hydropower development and cross-border food security, water security and livelihoods can minimise the risk of diplomatic conflicts and social unrest, and is only enabled when member states are willing to divert high-level government priorities from national interests to transboundary interests, as implementing the nexus approach throughout the river basin could contribute to reducing trade-offs between hydropower development and basin-wide socio-economy, and increase synergies through implementation of benefit-sharing mechanisms towards a win-win outcome. It recommends strengthening the Mekong River Commission via bolstered resources and coordinating authority, and encourages China to participate as a full member. It also argues that transboundary Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) of river projects should be conducted to reflect the synergic and trade-off nexus effect across the whole river basin.

Major Topics of Research on Chinese Foundations over the Last Decade: An Exploration Drawing on Co-Word Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315
Author(s):  
Chen Xuqing ◽  
Tian Zhenhua
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Word Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
State Of Research

Abstract This paper adopts a co-word analysis approach and uses EXCEL and SPSS as tools to assist the authors in undertaking content analysis and mining of research on Chinese foundations between 2003-2012. In this way, the authors attempt to develop an understanding of the current state of research on Chinese foundations and to grasp the major areas within this research that has commanded the most attention. Our study reveals that the four main sub-divisions of this field that have been main focal points of scholarly interest are: the institutional environment within which foundations exist; internal governance; systems for foundation evaluation; and foundations linked to institutes of higher education.

scholarly journals PWM Inverter Drive for Modified Single Phase Induction Motors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbenga A Olarinoye ◽  
Joseph Y Oricha
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pwm Inverter ◽  
Torque Pulsations ◽  
Domestic Power

This paper starts to look at the single phase induction machine which is a large consumer of domestic power supply with the goal of improving its operation. The existing capacitor-run single phase induction motor exhibits a significant level of torque pulsations during starting time and at steady state. This situation gives rise to noise and vibration in the machine. As part of efforts to mitigate these problems, an open loop two phase inverter drive strategy was developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to reduce undesirable pulsations. Simulation results clearly show the superiority of motor performance under the proposed strategy when compared to motor performance under nominal power supply. Torque pulsations are eliminated at steady state with the consequence of reduced noise and heat loss to the environment. The motor is observed to develop significantly higher starting torque and its reliability is significantly increased as the strategy eliminates the need for capacitors and centrifugal switch associated with these motors.

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