scholarly journals Cropland Use Transitions and Their Driving Factors in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Western Hubei Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Xiang ◽  
Xiaoqing Song ◽  
Jiangfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Western Hubei ◽  
Internal Relationship

Agriculture is important for economic development in most poverty-stricken areas in China, but cropland use is facing challenges due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, causing serious issues for poverty alleviation and sustainable socioeconomic development. Cropland Use Transition (CUT) is one way to alleviate poverty and develop the economy in poverty-stricken areas. This paper chose 16 typical poverty-stricken counties in Western Hubei province as the case area. A morphology index system was established to evaluate CUT, and geographic information system software was used to analyze the temporal-spatial variations in CUT. Using the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) model, contributions of driving factors of population, economy, and industrial structure to CUT were analyzed. The results show that: (1) cropland use morphology can be divided into functional morphology and spatial morphology; (2) the spatial distribution of CUT was high in the north and low in the south, the temporal variation of CUT from 1995 to 2013 showed fluctuations, and the coefficient of CUT changed from 0.460 to 0.649 with a growth rate of 41%; (3) for the driving factors, population factors most significantly contributed to CUT, followed by industrial structure and economic factors. The results obtained in this study are in line with the findings of previous studies. The RBFNN model is suitable for evaluating the contributions of driving factors, which can solve the deficiency in previous studies caused by ignoring the internal relationship and target orientation of driving factors. This study suggests that poverty-stricken counties should narrow the urban–rural divide, encourage balanced labor and investment flow into cropland by formulating relevant economic policies, motivate farmers’ agricultural engagement, and use science and technology to promote CUT and the growth of the agricultural economy, poverty alleviation, and to coordinate urban–rural development.

scholarly journals SPATIAL PATTERN EVOLUTION AND DRIVING FACTORS OF PM<sub>2.5</sub> CONCENTRATIONS IN THE GRAND CANAL REGION FROM 2000 TO 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 829-836
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
M. Hou ◽  
S. Cao ◽  
B. Li
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Grand Canal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Grand Canal ◽  
Local Moran ◽  
Gwr Model ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract. In recent years, air pollution related to PM2.5 has caused a significant impact on human health. The Grand Canal (GC) is not only a great Cultural heritage created in ancient China but also the longest and largest canal in the world. Based on remotely sensed PM2.5 gridded data in the GC region covering 2000 to 2018, we used the holistic methods of standard deviation ellipse, local moran index, slope trend analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal evolutions of PM2.5 concentrations in the GC regions and investigated the driving factors of PM2.5 concentrations by using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Results show that (1) PM2.5 concentrations in the GC region exhibited an increasing trend and followed by a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2018 (the turning point emerged in 2010). (2) The standard deviation ellipse analyses show that the spatial distributions of PM2.5 concentrations featured more and more concentrated over time, whereas, after the year 2010, the distributions gradually featured scattered. (3) The concentrations of PM2.5 exhibited the strong effects of local spatial autocorrelation and areas with "high-high" agglomeration were mainly located in the central and west regions of the GC region and gradually expanded to the north over time. (4) The areas of regions with rapidly increasing in PM2.5 concentrations gradually decreased over time, however, those with rapidly decreasing in PM2.5 concentrations increased. (5) The influences of the natural factors and socio-economic factors on the distributions of PM2.5 concentrations varied spatially. In detail, the elevation was negatively correlated with PM2.5 concentrations, whereas an opposite relationship between industrial structure and PM2.5 concentrations was observed. The coefficients of rainfall, population density, GDP per capita and foreign investment show different results in positive and negative correlations depending on the position.

Poverty-Reducing Growth Strategy in Poor Countries

2005 ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
Rodney Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural

This paper synthesizes and develops research undertaken by participants in The North-South Institute project, "Macroeconomic policy choices for growth and poverty reduction" in low- income developing countries.1 The project analysed the features of poverty and growth in seven poor countries of varying circumstances and proposed macroeconomic and growth policies for poverty reduction for them. The research was guided by the question: "How does poverty inform growth strategy?" Our research provides evidence of the channels through which growth and distribution or poverty processes depend on each other and respond to policy together. We encapsulate the messages of these case studies in the following six propositions, discussed at length in the paper: i) macroeconomic stability reduces poverty; ii) land redistribution enhances growth; iii) income poverty traps constrain growth; iv) urban-rural growth disparities drive income inequality; v) regional poverty traps resist growth, and vi) ley growth policies can aggravate poverty gaps.  The propositions suggest growth policies that may be either of two types in terms of impact on growth and distribution. They have the potential to enhance both growth and distribution (win-win) or to enhance growth while aggravating income gaps or vice versa (win-lose).

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Factors of the Urban-Rural Integration of China’s Shrinking Cities in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jiaxin He ◽  
Wai Li ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Based on the fundamental concept of sustainable development, this study empirically analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics, formation mechanisms and obstacle factors of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China, from 2008 to 2018. The conclusions are as follows: the overall level of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China is low; the internal differences of urban-rural integration are also small, and the changes are slow. Next, the space difference is high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north. Moreover, differences exist among different levels of urban agglomerations. Urban economic efficiency, urban resources and environment, urban social equity and rural economic efficiency are the main factors affecting the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China. Urban and rural economic efficiency are the two most prominent shortcomings that restrict the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities. The spatial resistance mode of each city is more than the two-system resistance; the main resistance of shrinking cities with a higher level of urban-rural integration also comes from the non-economic field. This study expands the research scope that up till now has ignored the discussion of urban-rural issues in the research of shrinking cities at home and abroad, and provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of shrinking cities in China.

scholarly journals How does the urban–rural income gap affect the quality of China’s economic growth?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Ren ◽  
Xiaojing Chao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Growth Quality

Purpose Based on the theoretical definition of the quality of economic growth as well as the availability and reliability of the given data, the purpose of this paper is to build an evaluation system of a regional economic growth quality on three levels: conditions, processes and results. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of economic quality, this paper offers a theoretical interpretation on how the urban–rural income gap affects the quality of economic growth and takes an empirical test on the sample panel data from 30 provinces and regions through difference GMM and system GMM models. Findings The results show that the excessively large income gap will influence economic growth in terms of the foundation, operation and the outcome, thereby, restricting the quality of economic growth. In addition, investments in human and physical capital and improvements in terms of transport infrastructure, industrial structure and economic openness play an active role in economic growth quality, whereas government expenditure scale, financial development and the deviation of industrial structure have a negative effect. Originality/value There has been a substantial amount of experience and evidence on the research about the issue of China’s income distribution and the quantity of economic growth, whereas there are relatively fewer discussions about the income distribution and the quality of economic growth. This paper, based on what has been mentioned above, tries to give a theoretical interpretation and an empirical test to describe the relationship between urban–rural income gap and the quality of economic growth from the quality point of view.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Divergence and Driving Mechanisms of Urban-Rural Sustainable Development: An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Chao Wei ◽  
Zuo Zhang ◽  
Sheng Ye ◽  
Mengxi Hong ◽  
Wenwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Coordination Degree ◽  
New Urbanization

China’s long-standing urban-rural dichotomy has led to a widening gap between urban and rural areas, posing a huge challenge to the sustainable development of Chinese society. This paper adopted the subjective-objective weighting method, coupled coordination degree model, and geographically weighted regression model to conduct urban-rural sustainable development research on 31 provincial administrative regions in China and discussed their spatial-temporal divergence and driving mechanisms during 2007–2018. The results showed that (1) the quality of both rural revitalization and new urbanization improved during the study period, and the gap between them showed a trend of increasing after fluctuations. Both of them had significant spatial and temporal divergence characteristics. (2) The urban-rural coupling coordination degree in China continued to increase during the study period and showed an overall pattern of “high in the east-west and low in the north and southwest”. The changes of relative development type indicated that new urbanization had far surpassed rural revitalization during the study period. (3) The coefficients of driving factors varied significantly in space, showing a hierarchical band distribution. Seven of the eight driving factors showed a strong positive correlation in the vast majority of regions. The results and suggestions of this research can further promote the organic combination of rural revitalization and new urbanization strategy, which is of great practical significance for narrowing the urban-rural gap and realizing sustainable urban-rural development. Likewise, it can be a reference for other developing countries around the world.

Decomposition analysis of water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region between 2003 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-634
Author(s):  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Siyang Hong ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Xiayue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Factor Decomposition

Abstract Water crisis is prominent in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, therefore, the internal relations between water utilization changes and socioeconomic development must be urgently analysed. Based on analyses of the spatiotemporal characteristics of total water utilization, the factors that influenced changes in industrial water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2003 to 2016 were studied using a factor decomposition model. The results show that the scaling effect (SCE) increased water utilization by 31.78 billion m3 over those 13 years and was the only driving effect that caused industrial water utilization to increase. The structural effect (STE) and technological effect (TEE) reduced industrial water utilization by 14.93 and 20.44 billion m3, respectively. The TEE was the main reason for the decrease in industrial water utilization in Beijing, accounting for a reduction of 96.5% in total industrial water utilization. The STE was stronger than TEE in Tianjin, with associated decreases of 94.65% and 90.1% in total industrial water utilization, respectively. In Hebei, the STE and TEE reduced total industrial water utilization by 60.23% and 85.46%, respectively. Adjusting the industrial structure and promoting water-saving technology are efficient methods of alleviating the water shortage in the study area.

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