scholarly journals Should All Cars Be Electric by 2025? The Electric Car Debate in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ortar ◽  
Marianne Ryghaug
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Online Debate ◽  
Engine Power

The car is still the most common mode of transport in Western countries, particularly so across the European Union, as it accounts for about two-thirds of daily commuting. So far, measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel (walking, cycling, etc.) have had little effect. Moreover, the car lies at the core of a very complex system that has proven to be difficult to unlock. In light of these challenges, using new types of engine power may appear to be a solution. Electric vehicles have the potential to improve the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of the transport system. However, there remains much uncertainty as to how such a transition from one type of engine to another may unfold, and where it could take place within the European context. In June 2017, the H2020 project SHAPE-ENERGY launched an online debate on the Debating Europe platform with the question: “Should all cars be electric by 2025?”. The aim of the debate was to elicit citizens views on whether the goal could be reached, how and with which consequences. The diversity of the vantage points that have appeared in the subsequent discussion generated by the strands of debate allows us to bring into discussion the viewpoints and arguments that are not often addressed in the literature on the adoption of electric cars in a comprehensive way. The article sheds light on those debates across Europe, in order to bring new insights to European policymakers that are seeking to promote the market for electric vehicles. It also broadens the scope and offers important contributions to scholarly debates on the diffusion and adoption of such vehicles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Technology Transition ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Electro Mobility

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.

The Evaluation of Opportunities for the Development of Access for Charging Electric Vehicles in the Territory of Apartment Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Palevičius ◽  
Tomas Karpavičius ◽  
Mantas Kaušylas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Electric Car

The beginning of 21th century is extremely important for developed countries because of the reduction of their dependence on fossil fuels. The biggest vehicle manufacturing companies are planning to start selling at least one model of electric vehicle and it is expected that by 2025 approximately 10% of the new cars sold worldwide will be electric. In order to reach this goal, some countries are successfully executing an effective electric transport development policy: to create a publicly accessible network for charging electric vehicles, pay incentives for purchasing an electric car, create free of charge parking places and implement other encouraging measures. While analysing world trends it has been noted that the majority of electric cars owners live in private houses. This is due to the fact that people who are living in apartment buildings and planning on purchasing an electric car come across multiple issues when it comes to charging the car at their living area at night. Therefore, the aim of this article is to evaluate the opportunities of developing access points for charging electric cars around the territory of apartment buildings. To achieve this we have raised these main objectives: have the EU member states already foreseen the necessary measures ensuring comfortable charging of electric cars in the territory of apartment buildings?; have the plans for the development of charging facilities in the territory of apartment buildings already been prepared?; which new technologies will be used for the safe charging of electric cars?

A Transformative Practice? Meaning, Competence, and Material Aspects of Driving Electric Cars in Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Ryghaug ◽  
Marit Toftaker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Car Driving

This article focuses on the introduction of electric vehicles in Norway and how electrical cars are understood culturally in relation to conventional car use. Theoretically, elements of social practice theory and the analysis of processes of domestication are combined to frame practical, cognitive, and symbolic dimensions of electric car use. The empirical data consists of individual and focus group interviews with electric car users. The analysis unpacks the implications of user-designated meaning in driving practices, competencies considered necessary when driving electric cars, and the material aspects regarded as critical features of electric car driving. Preliminary findings suggest that the practice of electric car driving alters user habits by making transportation needs more salient and raises both the technological and energy consumption awareness of users.

scholarly journals MODERN ELECTRIC CARS OF TESLA MOTORS COMPANY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Vynakov ◽  
E. V. Savolova ◽  
A. I. Skrynnyk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
History Of

This overview article shows the advantages of a modern electric car as compared with internal combustion cars by the example of the electric vehicles of Tesla Motors Company. It (в смысле- статья) describes the history of this firm, provides technical and tactical characteristics of three modifications of electric vehicles produced by Tesla Motors. Modern electric cars are not less powerful than cars with combustion engines both in speed and acceleration amount. They are reliable, economical and safe in operation. With every year the maximum range of an electric car is increasing and its battery charging time is decreasing.Solving the problem of environmental safety, the governments of most countries are trying to encourage people to switch to electric cars by creating subsidy programs, lending and abolition of taxation. Therefore, the advent of an electric vehicle in all major cities of the world is inevitable.

scholarly journals New goods demand patterns in digital economy environment: The case of electric vehicles in Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bozhuk ◽  
Nataliia Krasnostavskaia
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
New Goods ◽  
The One ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
Near Future

The trend of using electric vehicles is changing the automotive industry. Electric cars are becoming the most environmentally friendly replacement for combustion vehicles. Knowing the preferences of potential consumers will allow developing effective solutions to create demand for this product. Generating demand should be based on estimating its potential and shaping the consumer profile of this type of transport for market of each country. New goods need special methods to generate demand, since their potential buyers have difficulties in purchase decision making. This paper presents results of a study on prospects in Russia for such new goods as electric vehicles. The study identified factors that ultimately determine the interest of those Russian consumers who have the financial ability to purchase electric vehicles in the near future in electric vehicles. The study demonstrates that consumer prejudices are still there against difficulties in operating electric vehicles. The study confirmed that a number of factors affect the purchase of an electric car in Russia. Expanding the presence of electric vehicles in carsharing companies will significantly improve experience in using this type of transport by potential users. Generating the demand for electric vehicles by applying influence marketing tools is the one of the best solutions.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Electric Car Charging on LV Grids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEERIN AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car

The market for electric cars is presently limited but it is expected to increase rapidly due to the increased environmental concern and technological advancements. Currently, car companies are designing electric cars for daily urban use, therefore in the near future, urban areas might have a large number of electric cars running on their streets during the day. It is obvious that these electric cars need to be recharged for further use which will be done in the evening or during the night. Due to their high-energy capacity, mass deployment of electric cars will have a significant impact on the distribution system, mostly on the LV grid by affecting the network voltage profiles and the loading of the grid elements such as transformer, etc. This impact will call the design of electric cars interface devices and the way future distribution system will be designed and controlled. In this thesis, we discussed briefly the technology behind the electric vehicles, different components, and working operation of EVs, most commonly used batteries and time to charge these batteries. We also discussed the different levels of charging and the required charging infrastructure to charge the EVs. In the next part, we have focused on the global market of EVs, especially in the European Union and Hungary, and the electric grid in Hungary, the present status of current load and future load in Budapest and in the country. Then we discussed the impacts caused by EVs on the grid and mitigation of these impacts by using different methods. Finally, we model the LV grid in the DigSilent Powerfactory software with parameters such as power factor and base active power of household loads and electric cars. Then, we run the load flow analysis to know how the power flows across each load varies and time-sweep analysis to know the loading on the transformer, voltages, and currents at different bus-bars and terminals. Then, we analyzed the obtained results to acquire the possible issues that electric car charging might have on the LV grid.

scholarly journals Promotion of Electric Mobility in the European Union—Overview of Project PROMETEUS from the Perspective of Cohesion through Synergistic Cooperation on the Example of the Catching-Up Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
František Pollák ◽  
Josef Vodák ◽  
Jakub Soviar ◽  
Peter Markovič ◽  
Gianluca Lentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Structural Funds

This project report presents the rationale and the first results as regards the ongoing learning process of the PROMETEUS (PROMotion of EmobiliTy in EU regionS) project, co-financed by the Interreg Europe program, in the context of EU policies and programs dedicated to the promotion of sustainable mobility, and electric mobility in particular. Electric mobility, and in general low-carbon mobility, is one of the main targets of the European Union’s policies dedicated to a green transition. Despite continuous efforts, the number of electric cars in circulation remains low and the objectives of expanding the market for such vehicles by 2030 are still far from being fulfilled. Up until 2018, the share of electric vehicles was in fact only 1.5% of total car sales in the EU. Specifically, it has been noted that an increase in the uptake of electric vehicles in Europe is hampered by the presence of three main barriers: affordability, infrastructure availability, and lack of investments. In this context, project PROMETEUS has aimed at tackling the lacunae in the availability of infrastructures for a transition towards electric mobility in the partnership’s regions, namely, Carinthia in Austria, Castilla y León in Spain, Lazio in Italy, Malta, and Prešov in Slovakia, and at countering low awareness in the public through the improvement of policy instruments linked to structural funds. In order to approach and clarify the process of improvement of those policy instruments, we have summarized and presented the reference results and outputs from the Action Plans across the partners. Moreover, the report discusses in detail the output of the regional Action Plan of the one of project partners—the Prešov region, as the form of a model example—as the initial situation in terms of infrastructure development in the region posing as the biggest challenge for the project. Managerial as well as research summaries can be helpful in the implementation of similar projects; in the continuous improvement of policy instruments; and, last but not least, in the formulation of new challenges to improve awareness of sustainable forms of transport.

scholarly journals Research of electric car dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lyutenko ◽  
Mykola Nesterenko ◽  
Hryhoriy Durachenko ◽  
Mykola Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Elastic Links ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Electromagnetic Processes ◽  
Electric Motor Drive ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

Recently, electric vehicles are becoming widespread throughout the world, so the research is relevant. The results of performedresearches of dynamics electric car on the basis of ZAZ-1102 are presented. The calculation method of dynamic loadsin electric and mechanical systems of electric cars is developed. The technique considers the electromagnetic processes in theengine, the elasticity of the elastic parts, the oscillatory processes, and damping in the elastic links. On the basis of the developedmathematical model and using the mathematical software apparatus MathCAD, calculations of transients in the electricand mechanical systems have been obtained, based on the obtained results of the research, the constructed graphs.The obtained results of the study of the electric motor drive mechanism can be used for designing, calculating and determiningthe dynamic loads of electric cars and their hybrids.

Comparison of Green House Gases Emitted by Electrical and Gasoline Cars, Taking Into Consideration Performance

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui Vincent Wong ◽  
Nicolas Perilla
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Green House Gases ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Green House ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

The goal of this study is to add to the understanding of the overall emissions caused by cars using both gasoline and existing alternative fuels. We will include the emission from the vehicle itself and also from upstream sources, primarily the source of the energy used to actually move the vehicle. The fact that electric motors have better efficiencies than internal combustion engines and the fact that power plants usually have higher thermal efficiencies than an engine seems to suggest that that the electric vehicle will be the more efficient in terms of emissions per vehicle kilometer. The complexities of vehicle propulsion become evident when one compares all the details of the available options, such as electric vehicles have to transport extra weight in batteries to increase performance. In this work we evaluate the emissions from electric and gasoline vehicles that are on the road. The data shows under most conditions the current vehicles have lower emissions than gasoline cars in terms of kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilometer. The different propulsion systems are then evaluated in how they would perform in moving a standardized vehicle including the system itself through a standardized cycle, to assess whether differences in emissions are the result of the system itself or other design differences. This study found that while in general the electric vehicle is better, the source of the electricity is a crucial factor in the determination. It is found that the cars currently being produced produce less green house gases than the gasoline cars on the average. In fact two of the four cars performed better even at the highest possible emission levels. While this casts a positive light on the electric car, it is a simplistic way of looking at the data. The calculations also show that the performance levels of the gasoline cars are much higher than the electric cars; this could be the main reason for the lower emissions of electric cars. The second part of this study is focused on quantifying the differences in emissions by studying that from a standardized car in all 50 states and D.C. These differences arise from the different levels of emissions owing to the variety of combinations of methods used and the methods themselves in the generation of electricity within the 51 regions. An analysis is done on of the most efficient car that could be made with commercially available products. The results show the dependence of actual emission on the energy source. Although the national, California, Florida and lowest averages all beat the performance of the gasoline vehicle, the gasoline car won if the electric car was operated in D.C. using electricity generated in the D.C. Results for the electric car in all 51 regions and for the gasoline car have been obtained. There is an implication that lower specific power would result in more states where electric vehicles will emit more green house gases. Assuming that new cars do use the higher specific power batteries, electric vehicles will produce less green house gases than gasoline vehicles at a national level.

Recent Development of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 968-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chao Yu ◽  
Chun Guang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Drive Motor

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the demand for gasoline increases sharply. The gasoline cars cause serious environmental pollution. The application of electric vehicles can solve these problems. In this paper, the significance for developing electric cars is stressed first. Then the recent progresses in developing electric car battery, charging technology, drive motor are summarized. Different type of batteries and charging methods are introduced and their feasibilities are analyzed. The future trend of electric vehicles has been discussed as well. With the development of key technologies in electric car manufacture, todays energy and environmental problems will be solved to a large extent.

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