scholarly journals Promotion of Electric Mobility in the European Union—Overview of Project PROMETEUS from the Perspective of Cohesion through Synergistic Cooperation on the Example of the Catching-Up Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
František Pollák ◽  
Josef Vodák ◽  
Jakub Soviar ◽  
Peter Markovič ◽  
Gianluca Lentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Structural Funds

This project report presents the rationale and the first results as regards the ongoing learning process of the PROMETEUS (PROMotion of EmobiliTy in EU regionS) project, co-financed by the Interreg Europe program, in the context of EU policies and programs dedicated to the promotion of sustainable mobility, and electric mobility in particular. Electric mobility, and in general low-carbon mobility, is one of the main targets of the European Union’s policies dedicated to a green transition. Despite continuous efforts, the number of electric cars in circulation remains low and the objectives of expanding the market for such vehicles by 2030 are still far from being fulfilled. Up until 2018, the share of electric vehicles was in fact only 1.5% of total car sales in the EU. Specifically, it has been noted that an increase in the uptake of electric vehicles in Europe is hampered by the presence of three main barriers: affordability, infrastructure availability, and lack of investments. In this context, project PROMETEUS has aimed at tackling the lacunae in the availability of infrastructures for a transition towards electric mobility in the partnership’s regions, namely, Carinthia in Austria, Castilla y León in Spain, Lazio in Italy, Malta, and Prešov in Slovakia, and at countering low awareness in the public through the improvement of policy instruments linked to structural funds. In order to approach and clarify the process of improvement of those policy instruments, we have summarized and presented the reference results and outputs from the Action Plans across the partners. Moreover, the report discusses in detail the output of the regional Action Plan of the one of project partners—the Prešov region, as the form of a model example—as the initial situation in terms of infrastructure development in the region posing as the biggest challenge for the project. Managerial as well as research summaries can be helpful in the implementation of similar projects; in the continuous improvement of policy instruments; and, last but not least, in the formulation of new challenges to improve awareness of sustainable forms of transport.

scholarly journals Towards a Circular Economy Taxation Framework: Expectations and Challenges of Implementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Milios
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Tax Relief

AbstractThe transition to a circular economy is a complex process requiring wide multi-level and multi-stakeholder engagement and can be facilitated by appropriate policy interventions. Taking stock of the importance of a well-balanced policy mix that includes a variety of complementing policy instruments, the circular economy action plan of the European Union (COM(2020) 98 final) includes a section about “getting the economics right” in which it encourages the application of economic instruments. This contribution presents a comprehensive taxation framework, applied across the life cycle of products. The framework includes (1) a raw material resource tax, (2) reuse/repair tax relief, and (3) a waste hierarchy tax at the end of life of products. The research is based on a mixed method approach, using different sources to analyse the different measures in the framework. More mature concepts, such as material resource taxes, are analysed by reviewing the existing literature. The analysis of tax relief on repairs is based on interviews with stakeholders in Sweden, where this economic policy instrument has been implemented since 2017. Finally, for the waste hierarchy tax, which is a novel proposition in this contribution, macroeconomic modelling is used to analyse potential impacts of future implementation. In all cases, several implementation challenges are identified, and potential solutions are discussed according to literature and empirical sources. Further research is required both at the individual instrument and at the framework level. Each of the tax proposals needs a more detailed examination for its specificities of implementation, following the results of this study.

scholarly journals Behavioral Facilitation of a Transition to Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Enker ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
High Level ◽  
Building Policy

Reducing carbon emissions from the building sector is an international policy priority, as a consequence of the Paris Climate Accord obligations. The challenge for policy makers is to identify and deploy effective policy instruments targeting this sector. Examining the mechanics of policy operation in the residential sector is particularly instructive, because of the high level of building activity, diverse stakeholders, and complex policy considerations—involving both consumers and industry stakeholders. Energy policy initiatives undertaken by the European Union provide pertinent case studies; as does the operation of Australia’s national building code. The paper builds upon earlier research examining the application of socio-economic transition theory to the regulation of the building sector. Here, building policy options are examined from a behavioral economics perspective, where stakeholder actions in response to strategic initiatives are considered in socio-psychological terms. The application of behavioral economics principles to building policy has the potential to impact all of the stages of the building lifecycle, from design through construction to operation. The analysis reveals how decision-making by building industry stakeholders diverges substantially from the assumptions of conventional economics. Significant implications then arise for the framing of building sector climate and energy policies, because behavioral economics has the potential to both contribute to the critical re-appraisal of current policies, and also to provide innovative options for refining interventions at key stages in the building lifecycle.

scholarly journals The development status of electric (BEV) and hydrogen (FCEV) passenger cars park in the world and new research possibilities of these cars in real traffic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech GIS ◽  
Jerzy MERKISZ
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
The Eu

Major markets across the European Union (EU) are concentrated on rapid development of electromobility. This policy is demon-strated – among others – by recent sales of electric cars: within the past 3 quarters of 2018 – 24.7 thousand electric cars have been registered in Germany, 20.3 thousand in France, 15.3 thousand in the Netherlands and 31.4 thousand in Norway. Unfortunately, only 867 EVs have been registered in Hungary, 469 in the Czech Republic, 468 in Romania, 411 in Poland and 348 in Slovenia. Unit energy consumption of electric cars was often defined in NEDC cycle. In real conditions of road traffic, it may differ from val-ues recorded in a drive cycle. The article presents results of a study on energy consumption of electric cars in Poland along RDE (Real Driving Emissions) testing route in terms of vehicle energy consumption per drive unit (km, 100 km). The use of fuel cells in cars may bring a change in the type of used vehicles in the long run. Both globally and in the EU wide-ranging actions are undertaken to imple-ment fuel cell technology. Also, the infrastructure of hydrogen filling stations is developed. At present the most rapidly developing coun-try in this area is Japan. The article addresses the issue of energy consumption per drive unit by cars equipped with fuel cells as both type of vehicles, i.e. EV and FCV use electric motors. The article also discusses infrastructure development in the EU and Poland, charg-ing and fuelling of the said vehicles, respectively.

scholarly journals Innovative management of projects for electric mobility development: foreign experience and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Serhii KHARIN ◽  
Hanna PURII
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Vehicle Production

The research considers various aspects of electric vehicle production in some leading foreign countries. Dynamics of specific weight of electric vehicles in total transport and its forecast indices are under analysis considering those of the countries planning complete transition to electric mobility. Urgency of building an expanded network of charging stations of various capacity is pointed out. It is revealed that Volkswagen, the world largest automobile concern, is going to introduce much more new designs of electric vehicles than it considered before – 70 instead of 50 by 2028. It is planned to produce more electric vehicles – from 15 to 22mln in the decade to follow. Besides, the share of electric vehicles in the concern’s total production is to exceed 40% by 2030. It is indicated that 44bln euros will be invested into designing new VW automobiles in the nearest 5 years. It is significant that in many foreign countries there are subsidies and tax reduction for electric vehicle owners which are used as an important tool of the state’ incentives. Besides, special attention is paid to improvement and development of production of batteries for electric cars, especially in the EU countries. The authors suggest schemes of elaborating electric mobile innovations and power supply for electric mobility providing green and economic solutions for generating power for electric cars by wind generators. Potential production of Ukrainian electric cars is under analysis. It is highlighted that electric vehicle production allows combining two economically beneficial factors – innovative character of a product and its large-scale production. In this case, there will be a novelty effect and huge unsatisfied demand as well as scale saving.

scholarly journals Marketing analysis of the electromobile market as a factor in the innovation of the national economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Bolhov ◽  
Allam Yousuf ◽  
Albina Batechko ◽  
Larisa Hlushchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Market

The marketing development of the electric vehicle market can be considered as a key element of innovative changes in the national economy. Object of research is the development of the electric vehicle market. The purpose of this article is the theoretical substantiation and development of guidelines for determining the rating of countries by the level of development of this market as a determining factor in the innovative development of the national economy. In the study, expert survey methods, logical generalization and comparison of results, statistical analysis and graphical presentation of results were used. The study conducted a marketing analysis of sales and production of electric cars, government programs to stimulate them, existing rating indicators of countries for the development of the electric vehicle market, and based on the results, a method for determining the integrated rating indicator of national economy innovativeness was developed. The article established that in countries that are world economic leaders, the growing interest of consumers and manufacturers of cars to electric vehicles, which is actively supported by government programs and incentives. It is proposed to use a integrated indicator of innovative development of the national economy, which are directly related to the market of electric vehicles. This indicator consists of the following factors: share of investments in the development of branches related to the national production of electric vehicles; level of growth of electric transport in the country’s total fleet; the share of electric vehicles in total number of cars produced in the country; level of increase in the amount of electricity produced based on RES in total; infrastructure development; level of state support for the market. The use of these integrated factors in marketing analysis will determine the level of the world leader in the country, its innovative development.

scholarly journals Should All Cars Be Electric by 2025? The Electric Car Debate in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ortar ◽  
Marianne Ryghaug
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Online Debate ◽  
Engine Power

The car is still the most common mode of transport in Western countries, particularly so across the European Union, as it accounts for about two-thirds of daily commuting. So far, measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel (walking, cycling, etc.) have had little effect. Moreover, the car lies at the core of a very complex system that has proven to be difficult to unlock. In light of these challenges, using new types of engine power may appear to be a solution. Electric vehicles have the potential to improve the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of the transport system. However, there remains much uncertainty as to how such a transition from one type of engine to another may unfold, and where it could take place within the European context. In June 2017, the H2020 project SHAPE-ENERGY launched an online debate on the Debating Europe platform with the question: “Should all cars be electric by 2025?”. The aim of the debate was to elicit citizens views on whether the goal could be reached, how and with which consequences. The diversity of the vantage points that have appeared in the subsequent discussion generated by the strands of debate allows us to bring into discussion the viewpoints and arguments that are not often addressed in the literature on the adoption of electric cars in a comprehensive way. The article sheds light on those debates across Europe, in order to bring new insights to European policymakers that are seeking to promote the market for electric vehicles. It also broadens the scope and offers important contributions to scholarly debates on the diffusion and adoption of such vehicles.

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AS A PART OF AN OVERALL STRATEGY TOWARDS GREEN URBAN ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (0) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Monika Bąk ◽  
Maria Makolska-Tenold
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
General Term ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Green City

This article creates a link between the general term of green urban economy and sectoral exemplification of sustainability in transport. The objective is to prove that a green city cannot exist without sustainable mobility and complex actions at different decision-making levels are needed. The authors start from discussing the terms of green economy, green urban economy, and sectoral sustainability. The genesis and development of the green urban economy concept including the sustainable transport in cities are analysed through literature reviews and critical assessment of policy documents, and both these issues are treated as interconnected and interdependent. Special emphasis is placed on determining the roles of policy makers at different levels (international, national, regional and local) equipped with appropriate policy instruments. As a case study at the local level, the development of electric cars (EV) in Norway is presented. The article argues that transport solutions can be recognised as essential elements at each level of interaction in urban policy and sustainable mobility solutions can determine the implementation efficiency of a whole green city package.

scholarly journals Forks in the Road to E-Mobility: An Evaluation of Instrument Interaction in National Policy Mixes in Northwest Europe

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Dijk ◽  
Eric Iversen ◽  
Antje Klitkou ◽  
René Kemp ◽  
Simon Bolwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Conditional Effects ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Coordinated Charging

This paper evaluates how policy shaped the emergence of electric mobility in three countries, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark, between 2010 and 2015. Whereas previous studies have looked at the effects of separate policy instruments, this paper gives insights in the interaction effects of instruments on the diffusion of battery electric cars between five policy areas. Based on analysis of synergetic, contradictory and pre-conditional effects, we find that an effective policy mix includes: fiscal incentives that mirror the actual carbon footprint of the respective vehicles; non-fiscal demand-side incentives; centrally financed and/or coordinated charging infrastructure; clarity regarding the choice of technology that will be supported. Moreover, development of a domestic, e-mobility-related industry and a high share of renewable energy strengthens the legitimization of e-mobility support. The findings help designing policy mixes in the transition to electric mobility.

scholarly journals Effective business models for electric vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Ileana Gavrilescu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency ◽  
The One

Abstract The proposed study aims to use asyncretic and synthetic approach of two elements that have an intrinsic efficiency value: business models and electric vehicles. Our approach seeks to circumscribe more widespread concerns globally - on the one hand, to oil shortages and climate change - and on the other hand, economic efficiency to business models customized to new types of mobility. New “electric” cars projects besiege the traditional position of the conventional car. In the current economy context the concept of efficiency of business models is quite different from what it meant in a traditional sense, particularly because of new technological fields. The arguments put forward by us will be both factual and emotional. Therefore, we rely on interviews and questionnaires designed to fit significantly to the point of the study. Research in the field of new propulsion systems for vehicles has been exploring various possibilities lately, such as: electricity, hydrogen, compressed air, biogas, etc. Theoretically or in principle, it is possible for tomorrow’s vehicles to be driven by the widest variety if resources. A primary goal of our study would be to theoretically reconsider some of the contemporary entrepreneurship coordinates and secondly to provide minimum guidance for decision-making of businesses that will operate in the field of electric mobility. To achieve this, we shall specifically analyze an electric mobility system but in parallel we will address business models that lend themselves effectively on aspects of this field. With a methodology based on questionnaires that had to overcome the conventional mechanism using some of the most unusual ingredients, we hope that the results of our research will successfully constitute a contribution to the goals and especially as a means of managerial orientation for entrepreneurs in the Romanian market.

Influence of the EU Circular Economy Action Plan on Turkey's Energy Policy and Investments in Renewables

2021 ◽  
pp. 1634-1656
Author(s):  
Esin Okay
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Future ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

The European Union Circular Economy Action Plan is a new enactment but rapidly growing to transform EU economies into more sustainable sources and surroundings adopting measures that include renewable energy investments and low carbon strategy. As the world still faces huge environmental changes and climate problems, energy remains the major issue for both economic and ecological sustainability. Low carbon energy strategy is the main target for EU circular economy enforcing renewable energy sources which are healthy, clean, and cheap. In this chapter, circular energy act and its development in Turkey are explored and questioned. The study emphasizes the great potential of renewables in Turkey and shows that there is still much to be done to transform the energy market in order to adopt circular economy in the future. Barriers of economic risks and lack of cultural awareness strongly challenge the progress of Turkey in energy solutions. And more than that, those problems trigger the financial concerns limiting the future energy projects.

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