scholarly journals The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Technology Transition ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Electro Mobility

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.

scholarly journals The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO2 Emissions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Antoni Świć ◽  
Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Car Market ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the dynamics of the development of the electromobility sector in Poland in the context of the European Union and due to the economic situation and development of the electromobility sector in the contexts of Switzerland and Norway. On the basis of obtained data, a forecast was made which foresees the most likely outlook of the electric car market in the coming years. The forecast was made using the creeping trend method, and extended up to 2030. As part of the analysis of the effect of the impact of electromobility, an original method was proposed for calculating the primary energy factor (PEF) primary energy ratio in the European Union and in its individual countries, which illustrates the conversion efficiency of primary energy into electricity and the overall efficiency of the power system. The original method was also verified, referring to the methods proposed by the Fraunhofer-Institut. On the basis of all previous actions and analyses, an assessment was made of the impact of the development of the electromobility sector on air quality in the countries studied. Carbon dioxide tank-to-wheels emission reductions which result from the conversion of the car fleet from conventional vehicles to electric motors were then calculated. In addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, other pollutant emissions were also calculated, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). The increase in the demand for electricity resulting from the needs of electric vehicles was also estimated. On this basis, and also on the basis of previously calculated primary energy coefficients, the emission reduction values have been adjusted for additional emissions resulting from the generation of electricity in power plants.

scholarly journals Should All Cars Be Electric by 2025? The Electric Car Debate in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ortar ◽  
Marianne Ryghaug
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Online Debate ◽  
Engine Power

The car is still the most common mode of transport in Western countries, particularly so across the European Union, as it accounts for about two-thirds of daily commuting. So far, measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel (walking, cycling, etc.) have had little effect. Moreover, the car lies at the core of a very complex system that has proven to be difficult to unlock. In light of these challenges, using new types of engine power may appear to be a solution. Electric vehicles have the potential to improve the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of the transport system. However, there remains much uncertainty as to how such a transition from one type of engine to another may unfold, and where it could take place within the European context. In June 2017, the H2020 project SHAPE-ENERGY launched an online debate on the Debating Europe platform with the question: “Should all cars be electric by 2025?”. The aim of the debate was to elicit citizens views on whether the goal could be reached, how and with which consequences. The diversity of the vantage points that have appeared in the subsequent discussion generated by the strands of debate allows us to bring into discussion the viewpoints and arguments that are not often addressed in the literature on the adoption of electric cars in a comprehensive way. The article sheds light on those debates across Europe, in order to bring new insights to European policymakers that are seeking to promote the market for electric vehicles. It also broadens the scope and offers important contributions to scholarly debates on the diffusion and adoption of such vehicles.

The Short-Run Effects of the General Data Protection Regulation on Technology Venture Investment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jia ◽  
Ginger Zhe Jin ◽  
Liad Wagman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Venture Investment ◽  
Short Run ◽  
General Data

Jia et al. study the effects of the General Data Protection Regulation on technology venture investment in the European Union.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Output of Company Products to the European Union Market

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Given

The transition to a new technological structure, the intensification of economic processes and globalization have become the reason for the growth of competitive pressure. It requires mobility, modernity, and instant response to market challenges by improving existing products and creating a new one. The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the framework of a scientific discussion on the development of a strategy for the output of the enterprise to the markets of the European Union in order to increase their competitiveness and ensure their entry into the global value added chains. The main objective of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions on the sequence of actions in the output of the company to the markets of the European Union and the disclosure of key aspects of this process. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the work of many scholars on the subject of research in the article, the essence of marketing policy of the enterprise is disclosed. PE «Autostenterprise» was selected as the object of the study, for which a list of priority strategic measures for the company has been formed at the stage of entering the European markets. As a result of the study, the argumentation of needs was made and the peculiarities of the conditions of the exit of PE «Autostenterprise» to the European market were determined. The estimation of the strategic position of PE «Autostenterprise» in the market of charging devices for electric cars is shown, which testifies to the high level of its competitiveness; an estimation of activity of the main competitor of PE «Autostenterprise» on the European market – the Dutch company ABB – is carried out. The reasons and difficulties of the PE «Autostenterprise» on the European market are outlined. The main problems, which do not allow to fully realize export potential of the company, are generalized. A set of measures for the enterprise was developed at the exit to the external market in the conditions of European integration. Directions of further researches on the given problem are development of the marketing strategy of the enterprise in order to promote its products to foreign markets.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN UNION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE: ROADS AND RAILWAYS SUBSECTORS CASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Ignas Lukosevicius ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Physical Type

This article tests transport infrastructure‘s roads and railways subsectors impact on economic growth in the European Union during the 1990-2017 years time span. The latest public infrastructure investments trends in those subsectors are analyzed as well. Article’s empirical research encompasses all 28 European Union countries (at that time) data, and fills the gap of such researches in roads and railways subsectors case in the full European Union area. Proxy variables used for roads and railways subsectors are physical type, but with ability to encompass the usage of chosen infrastructure subsectors. It is a new feature in such type of researches, which usually uses either raw physical or raw monetary type of infrastructure variables. The research results show that both roads and railways subsectors have positive short run impact on economic growth in the European Union. Results are almost the same, with overall elasticity coefficients in both subsectors. Though post-2009 public infrastructure investments in these subsectors show declining pattern, in the overall situation‘s context there is no need to worry about it yet.

scholarly journals CAFE regulations and the overview of the passenger car market within the European Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Međurečan ◽  
◽  
Matija Sikirić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Future Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Negative Impacts

Vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) currently represent the most prevalent form of road transport. Although level of emission per vehicle have drastically decreased, their emissions have significant impacts on the environment and health. The emergence of vehicles powered by more environmentally friendly systems has resulted in a change in perceptions, as they result in a reduction in pollution and other negative impacts of the transport system. It is for this reason that the goal has been set, to reduce the market for vehicles with only internal combustion and focus on encouraging the purchase of more sustainable options. The aim of this paper is to review the regulations in the field of passenger car markets in the European Union, and to establish historical trends, as well as to identify goals for future market development.

scholarly journals Economic implications of energy security in the short run

Ekonomika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Šumskis ◽  
Vincentas Giedraitis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Panel Var ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Run

Energy security is one of the primary goals of the European Union energy policy as the region relies mostly on imports to meet its energy resources demand. In 2013, the share of the net imported energy resources was as high as 54.5% of total energy consumption in the 28 member states of the European Union. Research on energy security involves a detailed analysis of economic, technological, and socio-political factors. The main objective of this study is to find out the economic consequences in the short run due to changes in the level of the security of energy resources supply. In order to acquire quantitative measures of the research object, the energy security index calculation methodology proposed by Jansen et al. (2004) is applied. To explore what effects, if any, energy security has on the economy of the EU, five economic indicators, with which the probable short-term impact of energy security is the most likely, are distinguished: real GDP, inflation, current account balance, foreign direct investment, and employment. Granger causality tests of the panel VAR model reveal that in the short run employment may be negatively affected by energy security. The effect itself is relatively small and short-lived. No short term causality is observed running from energy security towards the remaining macroeconomic variables of the panel VAR model. Such conclusions would suggest making the European Union energy policy decisions without prioritizing possible swings of the energy security level in the short run.

scholarly journals Management of Waste Batteries and Accumulators: Quest of European Union Goals

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6273
Author(s):  
Zbysław Dobrowolski ◽  
Łukasz Sułkowski ◽  
Wiesław Danielak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Management System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
European Union Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Oversight System

Energy issues are multifaceted and are not limited to power plants, biogas plants or transmission lines. They also include the production, usage and utilisation of batteries and accumulators, which are increasingly valuable due to, among other things, the decision to develop the production of electric cars. This article creates new ground by analysing the European Union management system of batteries and accumulators in the cause–effect context. This paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case—a deep analysis of the Polish management system of batteries and accumulators. The findings show that the public institutions in the analysed European Union Member State—Poland—were not ready to create a fully coherent and effective oversight system on managing batteries and accumulators. It may limit the reliability of the European Union’s reporting on battery and accumulator management, which is a part of the European energy policy. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing a theory of energy resource management; second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive management system of waste batteries and accumulators, which is an important part of the European Battery Alliance. Moreover, the avenues for further research emerged from the present study.

scholarly journals Perspectives for Mitigation of CO2 Emission due to Development of Electromobility in Several Countries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Electric Cars

The creep trend method is used for the analysis of the development of electric car production in three regions: The United States, the European Union and Japan. Based on vehicle registration and population growth data for each year the creep trend method using historical data for the years 2007–2017 is applied for forecasting development up to 2030. Moreover, the original method for calculating the primary energy factor (PEF) was applied to the analysis of power engineering systems in the regions investigated. The assessment of the effects of electromobility development on air quality has been performed, reduction values for pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions have been determined, which was the main objective of this manuscript. Mitigation of air pollutant emissions, i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) was estimated and compared to the eventual expected increase of emissions from power plants due to an increase of the demand for electricity. It can be concluded that electricity powered cars along with appropriate choices of energetic resources as well as electricity distribution management will play the important role to achieve the sustainable energy economy. Based on the emission reduction projections resulting from the projected increase in the number of electric cars, (corrected) emissions will be avoided in 2030 in the amount of over 14,908,000 thousand tonnes CO2 in European Union, 3,786,000 thousand tonnes CO2 in United States and 111,683 thousand tonnes CO2 in Japan.

Is RCEP a Panacea for India?

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622199862
Author(s):  
Rajat Deb
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

The successful integration and development strategies of East Asia and Southeast Asia in the forms of regional integrations such as the ASEAN have motivated to convert these into mega regional groups that is, the formation of the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP). RCEP has remained under discussion in the political forums since 2012 which had reached its crucial phase but India had refused to sign the pact in the Bangkok summit on 4 November 2019. India’s decision to pull out from the RCEP has likely protected her domestic sectors from the Chinese aggressive dumping, but it could adversely impact foreign investments and bargaining powers with the United States and the European Union in the short run. JEL Classification Codes: P25, R11

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