scholarly journals Energy and Economic Impact on the Application of Low-Cost Lightweight Materials in Economic Housing Located in Dry Climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borbon-Almada ◽  
Norma Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Mario Najera-Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Dry Climates

The building sector is considered a key area for sustainable development, due to the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the numerous economic activities that this sector involves. A low-cost lightweight cementitious composite consisting in perlite mortar was fabricated and evaluated. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the proposed composite were tested in the laboratory. The lightweight composite was integrated into a prototypical house and its thermal performance was tested for two different arid climates during a typical meteorological year. A techno-economic analysis of this integration was carried out, which showed the lightweight system integration could reduce the energy demand up to 10.3% due to the decreased use of heating and cooling systems. The CO2 emissions associated with electricity and gas use on cooling and heating systems could be reduced up to 10.9%.

Solar space heating with air and liquid systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 295 (1414) ◽  
pp. 349-359
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
And Storage

Seasonal and annual performance data are available on only a limited number of the several thousand solar space heating systems now in operation. The emerging information indicates that most of the heat required in buildings can be supplied by solar energy delivered from flat-plate collectors and stored overnight in tanks of water and bins of rock pebbles. Numerous mechanical and operational problems, mainly in liquid collection and storage systems, demand attention. Annual costs of solar heating equipment and its installation usually exceed current values of energy savings, but fuel prices are expected to escalate at rates which often favour solar purchase today. Detailed performance data on several types of solar heating and cooling systems in buildings of identical design are presented, compared and interpreted. Maintenance and repair requirements are noted and contrasted, and forecasts of use in various applications are presented.

Power Piping

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Temperature Water

ASME B31.1 prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, inspection, operation, and maintenance of piping systems typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems.It also covers boiler-external piping for power boilers and high-temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psig; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.

scholarly journals Thermal mass and the effects on heating and cooling demands – an experimental study of an exposed concrete floor

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nocente ◽  
Steinar Grynning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Office Rooms ◽  
Positive Effect

The increase of thermal mass in buildings is discussed as a useful measure for reducing the energy demand for heating and cooling while contributing to improve the internal comfort. Several studies confirmed its positive effect, but few conducted a solid comparative measurement campaign and rarely in comparative conditions. The present work reports the results of an extensive comparative campaign in a test cell facility, where the internal conditions are measured in two identical rooms. One of the rooms was equipped with a large concrete mass while the other was constructed with a thin wooden floor. Measurements were conducted for circa a month, divided in four phases. The internal temperature of the two rooms was kept within typical boundaries of actual office rooms by a water-based cooling and heating systems. The energy demand of both heating and cooling was measured. Occupancy was simulated by a mannequin and by the lighting, both active only in office hours. The results demonstrated a positive impact of the thermal mass on the energy use. Since the test rooms are highly insulated, the energy use associated to cooling was dominant. During the experimental campaign, a reduction of up to 44% of the energy demand due to cooling was registered.

scholarly journals Full IoT Lora School Building Management System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mataloto ◽  
Joao C. Ferreira ◽  
Nuno Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Communication Board

In this research paper we describe the development phase of a low-cost LoRa IoT solution applied to a kindergarten school with three years results. A set of sensors solution was developed in a LoRa communication board, battery powered, providing a simplified setup process. These sensors were used in order to measure temperature, humidity, luminosity, air quality and presence. Also, energy monitor solutions were integrated. The acquired data is transmitted and analysed for knowledge extraction, identifying savings and other related KPIs. From data, automatic saving actions were performed towards heating and cooling systems, lighting and a set of if-then actions were developed for automatic cost-saving actions, based on infrared signals to heating/cooling systems using some procedure of external command devices. This approach avoids the usage of proprietary vendor solutions in a flexible approach that can easily be deployed to any building facility. This is an important achievement since most of the building consumption is based on heating and cooling systems. In a three years test of the solution, the total energy consumption savings surpassed 20%

Power Piping

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Temperature Water

ASME B31.1 prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, inspection, operation, and maintenance of piping systems typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems.It also covers boiler-external piping for power boilers and high-temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psig; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.

By-Pass Blending Station: An Innovative Secondary In-Building Pump System for District Heating and Cooling Systems

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liu ◽  
D. Barnes ◽  
K. Bunz ◽  
N. Rosenberry
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Secondary Systems ◽  
Pump Head

An innovative secondary in-building pump system called the By-pass Blending Station (BBS) has been developed to reduce building pump energy consumption and maintain the desired return water temperatures in district heating and cooling systems. This method applies where district systems provide sufficient pump head for in-building water circulation. The BBS moves only the returned by-pass flow. Therefore, it uses less pump energy than the ASHRAE recommended method, which moves the entire building water flow by using in-building pump. The pump in the BBS is smaller than that of the ASHRAE recommended in-building secondary pump system. The BBS can be used in both constant and variable flow secondary systems. This paper compares the ASHRAE recommended secondary in-building pump with BBS systems using chilled water systems. The BBS only applies to cases where the primary distribution systems provide sufficient pump head for in-building circulation, which are typically found in commercial district cooling and heating systems.

Utilizing the Waste Polystyrene to Enhance the Thermal Insulation of the Local Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. AlQdah ◽  
Mubarak AlGrafi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Waste Polystyrene ◽  
Structure Versus

In this investigation, waste polystyrene boxes were collected and treated before mixed with common concrete in especial dies to produce new brick called poly-brick. The main tests performed these tests include the measurement of thermal conductivity, overall heat transfer coefficient and the compression stress. It can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the poly-brick increased with increasing the percentage of waste polystyrene and vary from 0.78 (W/mk) at 0% Polystyrene to 0.227 (W/mk) at 50% and the overall heat transfer coefficient reduced from 7.85 to 2.77 W/m2k. Comparisons between common building structure versus the new Poly-Brick was made and it indicates that the heat transfer rate reduced from 1413 to 498.6 Watt at 50% ratio of the mixture which means 64.7% of energy saving. On the other hand, the compression stress found to be less than that for the common brick. Reduction in energy consumption, which means that low cost of heating and cooling needs, safer, clean and comfortable environment achieved. It is also leads to getting rid of the waste material and has resolved numerous design challenges such as mould.

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