scholarly journals Services Sector Export in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Anatolijs Prohorovs ◽  
Marina Solesvik
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
World Trend ◽  
Service Export

In this paper, we consider the changes that occurred in the service exports of thirty-eight European countries in the period of 2005–2016. We have found that the existing world trend related to the growth of service exports is also present in Europe. However, the trend of the service exports’ share growth in the general volume of export is not common for all European countries. We found that higher growth rates are observed in European countries with lower levels of GDP per capita. We also discovered the presence of a strong positive correlation between growth in service exports and GDP growth, as well as between growth in service exports and GDP per capita. We also found that there is a linear correlation between the growth of service exports and the growth of GDP per capita, as well as between the growth in service exports and GDP growth. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that European countries, categorized as “Innovation Leaders” in accordance with the European Innovation Scoreboard, are not the leading countries in Europe with regard to the rates of service export growth. We also discovered that service exports in Europe are less sensitive to adverse macroeconomic effects than goods exports.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in India’s Service Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niti Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

With the ever-growing importance of services sector in India’s economy, this paper seeks to identify the determinants of FDI in the services sector. The study uses ordinary least squares regression analysis and examines the impact of GDP, GDP per capita, trade openness, FDI openness, and labour cost on FDI inflows. We also use another specification to include the lagged dependent variable as an explanatory variable. Using annual data for the period 1991 to 2010, we find that FDI inflows in the services sector in India are significantly determined by national income, GDP per capita, trade openness, FDI openness and skilled labour availability. This confirms the view that FDI in the services sector is efficiency-seeking and greater availability of skilled labour in India leads to greater inflows of FDI in services sector.

A Comparison of the Economic Growth of the Baltic States between the Two World Wars

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThis paper contributes to cliometric research on the economic output of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia between 1913 and 1938. For Finland, gross domestic product (GDP) values from Maddison project dataset are accepted. For Estonia, Arno Köörna’s and Jaak Valge’s estimates are endorsed with reservations for 1923–1924. According to an optimistic estimate, Lithuania’s GDP per capita was below all-Russian mean in 1913, but was not less than USSR level in 1938, while Gediminas Vaskela’s pessimistic estimate of the 1938 Lithuanian GDP implies its GDP growth underperformance. Using new sources, the first estimates of Latvia’s output for the 1913–1938 period in cross-country and cross-temporally comparable measurement units (1990 Geary Khamis international $) are substantiated. Under optimistic estimates of Lithuanian GDP growth, this country was on par with Finland in terms of annual growth rates, with Latvia following next and Estonia displaying the weakest growth performance.

Cointegration-causality analysis between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Ismail ◽  
Shehla Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two folds: first, to analyze the long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators (GDP growth, GDP per capita, inflation and unemployment) and second, to determine the direction of causality between these variables in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators is analyzed by applying Johansen cointegration analysis. Furthermore, the causality between terrorism and macroeconomic indicators is tested by applying Toda Yamamoto Granger causality test. Findings – The results show that there exists a long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators. Furthermore, the results suggest that there exists a bi-directional causality between terrorism and inflation. The causality between GDP per capita, unemployment, GDP growth and terrorism is unidirectional. Originality/value – There is a lack of research work conducted to analyze the long-run relationship and direction of causation between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators specifically for Pakistan. The current paper fills the gap in the literature by using sophisticated econometric techniques and recent data set to provide the evidence of the relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators.

scholarly journals The influence of demographic factors on the economic development of the Azerbaijan: the interconnection problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Nagiyev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Demographic factors have sometimes occupied center-stage in the discussion of the sources of economic growth. In the 18th century, Thomas Malthus made the pessimistic forecast that GDP growth per capita would fall due to a continued rapid increase in world population. There is a straightforward accounting relationship when identifying the sources of economic growth: Growth Rate of GDP = Growth Rate of Population + Growth Rate of GDP per capita, where GDP per capita is simply GDP divided by population. This article examines the interconnection between economic development and the demographic policy of Azerbaijan. The article analyzes various approaches of the impact of demographic factors on the economic development of a country. The following demographic factors have been identified and described as significant for the economic development: fertility dynamics, mortality dynamics, population size and gender and age structure.

scholarly journals The stock market capitalisation and financial growth nexus: an empirical study of western European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alshubiri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Financial Growth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Western European ◽  
Market Capitalisation

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the stock market capitalisation and financial growth nexus of Western European countries from 1989 to 2018 in order to understand the interactive relationship between the stock market and the economy to identify the specific financial market channels through which economic growth is managed. The pooled least square findings identified positive significant relationships between stock market capitalisation, foreign direct investment and stocks traded and financial growth, while negative and significant relationships were found between GDP per capita growth and inflation and financial growth. The fixed effect, random effect and pooled mean group models yielded the same results, indicating positive significant relationships between stock market capitalisation and stocks traded and financial growth, while the effect of foreign direct investment on financial growth was positive and insignificant. Finally, there were negative and significant relationships between GDP per capita growth and inflation and financial growth. The results from the quantile regression (tau = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50) there were positive relationships between stock market capitalisation and stocks traded and financial growth for all percentiles, while there were negative relationships between GDP per capita growth and inflation and financial growth except at the 0.30 percentile; foreign direct investment also had a negative relationship to financial growth at the 0.30 percentile. Most variables were significant at a 1% significance level. However, inflation was insignificant at the 0.10 percentile, foreign direct investment was insignificant at the 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 percentiles, and stocks traded were insignificant at the 0.40 and 0.50 percentiles. All of the applied the diagnostic tests confirmed the robustness of the data. The main conclusion is that countries should minimise any regulatory obstacles to financial markets and protect the rights of shareholders. Furthermore, advanced financial systems should reduce the obstacles faced by companies in terms of external financing.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic indicators and student mobility: a case study of the African countries most actively involved in FAO student mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 (5-6(2)) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Henrietta Janik ◽  
◽  
Zsuzsanna Tóth-Naár ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Scholarship Students ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The internationalization of higher education is one of the most current topics related to education today. The number of foreign students in major higher education institutions is increasing, and international collaborations in the field of education and research are becoming more frequent. Even though the topic is so tangible in proximity, still little is known about the process of internationalization of higher education and the factors that support and hinder the phenomenon. The theoretical significance of this study is the regression analysis of the revealed literature and statistical data, while the practical significance is the possible comparative study of the research carried out in the international context depending on the number of FAO scholarship students coming to Hungary from African countries. The study covers 12 years of mobilities from 2008 to 2020. The study presents the distribution of FAO scholarship students arriving in Hungary from African countries and analyses a correlation between macroeconomic indicators, student mobility and the likelihood of international migration regarding sending African countries, using linear regression analysis and SPSS as a statistical method. For this analysis the data from the ILOSTAT Database has been used. The result of the study is that there are correlations between indicators in only a few cases, such as the HDI and MPI index of the African countries and GDP per capita. The GDP per capita has really strong positive correlation with the HDI index. There is a medium correlation between agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) and the employment in agriculture in the examined African countries. Also, our results suggest there is a moderately strong negative correlation between MPI index and GDP per capita.

GDP Per Capita and Protest Activity: A Quantitative Reanalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Korotayev ◽  
Stanislav Bilyuga ◽  
Alisa Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Given ◽  
Protest Activity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

Our research suggests that the relation between GDP per capita and sociopolitical destabilization is not characterized by a straightforward negative correlation; it rather has an inverted U-shape. The highest risks are typical for the countries with intermediate values of GDP per capita, not the highest or lowest values. Thus, until a certain value of GDP per capita is reached, economic growth predicts an increase in the risks of sociopolitical destabilization. This positive correlation is particularly strong ( r = .94, R2 = .88) and significant for the intensity of antigovernment demonstrations. This correlation can be observed in a very wide interval (up to 20,000 of international 2014 dollars at purchasing power parities [PPPs]). We suggest that it is partially accounted for by the following regularities: (a) GDP growth in authoritarian regimes strengthens the pro-democracy movements, and, consequently, intensifies antigovernment demonstrations; (b) in the GDP per capita interval from the minimum to $20,000, the growth of GDP per capita correlates quite strongly with a declining proportion of authoritarian regimes and a growing proportion of intermediate and democratic regimes; and, finally, (c) GDP growth in the given diapason increases the level of education of the population, which, in turn, leads to a higher intensity of antigovernment demonstrations.

Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF

Policy Papers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Small States ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Imf

Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP—more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as greater vulnerability to severe disasters. About 9 percent of disasters in small states involve damage of more than 30 percent of GDP, compared to less than 1 percent for larger states. Greater exposure to disasters has important macroeconomic effects on small states, resulting in lower investment, lower GDP per capita, higher poverty, and a more volatile revenue base.

Tests of a more comprehensive model of economic growth in lower middle-income countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Quang Dao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test a more comprehensive model of economic growth using a sample of 28 lower middle-income developing countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors modify the conventional neoclassical growth model to account for the impact of the increase in the number of people working relative to the total population and that of the increase in the value added per worker over time. The authors then extend this model by incorporating the role of trade, government consumption, and human capital in output growth. Findings Regression results show that over three quarters of cross-lower middle-income country variations in per capita GDP growth rate can be explained by per capita growth in the share of public expenditures on education in the GDP, per capita growth in the share of government consumption in the GDP, per capita growth in the share of imports in the GDP, per capita growth in the share of manufactured exports in the GDP (not of that of total exports in the GDP), and the growth of the working population relative to the total population. Practical implications Statistical results of such empirical examination will assist governments in these countries identify policy fundamentals that are essential for economic growth. Originality/value To address the simultaneity bias, the authors develop a simultaneous equations model and are able to show that such model is more robust and helps explains cross-country variations in per capita GDP growth over the 2000-2014 period.

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